腺病毒介导人肝细胞生长因子对大鼠皮层神经元损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨腺病毒介导人肝细胞生长因子(Ad-HGF)对体外无血清培养所致大鼠皮层神经元损伤的保护作用.方法:用流式细胞仪测定不同感染强度(MOI)条件下携带绿色荧光蛋白的重组腺病毒(Ad-GFP)(25,50,100,200pfu/cell)对皮层神经元的转染效率,确定最佳MOI;ELISA测定Ad-HGF在最佳感染强度下皮层神经元中的表达规律;通过中性红染色和PI-Hoechst33342双染色法比较转染Ad-HGF组与对照组(转染Ad-GFP组和空白对照组)间无血清培养后6 h、12 h、24 h和48 h细胞的存活情况.结果:在感染强度为50 pfu/cell时,重组腺病毒对皮层神经元的转染率达99.3%,Ad-HGF能在皮层神经元中有效而持久地表达,接种后2 h转染Ad-HGF组的细胞死亡率和凋亡率在无血清培养后12 h明显低于两对照组(P＜0.05).结论:Ad-HGF对接种后2 h转染组无血清培养所致的损伤有显著的保护作用,对接种后第5 d转染的皮层神经元无血清所致的损伤虽亦具有一定的保护作用,但不明显.     

重组腺病毒介导人肝细胞生长因子在病理性瘢痕基因治疗研究中的应用

采用细胞内质粒DNA同源重组方法, 将人肝细胞生长因子基因构建于E1, E3区缺失的复制缺陷型5型腺病毒载体上, 获得携带人肝细胞生长因子基因(HGF)的重组腺病毒Ad-HGF. 在293细胞中扩增后用氯化铯密度梯度离心法扩增制备Ad-HGF和Ad-GFP(携带绿色荧光蛋白报告基因的重组腺病毒), 然后, 用Ad-GFP和Ad-HGF体外分别转染原代培养的兔耳瘢痕成纤维细胞, 观察体外转染效率及表达, 并以新西兰兔耳瘢痕为体内模型, 观察局部瘢痕组织中一次性注射Ad-HGF后对已形成瘢痕的治疗作用. 结果显示: (ⅰ) Ad-GFP感染原代培养兔瘢痕成纤维细胞后, 3 d时转染效率为(36.8 ± 14.1)%, 并持续表达20 d以上. (ⅱ) 用ELISA方法检测Ad-HGF感染原代培养兔瘢痕成纤维细胞后HGF的表达, 结果感染后3 d表达量约为76 ng/4.0 ´ 105细胞. (ⅲ)用兔耳瘢痕模型观察在瘢痕内注射不同剂量(8.6 ´ 10⁹, 8.6 ´ 10⁸, 8.6 ´ 10⁷, 8.6 ´ 10⁶ pfu)的Ad-HGF, 于注射后第32天肉眼可见Ad-HGF治疗组瘢痕较治疗前明显缩小、变薄, 甚至与周围皮肤在同一水平. 这一效应呈剂量依赖性: 大、中剂量组(8.6 ´ 10⁹, 8.6 ´ 10⁸ pfu)治疗前后瘢痕肥大指数的减少有统计学意义(P<0.05), 尚可见不同程度再生的丛状新生毛, 低剂量组(8.6 ´ 10⁷, 8.6 ´ 10⁶ pfu)治疗后瘢痕肥大指数有减小但无统计学意义, 对照组多数瘢痕大小无明显变化. 光学显微镜观察组织切片显示, 治疗组真皮中纤维组织明显少于对照组, 并可见毛囊及皮脂腺的存在; 天狼猩红染色显示大剂量组创口中胶原纤维薄且稀少, 而低剂量组和对照组创口中仍有丰富的大而粗的Ⅰ型胶原. (ⅳ)治疗兔体内未检测到抗HGF抗体的存在. (ⅴ) 局部应用Ad-HGF所介导的基因只在局部表达, 不累及远隔的器官和组织, 也未见任何毒副作用. 结果提示, 以腺病毒介导人肝细胞生长因子基因治疗病理性瘢痕在整形外科中具有一定的应用前景.     

