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1.
Genetic variation of the enzyme phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) has been found in the erythrocytes of Australian domestic cats by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis at pH 8.2. Three complex patterns of isoenzymes, designated F, FS and S, were obtained migrating anodally. Limited family studies and the distribution of the three main phenotypes indicated that the polymorphism is controlled by two codominant autosomal alleles, PHIF and PHIS Gene frequencies for PHIF and PHIS have been calculated as 0.036 and 0.964 respectively. Three additional variant forms have also been observed. 相似文献
2.
The cholinesterase activity in horse serum was shown to be controlled by four co-dominant autosomal alleles, Ch A , Ch B , Ch c and Ch D . The respective alleles controlled an activity of approximately 40, 76, 126 and 155 units. Nine phenotypes with different enzyme levels were distinguished. Family data with 11 stallions, 108 mares and 128 offspring were consistent with the genetic theory. The gene frequencies in the North Swedish horse breed were 0.32, 0.42, 0.13 and 0.13, respectively. 相似文献
3.
T. Kirikae M. Yoshida H. Sawada H. Tezuka Y. Kitamura† K. J. Mori 《Cell proliferation》1987,20(1):89-98
Abstract. An attempt was made to establish long-term cultures of marrow cells from genetically anaemic W/W v mice. Two batches of horse sera were used. One batch of horse serum (HS-lot A) supported long-term maintenance (up to 20 weeks) of granulopoiesis in vitro. The number of suspension cells in W/Wv marrow culture was maintained at the same level as that in the control +/+ culture, but the number of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (GM-CFC) and the ratio of immature to mature granulocytes were at a lower level than those in +/+ culture. These data suggest that haemopoietic progenitors in W/Wv cultures maintain a higher level of differentiation, and hence an increased self-renewal than those in +/+ cultures. Another batch of horse serum (HS-lot B) was less effective in the maintenance of the cultures, and the cultures deteriorated within 10 weeks. Addition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced increased granulopoiesis in +/+ cultures, whereas such treatment resulted in the depletion of suspension cells in W/Wv cultures. The results suggest that haemopoietic cells of W/Wv mouse cannot cope with the strong stimulus for differentiation that occurs after the administration of LPS, although the cells can continue a moderately increased self-renewal and differentiation, as indicated by the results in the culture with HS-lot A. 相似文献
4.
Lowell R. Weitkamp 《Animal genetics》1978,9(2):123-126
Polymorphism of equine Gc protein was demonstrated by immunofixation electrophoresis with a goat anti-human Gc antibody. Three different phenotypes, F, FS and S, were found. Family data supported the genetic theory of two autosomal co-dominant alleles, GcF and GcS . Both alleles occurred in Standardbred, Thoroughbred and Arabian horses and in Shetland ponies. A frequency of 0.23 for GcS in the American Standardbred horse indicates the system should be useful for problems of identification and parentage. 相似文献
5.
Indispensability of Iron for the Growth of Cultured Chick Cells 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
KOJI SAITO YASUKO HAGIWARA TAKAYUKI HASEGAWA EIJIRO OZAWA 《Development, growth & differentiation》1982,24(6):571-580
In order to clarify the role of iron in the growth promoting effect of transferrin (Tf), the effects of the following substances were examined in cultured chick skeletal myogenic cells: transition metal ions (Fe2+ , Fe3+ , Cr3+ , Cu2+ , Mn2+ , Co2+ , Cd2+ , Zn2+ and Ni2+ ), Tf complexes with these metals and metal-free apoTf.
The cells did not grow well when incubated in a culture medium composed of Eagle's minimum essential medium and horse serum. But they grew well in the presence of Fe2+ or Fe3+ (10–100 μM) or iron-bound Tf (10–500 nM) in the medium. None of the transition metal ions other than iron was effective. Neither apoTf nor Tf complexes with these metals showed the growth promoting effect. The generality of the requirement of iron for cell growth was ascertained in the primary culture of other types of chick embryonic cells: fibroblasts, cardiac myocytes, retinal pigment cells and spinal nerve cells.