人Sema4C重组腺病毒载体的构建及其在小鼠成肌细胞系C2C12中的表达

利用Ad5腺病毒载体系统构建人Sema4C基因重组腺病毒表达载体并在成肌细胞系C2C12中表达,并初步探讨Sema4C基因在成肌发育过程中的可能作用。利用脂质体介导重组腺病毒载体转染HEK293细胞,包装出完整的腺病毒;将重组腺病毒载体感染C2C12成肌细胞后,利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察发现12h即有绿色荧光表达,24h后绿色荧光蛋白表达最强;流式细胞仪检测病毒的感染效率几乎达100%。WB检测结果表明感染重组腺病毒载体组C2C12细胞Sema4C蛋白的表达量明显高于空载体对照组（P<0.01）。为了进一步观察Sema4C基因对C2C12细胞增殖分化的影响,流式细胞仪检测了病毒感染48h后C2C12细胞的增殖指数,并对感染后诱导分化的C2C12细胞的分化情况进行了观察。我们的结果首次表明,过表达外源性人Sema4C基因不仅能使C2C12细胞的G0/G1期比例增加,细胞的增殖指数下降,同时在分化培养条件下还能促进C2C12细胞肌管的形成。     

2种腺病毒介导的eGFP对人成纤维细胞转染效率的研究

目的:比较2种不同腺病毒(adenovirus,AD)介导的增强型绿色荧光蛋白(enhanced green fluorescent protein,eGFP)对人皮肤成纤维细胞(Human Fibroblast,HFB)的转染效率.方法:原代分离培养人皮肤成纤维细胞并鉴定,按照感染复数MOI为10、25、50、100转染传2代的人成纤维细胞,流式细胞检测AD5-EGFP和AD5/F35-EGFP对HFB的转染效率,荧光显微镜观察转染后的荧光强度.MTT法检测AD5.EGFP和AD5/F35-EGFP对HFB的毒性.结果:两种腺病毒对HFB的转染效率随着MOI增加而增高.AD5.EGFP和AD5/F35.EGFP在MOI为10、25、50、100时转染效率分别为9.44 3.44%、31.96 11.19%、51.7 7.24%、69.99 3.26%和22.82 8.98%、55.08 2.19%、63.37 7.24%、88.63 2.58%.两种病毒在转染过程中,细胞生长正常,MTT显示各转染组与未转染组的吸光度值无统计学差异.结论:AD5/F35载体对HFB嗜性显著高于AD5.在皮肤组织的基因修饰中,AD5/F35比AD5更具优越性.     

SOCS3基因重组腺病毒的构建及其在猪脂肪细胞中的表达

本研究旨在构建细胞因子信号转导抑制因子3(Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3,SOCS3)的重组腺病毒表达载体,获得有感染性的病毒颗粒。以pcDNA3-SOCS3质粒为模板扩增SOCS3基因,将其亚克隆至腺病毒穿梭载体pAdTrack-CMV,经测序验证后,重组的穿梭质粒用PmeI酶切线性化后转化到BJ5183感受态细菌中与其内的骨架载体pAdEasy-1进行同源重组,获得的重组质粒pAd-SOCS3,经PacI线性化后转染至HEK293细胞中进行包装和扩增,纯化后用TCID50法测定病毒滴度。以重组的病毒感染原代培养的猪脂肪细胞后,荧光显微镜下观察报告基因GFP的表达,RT-PCR和Western blotting检测细胞内SOCS3 mRNA和蛋白的表达。重组腺病毒载体pAd-SOCS3经酶切及PCR鉴定正确,病毒滴度为1.2×109PFU/mL;感染原代培养的猪脂肪细胞后,荧光显微镜观察可见报告基因GFP的表达;RT-PCR和Western blotting检测到细胞中SOCS3 mRNA和蛋白的表达显著提高。本研究成功构建了SOCS3基因的重组腺病毒,感染原代培养的猪脂肪细胞可稳定表达SOCS3蛋白,为深入研究SOCS3的功能奠定了基础。     

《生物技术通讯》2004年分类索引(第15卷,总第61-66期)

研究报告外源高表达PC-1蛋白N端43个氨基酸可加速人前列腺癌细胞系C4-2的生 长万里川,周建光,李杰之,等1重组腺病毒Ad-HGF体外感染成纤维细胞后转染效率及表达的检 测哈小琴,王澜,劳妙芬,等5SARS-CoVS蛋白基因的克隆及其与VSV-G融合表达载体的构 建冯彦斌,善亚君,苑晓玲,等9重组依赖辅酶B12的甘油脱水酶基因表达系统构 建邵敬伟,刘长江,吕淑霞,等13细小病毒B19Oligo探针设 计吕梁,马文丽,孙朝晖,等17总RNA和mRNA来源的探针与cDNA芯片杂交的差异…     

悬浮培养HEK-293 N3S细胞生产重组腺病毒Ad-GFP的实验研究

利用5L生物反应器悬浮培养HEK-293N3S细胞生产携带绿色荧光蛋白基因的重组腺病毒(recombinant adenovirus-greenfluorescent protein,Ad-GFP),为规模化生产腺病毒基因药物建立一种稳定可行的生产工艺。复苏的种子细胞进行逐级放大最后接入5L搅拌式生物反应器中,采用含5%胎牛血清(FBS)的DMEM/F12培基灌流培养293N3S细胞,当细胞密度达到(2~4)×106个/mL时感染Ad-GFP,48h后收获细胞,经两步氯化铯超速离心获得纯化的Ad-GFP。采用紫外分光光度计比色法和高压液相色谱法(HPLC)测定病毒颗粒数和纯度,采用组织培养半数感染剂量(TCID50)法检测腺病毒的感染滴度。连续培养10~12d,细胞密度可达到(2~4)×106个/mL左右,纯化的Ad-GFP感染滴度和颗粒数分别为1.0×1011IU/mL和1.68×1012VP/mL,比活性为6.0%,A260/A280比值为1.33,产品纯度达到99.2%。建立了5L生物反应器悬浮培养293N3S细胞生产重组腺病毒Ad-GFP的生产工艺,对携带其他基因的重组腺病毒药物生产具有一定的指导意义。     

质粒超螺旋比例对其细胞转染效率及表达的影响

检测质粒开环、闭环比例不同时对其细胞转染效率及表达的影响。构建携带人肝细胞生长因子基因的质粒(pcDNA3-HGF)及携带LacZ报告基因的质粒(pcDNA3-LacZ),用核酸纯化试剂盒提取开环、闭环比例不同的质粒,然后用LipofectAMINE介导它们分别转染NIH3T3细胞,采用X-Gal染色和ELISA法分别观察转染效率和表达活性。结果表明,用超螺旋比例分别为85.45%和48.44%的质粒pcDNA3-LacZ转染生长旺盛的NIH3T3细胞,48h检测转染效率分别为23.4%±3.8%和9.3%±2.5%,前者约是后者的2.5倍。用超螺旋比例分别为93.28%和40.53%的质粒pcDNA3-HGF转染1×106NIH3T3细胞,ELISA法检测48h细胞培养上清中HGF的表达量分别为46.5±6.3ng和25.6±4.2ng,前者是后者的1.8倍。初步认为质粒开环、闭环比例不同对其细胞转染效率及表达有一定影响,超螺旋比例高时其转染效率及表达量较高。     