The results show that iron is one of the indispensable substances for cell growth and suggest that Tf protein plays a role in facilitating the transport of iron into the cells. 相似文献
The cells did not grow well when incubated in a culture medium composed of Eagle's minimum essential medium and horse serum. But they grew well in the presence of Fe
The results show that iron is one of the indispensable substances for cell growth and suggest that Tf protein plays a role in facilitating the transport of iron into the cells. 相似文献
6.
Starch gel electrophoresis of 55 donkey serum samples revealed three prealbumin (Pr) phenotypes temporarily designated PrM, PrMT and PrT. The distribution was in agreement with a genetic theory of two codominant alleles of frequencies, PrM = 0.87 and PrT = 0.13. Variation was also observed for proteins migrating with the same rate as the Xh zones in the horse. 相似文献
7.
Polymorphism of phosphoglucomutase (PGM) in horse erythrocytes was studied by means of starch gel electrophoresis.
Three different phenotypes, F, FS and S, were found. Family data supported the genetic theory of two autosomal, codominant alleles PGMF and PGM S controlling the variation.
The gene frequencies were estimated to 0.28 and 0.72, respectively, in the North-Swedish Horse breed and to 0.13 and 0.87, respectively, in the Swedish Trotter Breed.
The probabilities of excluding a falsely assigned stallion in the PGM system were calculated to 0.16 and 0.10, respectively, in the two breeds. 相似文献
Three different phenotypes, F, FS and S, were found. Family data supported the genetic theory of two autosomal, codominant alleles PGM
The gene frequencies were estimated to 0.28 and 0.72, respectively, in the North-Swedish Horse breed and to 0.13 and 0.87, respectively, in the Swedish Trotter Breed.
The probabilities of excluding a falsely assigned stallion in the PGM system were calculated to 0.16 and 0.10, respectively, in the two breeds. 相似文献
8.
A method was developed for simultaneous electrophoresis of the enzymes 6-phos-phogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), phospho-hexose isomerase (PHI) and acid phosphatase (AP) from horse red cells. Genetically controlled variants of PHI were discovered by this technique. The patterns obtained for 6-PGD and PGM were similar to those obtained by the original methods described for these enzymes. The AP patterns differed somewhat from those previously described in horse. 相似文献
9.
Principal stresses acting in the midshafts of the radius and metacarpus of the horse were determined from in vivo strain recordings during locomotion and jumping. Ground forces and limb position were also recorded. Over a range of speed and gait the radius was subjected to considerable bending, whereas the metacarpus was loaded primarily in axial compression. As a result, peak stresses acting in the radius (maximum: –45 MN/m2 ) were consistently 50% greater than those acting in the metacarpus (maximum: –31 MN/m2 ). The increase in peak bone stress (radius: 119% and metacarpus; 114%) with increasing speed was matched by a 103% increase in the mass-specific vertical force ( A v ) exerted on the limb and a 55% decline in duty factor of the limb. The forelimb was closely aligned with the direction of ground force during the support phase (<9° when peak force acted) to minimize bending forces exerted on the distal limb bones. Hence, bending of the radius resulted mainly from axial forces acting about its longitudinal curvature. This was in contrast to the metacarpus, which is a much straighter bone.
Significantly greater stresses were recorded in each bone during jumping: –81 MN/m2 in the radius and –53 MN/m2 in the metacarpus. While the distribution of loading in the radius was similar to that during steady state locomotion, greater variability in the magnitude and/or distribution of metacarpal loading was observed between animals, largely due to differences in the orientation of the limb during takeoff and landing. These data demonstrate that the horse, despite its large size, maintains a safety factor of nearly 3–4 during peak performance. 相似文献
Significantly greater stresses were recorded in each bone during jumping: –81 MN/m
10.