逆转录病毒载体构建的hNT-3基因在大鼠成纤维细胞中的表达

为了检验重组逆转录病毒对体外培养细胞的感染能力和效率 ,用逆转录病毒载体构建的人神经营养因子 3(pLXSN NT3)感染大鼠原代成纤维细胞 ,经G4 18筛选获得了稳定整合有外源hNT 3的工程细胞株 .RT PCR证实了外源基因hNT 3已整合到宿主细胞基因组 ,并可合成其mRNA ;PCR检测方法证明细胞株不含具有感染能力的病毒 ;Western印迹证明了细胞能正确表达hNT 3;大乳鼠背根神经节检测了细胞上清液中的NT 3生物活性 .体外感染实验的成功为进一步进行基因治疗动物实验打下了基础     

NLS-RARα蛋白在重组腺病毒Ad-NE感染的NB4中定位的验证

该实验主要验证重组腺病毒Ad．NE感染NB4细胞后,NLS-RARa蛋白的表达及其定位。用重组腺病毒Ad-NE感染NB4细胞,检测感染效率,分别用RT-PCR和Westernblot法在mRNA水平和蛋白水平验证转染成功：提取转染成功的NB4细胞的核蛋白,Westernblot法检测细胞核中NLS—RARα蛋白的表达;FITC—AnnexinV／DAPI双染色免疫荧光法检测转染成功的NB4细胞NLS-RARα的表达及定位;FITC—AnnexinV／PI双染色激光共聚焦法检测转染成功的NB4细胞中PNLS-RARα的表达及定位。结果显示,重组腺病毒Ad—NE和阴性对照腺病毒Ad-KZ对NB4细胞的感染效率可达70％～80％。RT-PCR和Westernblot结果显示,感染了重组腺病毒Ad—NLS-RAR的NB4细胞成功表龇基因和NE蛋白,且有NLS．RARa的蛋白表达。用细胞免疫荧光法、激光共聚焦法检测出已感染的NB4细胞中NLS—RARer蛋白的表达,并推测其主要定位于胞核。综上所述,该文成功用重组腺病毒Ad-NE感染NB4细胞,并用Westernblot法、免疫荧光法、激光共聚焦法验证了NLS-RARα蛋白的存在并推测其定位,为进一步研究急性早幼粒细胞白血病的早期诊断及复发监测提供了新的思路。     

HGF／SF-Met signaling in tumor progression

Tumor progression is a multi-step process that requires a sequential selection of specific malignant phenotypes. Met activation may induce different phenotypes depending on tumor stage: inducing proliferation and angiogenesis in primary tumors, stimulating motility to form micrometastases, and regaining the proliferation phenotype to form overt metastases. To study how HGF/SF-induced proliferative phenotypes switch to the invasive phenotype is important for understanding the mechanism of tumor progression and will provide an attractive target for cancer intervention and therapy.     

HGF/MET signaling in ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecological cancers in North America and Europe. Despite its clinical significance, the factors that regulate the development and progression of ovarian cancer are among the least understood of all major human malignancies. A growth factor with pleiotropic effects, which has attracted increasing attention in recent years, is the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor MET. While deregulated HGF/MET signaling is observed in many tumors, the consequences of MET activation are complex and context dependent. Recent observations have demonstrated a cross-talk of other signaling pathways with MET signaling. This review summarizes the key findings and recent advances in our understanding of HGF and MET in the transformation and progression of ovarian cancer. We will begin with a brief discussion on the role of HGF and MET in the physiology of normal ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) and ovarian cancer development. In particular, the coexpression of HGF and MET in OSE of women with hereditary ovarian cancer syndromes emphasizes their importance in neoplastic transformation of OSE. The involvement of HGF in other aspects of tumor progression, such as invasion and metastasis, and novel downstream target genes activated by HGF is summarized next. The therapeutic potential of HGF to treat ovarian cancer and to improve response to conventional chemotherapy is also described. Finally, the most recent progress in drug development and future areas of research in terms of their potential clinical implications are discussed.     

Exogenously administered HGF activator augments liver regeneration through the production of biologically active HGF.

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) plays a crucial role in the recovery of injured liver. Liver functions are mostly impaired in patients with liver diseases including cirrhosis. However, a significant amount of inactive HGF precursor (proHGF) is reported in the plasma of these patients. proHGF is proteolytically converted to an active form (mature HGF) by HGF-activator. Thus conversion of proHGF into mature HGF presumably contributes to the recovery of liver functions. In this study, rats with a partial hepatectomy were used, as proHGF is accumulated in the remnant liver. Recombinant human HGF-activator was administered via the portal vein to investigate the effect on molecular forms of HGF and its biological signaling. rhHGF-activator promptly converted proHGF into mature HGF, reaching maximal levels at 5-10 min after the injection, while the decreased proHGF was quickly recovered to the initial levels in the liver. The HGF receptor/c-Met was found to be autophosphorylated in the liver treated with rhHGF-activator. Further, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index and the liver regeneration rate were significantly higher in rhHGF-activator group than in control animals. These results indicate that exogenously administered HGF-activator produces a biologically active HGF from its precursor form and increases the potential for liver regeneration in vivo.     

Heparanase plays a dual role in driving hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling by enhancing HGF expression and activity

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a heparin-binding cytokine that enhances growth, motility, and angiogenesis of many tumor types, including multiple myeloma where it is often highly expressed. However, little is known regarding what controls HGF level and activity in these tumors. Evaluation of bone marrow biopsies from myeloma patients revealed a strong positive correlation between the levels of HGF and heparanase, an endoglucuronidase known to promote aggressive tumor behavior. In vitro, addition of recombinant heparanase to myeloma cells or transfection of myeloma cell lines with the cDNA for heparanase significantly increased tumor cell expression and secretion of biologically active HGF. Shed syndecan-1, whose levels in myeloma are also enhanced by heparanase expression, binds to secreted HGF. This syndecan-1-HGF complex is active as shown by its ability to stimulate paracrine signaling via c-Met, the cell surface receptor for HGF. Surprisingly, heparanase enzyme activity was not required for up-regulation of HGF expression by the tumor cells. This is in contrast to the heparanase-mediated enhanced syndecan-1 shedding, which does require activity of the enzyme. This suggests that two different functional domains within the heparanase enzyme (the enzyme active site and a separate site) contribute to events leading to enhanced HGF signaling. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism driving the HGF pathway whereby heparanase stimulates an increase in both HGF expression and syndecan-1 shedding to enhance HGF signaling. This work also provides further mechanistic insight into the dynamic role of heparanase in driving aggressive tumor progression.     

Activation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) by endogenous HGF activator is required for metanephric kidney morphogenesis in vitro

The interaction of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) with c-Met has been implicated in morphogenesis of the kidney, lung, mammary gland, liver, placenta, and limb bud. HGF is secreted as an inactive zymogen and must be cleaved by a serine protease to initiate Met signaling. We show here that a serine protease specific for HGF, HGF activator (HGFA), is expressed and activated by the ureteric bud of the developing kidney in vivo and in vitro. Inhibition of HGFA activity with serine protease inhibitors reduced ureteric bud branching and inhibited glomerulogenesis and nephrogenesis. Activated HGF rescued developing kidneys from the effects of inhibitors. HGFA was localized around the tips of the ureteric bud in developing kidneys, while HGF was expressed diffusely throughout the mesenchyme. These data show that expression of HGF is not sufficient for development, but that its activation is also required. The localization of HGFA to the ureteric bud and the mesenchyme immediately adjacent to it suggests that HGFA creates a gradient of HGF activity in the developing kidney. The creation and shape of gradients of activated HGF by the localized secretion of HGF activators could play an important role in pattern formation by HGF responsive tissues.     