ALICE COHEN IRVIN HIRSHFIELD 《Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology》1997,5(4):299-307
The emerging gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori is an oxygen-sensitive fastidious microaerophile. Culturability of this organism is rapidly lost in oxygen levels present in the atmosphere due to its morphological transformation into a viable but not culturable state. The effect of the OxyraseTM system of oxygen-reducing membrane fragments on H. pylori was evaluated at levels ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 Units/mL in Brucella broth supplemented with 5% horse serum. Duplicate sets of OxyraseTM dilutions inoculated with H. pylori were incubated at 35C aerobically and microaerobically. At these OxyraseTM levels, a logarithmic loss of H. pylori viability was evident in the aerobic cultures. The inoculum remained recoverable for 24 h in the presence of OxyraseTM , whereas recovery of inoculum in untreated broth was greatly reduced after 8 h of aerobic incubation, and the organism was unrecoverable after 24 h. OxyraseTM -containing broth cultures of H. pylori incubated microaerobically showed a similar drop in viable counts for the first 48 h of incubation; however, at the lower levels of OxyraseTM , some cells survived, and resumed logarithmic growth at 96 h. To explore the effects of short term aerobic incubation in the presence of 0, 0.005, 0.05, and 0.5 Units OxyraseTM , cultures were examined microscopically after 4, 8, and 24 h. In the OxyraseTM -containing broths, <90% of the cells exhibited rod shape morphology after 8 h, whereas in the untreated broth, most cells appeared coccoid. After 24 h, all cells exhibited coccoid morphology. 相似文献
11.
Abstract The four species of Bordetella differed in their ability to grow at 37°C in membrane-filtered tracheobronchial washings (TBW) from seven vertebrate species, including their natural hosts. From washed inocula of approximately 2×103 colony-forming units per ml (cfu ml−1 ), Bordetella bronchiseptica and B. avium grew much better than the other two bordetellae and yielded stationary-phase cultures containing 108 −109 cfu ml−1 in most of the TBW samples. These counts were only moderately lower than those attained in CL medium which contains about a 450-times higher concentration of amino acids. B. bronchiseptica and B. avium also grew to a limited extent in phosphate-buffered saline without nutrient supplements. B. parapertussis grew in TBW from man, sheep, rabbit, mouse and chicken, but not in TBW from a dog and a horse or in PBS. B. pertussis grew well in CL medium, but not in PBS or in any of 13 samples of TBW from the seven vertebrate species, which included three samples of lung lavage fluid from human patients. Analysis of the TBW samples for known Bordetella nutrients revealed concentrations of amino acids and nicotinic acid averaging 0.35 mM and 0.56 μg ml− respectively. 相似文献
12.
Sune Pettersson 《Physiologia plantarum》1981,52(4):431-436
Passive fluxes of K+ (86 Rb) into roots of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L. cv. Uniflorus) were determined at low K+ concentration (0.1 and 1.0 mM K+ ) in the ambient solution. Metabolic uptake of K+ was inhibited by 10−4 M 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). K+ (86 Rb) fluxes were studied both continuously and by time differentiation of uptake. In high K+ roots passive uptake was directly proportional to the K+ concentration of the uptake solution, indicating free diffusion. This assumption was supported by the fact that passive Rb+ uptake was not affected by high K+ concentrations. In low K+ roots the passive uptake of K+ was higher than in high K+ roots. The increase was possibly due to carrier-mediated K+ transport. As K+ effluxes were quantitatively similar to influxes, it is suggested that passive K+ fluxes represent exchange diffusion without relation to net K+ transport. 相似文献
13.
PETER RAWLINGS MARIA-JOSÉ PRO ISABEL PENA† MARIA-DOLORES ORTEGA‡ RUBEN CAPELA† 《Medical and veterinary entomology》1997,11(1):49-57
Abstract. Collections of biting midges were made over 24 months from sixty sites spread across Iberia. Information on the distribution of the vector of African horse sickness virus, Culicoides imicola , from these 3119 samples showed that this species was annually present across south-western Spain as far as 3o 53'W and throughout most of Portugal, up to 41o 5'N. C.imicola was found in all areas where African horse sickness epizootics had occurred in 1987-90 and also in areas outside the epizootic zones.
Seasonal patterns of capture success of C.imicola , from seventeen frequently sampled sites where the vector was present, usually showed a late summer-early autumn peak. At the sites furthest south there was a discrete peak, mostly in September or October, before and after which the numbers captured increased or decreased steadily. At higher latitudes peak abundances occurred as early as May or as late as November, population build up was less uniform and numbers often declined rapidly after the peak was reached. Both the distribution and seasonal abundance patterns closely matched transmission patterns of African horse sickness virus, which rose during late summer and caused most cases during the autumn months. 相似文献
Seasonal patterns of capture success of C.imicola , from seventeen frequently sampled sites where the vector was present, usually showed a late summer-early autumn peak. At the sites furthest south there was a discrete peak, mostly in September or October, before and after which the numbers captured increased or decreased steadily. At higher latitudes peak abundances occurred as early as May or as late as November, population build up was less uniform and numbers often declined rapidly after the peak was reached. Both the distribution and seasonal abundance patterns closely matched transmission patterns of African horse sickness virus, which rose during late summer and caused most cases during the autumn months. 相似文献
14.
Porcine intestinal peptide (PHI), a twenty-seven amino acid peptide isolated from porcine gut extracts, is a close structural homolog of the secretin family hormones. The structural and biological similarities of PHI to vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) together with its presence in the rat hypothalamus suggested a possible role for the peptide in the control of prolactin (PRL) secretion. PHI induced significant, dose-related stimulations of PRL release from cultured, dispersed rat pituitary cells in vitro. The minimum effective dose is 107 molar, compared to 109 molar for VIP. No interactive effect with thyrotropin-releasing hormone was observed; however, PHI partially overcame the dopamine inhibition of PRL release. 相似文献
15.
Several alleles were found to determine the colour of the dorsal pronotum in Chorthippus brunneus; there was evidence for at least two loci ( C and V ). Brown ( CB )was the universal recessive and green ( CC ) was dominant to all other colours. The white allele ( CW )was codominant with green( CG )and purple ( CP ). Wing-patterns were determined by a separate, probably linked locus ( W ). A dominant plain wing-pattern ( WP ) was associated with colours other than brown. Striped( WS )and mottled( Wmo ) were codominant and a plain recessive allele ( WP ) was also found. All three alleles were associated with the brown phenotype. A purple-sided allele ( SPu ) was sometimes obmd with Cpu. . S Pu was dominant to brown sides ( SB ), A series of markings on the dorsal and lateral pronotum ( linea intermedia, fascia postocularis, linea media, carina media and zona lateralis ) were investigated and found to be controlled at separate loci which may be linked to W . These characters were expressed by dominant alleles.
Epistatic effects by modifier loci were shown to have an important effect on the determination of wing phenotype. Allele Wo+ , for example, suppressed the stripe-wing pattern, linea media, carina media and zona lateralis .
It was concluded that colour patterns appear to be under genetic control and that dominant alleles were rare in the wild. Changes in shades of colours were shown to be age-dependent and minor. 相似文献
Epistatic effects by modifier loci were shown to have an important effect on the determination of wing phenotype. Allele Wo
It was concluded that colour patterns appear to be under genetic control and that dominant alleles were rare in the wild. Changes in shades of colours were shown to be age-dependent and minor. 相似文献
16.
Considering the putative neuroprotective role of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and the pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), we investigated the acute modulation of glial glutamate uptake by the structurally related peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI). Using cultures of cortical astrocytes, we demonstrated that a 6 min treatment with 1 μmol/L PHI strongly increased the d -[3 H]-aspartate uptake velocity from 24.3 ± 1.9 to 46.8 ± 3.5 nmol/mg prot/min. This effect was found to reflect an increase in the activity of the GLAST, the predominant functional glutamate transporter in these cultures. The combination of protein kinase A and C inhibitors was effective in blocking the effect of PHI and the use of peptide antagonists contributed to demonstrate the implication of the VIP/PACAP type 2 receptor (VPAC2 ). Accordingly, G-protein activation measures and gene reporter assays revealed the expression of functional PHI-sensitive receptors in cultured astrocytes. Biotinylation/immunoblotting studies indicated that PHI significantly increased the cell surface expression of the GLAST (by 34.24 ± 8.74 and 43.00 ± 6.36%, when considering the 72 and 55 kDa immunoreactive proteins, respectively). Such cross-talk between PHI and glutamate transmission systems in glial cells opens attractive perspectives in neuropharmacology. 相似文献
17.