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor expression and role of HGF during embryonic mouse testis development

The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor, c-met, transduces the HGF multiple biological activities. During embryonic development the system HGF/c-met regulates the morphogenesis of different organs and tissues. In this study we examined c-met gene expression during mouse testis development and, by means of Northern blot and in situ hybridization, we report the receptor expression pattern. C-met expression is not detectable in male genital ridges isolated from embryos at 11.5 days postcoitum (dpc). In testes isolated from 12.5 and 13.5 dpc, c-met expression is detectable and essentially localized in the developing cords. Male genital ducts do not express c-met at the reported ages, whereas female ducts appear c-met positive. Moreover, we report that HGF is able to induce testicular morphogenesis in vitro. Male genital ridges isolated from embryos at 11.5 dpc are morphologically nonorganized. Culturing 11.5 dpc urogenital ridges in the presence of HGF we obtained testis organization and testicular cord formation. Our data demonstrate that c-met is expressed during the beginning period of testis differentiation and that HGF is able to support testicular differentiation in vitro. All these data indicate that this growth factor, besides its role as mitogenic factor, plays a fundamental role during testicular cord formation probably inducing cell migration and/or cell differentiation.     

HGF and MET mutations in primary and secondary lymphedema

BACKGROUND: Lymphedema is the abnormal accumulation of protein-rich fluid in the interstitial space. Primary lymphedema is a rare genetic condition with both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive modes of inheritance. Three genes, FLT4 (VEGFR3), FOXC2, and SOX18 cause varying forms of primary lymphedema. In industrialized countries, secondary lymphedema is usually associated with cancer therapy and/or trauma. Recent observations suggested that hepatocyte growth factor/high affinity hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGF/MET) were new candidate lymphedema genes. METHODS AND RESULTS: The coding exons and flanking regions of HGF and MET were directly sequenced in 145 lymphedema probands, 59 unrelated women with secondary lymphedema following treatment for breast cancer, 21 individual patients with lymphedema and intestinal lymphangiectasia, and at least 159 unrelated ethnic matched control individuals. Mutations leading to truncation or missense changes in evolutionarily conserved residues of HGF and MET were identified. These mutations were not polymorphic in control individuals. CONCLUSIONS:The identification of HGF/MET mutations in primary lymphedema, lymphedema/lymphangiectasia, and breast cancer-associated secondary lymphedema suggests that the HGF/MET pathway is causal or alters susceptibility for a broad range of lymphedema phenotypes. The HGF/MET pathway provides a new target for the prevention and/or treatment of lymphedema.     

NK4拮抗HGF促进肿瘤细胞凋亡的生物学效应

观察NK4通过拮抗肝细胞生长因子（HGF）诱导不同肿瘤细胞凋亡,研究其生物学作用及分子机制.以足叶乙甙（VP-16）诱导凋亡,分别或经HGF蛋白、NK4蛋白处理5种肿瘤细胞（B细胞淋巴瘤细胞系Raji、人急性粒细胞白血病细胞系HL-60、宫颈癌细胞系HeLa、前列腺癌细胞系PC-3、非小细胞肺癌细胞系A549）,采用流式细胞术（FCM）、吖啶橙 (AO) 染色法、苏木素 伊红（HE）染色法定量观察5种肿瘤细胞的凋亡情况,并进行相关分析. FCM发现,经VP-16处理5种肿瘤细胞凋亡率均显著高于对照组(P<0.001),而HGF+VP-16组凋亡率明显下降(P<0.01),HGF+NK4+VP-16组细胞凋亡率均明显高于HGF+VP-16组(P<0.05). AO染色和HE染色结果也证实,5种肿瘤细胞经VP-16处理后凋亡率均显著增高 (P<0.001,P<0.001),而HGF+VP-16组细胞凋亡率均明显低于VP-16组(P<0.001,P<0.01), HGF+NK4+VP-16组细胞凋亡率均明显高于HGF+VP-16组(P<0.001,P<0.05).此外,发现NK4+VP-16组、HGF+ NK4+VP-16组、VP-16组等3组间凋亡率无统计学差异(P>0.05). 以上结果提示,HGF蛋白可抵抗凋亡诱导剂VP-16的作用, 明显降低细胞凋亡;NK4通过竞争性抑制HGF从而促进肿瘤细胞的凋亡,具有潜在的肿瘤治疗价值.