Abstract. Rates of proton extrusion and potassium (86 Rb) influx by intact roots of barley ( Hordeum vulgare cvs . Fergus, Conquest and Betzes) plants were simultaneously measured in short-term (15min) experiments. The nature and extent of apparent coupling between these ion fluxes was explored by manipulating conditions of temperature, pH and cation composition and concentration during flux determinations. In addition, the influence of salt status upon these fluxes was examined. At low K+ concentrations (0.01 to 1 mol m−3 ), H+ efflux and K+ influx were strongly correlated in both low- and high-K+ roots, although K+ : H+ exchange stoichiometries were almost consistently greater than 2:1. At higher concentrations (1 to 5 mol m−3 ), H+ efflux was either reduced or remained unchanged while K+ influxes increased. In the presence of Na2 SO4 , rates of H+ extrusion demonstrated similar cation dependence, although below 10 mol m−3 Na2 SO4 , H+ fluxes were generally 50% lower than in equivalent concentrations of K2 SO4 . These observations are considered in the context of current hypotheses regarding the mechanisms of k+ /H+ exchange. 相似文献
18.
Nurettin Sahin Maria C. Portillo Yuko Kato & Peter Schumann 《FEMS microbiology letters》2009,296(2):198-202
Three strains of aerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, yellow-pigmented bacteria (OD1T , YOxT and NS13), which were isolated in previous studies by enrichment in a mineral medium with potassium oxalate as the sole carbon source, were characterized. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strains OD1T , YOxT and NS13 belong to the Betaproteobacteria , most closely related to Oxalicibacterium flavum TA17T (97.2–99.7% sequence similarity). The major whole-cell fatty acids were C16:0 , C16:1 ω7c and C17:0 cyclo. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strains OD1T and YOxT from O. flavum TA17T and from each other. Therefore, it is concluded that the strains OD1T and YOxT represent novel species within the genus Oxalicibacterium , for which the names Oxalicibacterium horti sp. nov. (type strain OD1T =DSM 21640T =NBRC 13594T ) and Oxalicibacterium faecigallinarum sp. nov. (type strain YOxT =DSM 21641T =CCM 2767T ) are proposed. 相似文献
19.
The energetics of an egg-laying mammal, the echidna ( Tachyglossus aculeatus ), were studied in the wild by means of isotope turnover techniques. Water and sodium influx rates were highest in summer (47.7±15.3 ml kg-1 day-1 and 1.20±0.52 mmol kg-1 day-1 , respectively) and associated with high metabolic rates (0.509±0.048 ml CO2 g-1 h-1 ). Water and sodium influxes and metabolic rates were lowest in May and June (7.8±6.4 ml H2 O kg-1 day-1 , 0.21±0.12 mmol Na kg-1 day-1 and 0.205±0.129 ml CO2 g-1 h-1 , respectively). These low rates in late autumn/early winter are associated with reduced activity, the animals spending substantial periods of time in torpor. The comparatively low isotope turnover rates of echidnas are a consequence of their diet; ants and termites which have low mass-specific energy contents. 相似文献
20.
Diarrhoeal enterotoxin production by strains of Bacillus thuringiensis isolated from commercial Bacillus thuringiensis-based insecticides 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Per Hyldebrink Damgaard 《FEMS immunology and medical microbiology》1995,12(3-4):245-249
Abstract Strains of Bacillus cereus and B. thuringiensis were tested by the Tecra VIA kit for the ability to produce a diarrhoeal enterotoxin. The strains of B. thuringiensis were isolated from commercial B. thuringiensis -based insecticides (BactimosTM , DiPelTM , FlorbacTM FC, ForayTM 48B, NovodorTM FC, TurexTM , VecTobacTM , XenTariTM ). The production of diarrhoeal enterotoxin varied by a factor of more than 100 among the different strains tested. B. cereus (F4433/73) produced the highest amount of enterotoxin and the B. thuringiensis strain isolated from DiPelTM the lowest. The products were tested for their content of diarrhoeal enterotoxin and all products, except MVPTM which does not contain viable B. thuringiensis spores, contained diarrhoeal enterotoxins. The results indicates an potential risk for gastroenteritis outbreak caused by B. thuringiensis . 相似文献