齿棱茎小蒜-中国新记录种

Allium inutile Makino in Bot.Mag.Tokyo 12：104.1898．- Nothoscordum inutile(Makino)kitamura in Bot.Mag.Tokyo 59：35.1946．     

黄花远志的新齐墩果烷型三萜皂甙

从云南产远志科药用植物黄花远志(PolygalaarillataBuchHamexDDon)茎皮的乙醇提取物中分离得到4个新的齐墩果烷型三萜皂甙,命名为黄花远志皂甙(arillatanoside)A～D。同时还分离得到1个已知的三萜皂甙远志甙(polygalasaponin)XXXV。它们的结构通过波谱方法推定。     

被子植物系统发育研究的现状与展望

为植物界最大的类群—被子植物建立一个能真正反映植物的进化历史和系统发育（phylogeny）的分类系统一直是许多植物系统学家和进化学家所向往的。到目前为止,已经提出的被子植物分类系统至少有二十多个。问题在于这样的分类系统能否说已符合于系统发育的要求？要回答这个问题,首先必须弄清系统发育的真正含义是什么。     

羽叶鬼灯檠中的单萜二糖苷

从羽叶鬼灯檠 (RodgersiapinnataFranch .)的根茎中分离得到 6个单萜二糖苷 ,它们的结构通过波谱方法分别鉴定为 :(E ) 3,7 dimethyl 1 O [α L rhamnopyranosyl (1→ 6 ) β D glu copyranosyl] oct 2 en 7 ol (1) ,(E ) 3,7 dimethyl 1 O [α L arabinofuranosyl (1→ 6 ) β D glucopy ranosyl] oct 2 en 7 ol (2 ) ,geranyl 1 O α L arabinofuranosyl (1→ 6 ) β D glucopyranoside (3) ,gera nyl 1 O α L rhamnopyranosyl (1→ 6 ) β D glucopyranoside (4 ) ,geranyl 1 O β D xylopyranosyl (1→6 ) β D glucopyranoside (5 ) ,geranyl 1 O α L arabinopyranosyl (1→ 6 ) β D glucopyranoside (6 )。其中化合物 1为新化合物 ,单萜二糖苷类化合物系首次在该属中发现。     

慈溪麦冬甙A和B的结构

从浙江慈溪产中药麦冬（Ｏｐｈｉｏｐｏｇｏｎ ｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｍ）中分离得到２个新的Ｃ２７甾体甙－－慈溪麦冬甙Ａ（２）和Ｂ（３）以及已知甙ｏｐｈｉｏｇｅｎｉｎ３－氧－α－Ｌ－鼠李糖吡喃基（１→２）「β－Ｄ－木糖吡喃基（１→３）」－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖吡喃甙（２）和ｏｐｈｉｏｇｅｎｉｎ ３－氧－α－Ｌ－鼠李糖吡喃基（１→２）「β－Ｄ－木糖吡喃基（１→３）」「β－Ｄ－葡萄糖吡喃基（１→４）」－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖吡     

古蔺雪胆中的新三萜皂苷

从采自四川汉源县的古蔺雪胆(Hemsleya penxianensis var.gulinensiks)中分到9个三萜皂苷化合物,通过化学反应和光谱方法鉴定了它们的结构。其中7个为已知化合物,分别为齐墩果酸-28-O-β-D-比喃葡萄糖苷(1),3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛基齐墩果酸苷(3),3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛基—齐墩果酸—28-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(4),3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛基—齐墩果酸—28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5),3-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖基—(1→3)—β—D-吡喃葡萄糖醛基—齐墩果酸—28—O—β—D—吡喃葡萄糖苷(6),3—O—(6′—丁酯)—β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛基—齐墩果酸—28-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖苷(7),3-O-(6′-丁酯)—β—D吡喃葡萄糖醛基—齐墩果酸—28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8)。两个新化合物,即雪胆皂苷A(2)和雪胆皂苷B(9)。     

四种旱生藓类植物的比较结构学观察

对新疆产的4种藓类植物茎、叶的表面及内部结构进行了观察,结果表明：尖叶大帽藓(Encalypta rhabdocarpa Schwaegr.)茎的中部结构类似于种子植物(单子叶)根的内皮层,其茎表皮也有类似于种子植物表皮毛(腺毛)的腺体。在阔叶紫萼藓(Grimmia laevigata (Brid.) Brid.)茎的中轴部,厚角组织发达,数层皮部厚壁组织也很发达。小石藓(Weisia controversa Hedw.)叶中肋之中有小形厚壁细胞。弯叶墙藓(Tortula reflexa Li)的茎呈多棱形,表皮层具很厚的“树皮状”老皮,其叶表皮细胞密被马蹄形及叉状粗疣。这些特征反映了该类群植物由低等向高等演化的趋势,并可作为分类学依据之一。     

桂火绳中化学成分的研究

从梧桐科火绳属桂火绳中提取分离到22个化合物,经结构鉴定为:羽扇豆醇(1),白桦脂酸(2),齐墩果酸(3),丁香脂素(4),(+)-异落叶松树脂醇(5),东莨菪内酯(6),对羟基肉桂酸(7),二十七碳酸单甘油酯(8),2-十八烯酸单甘油酯(9),sitoindosideⅡ(10),儿茶素(11),表儿茶素(12),表儿茶素3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖甙(13),山奈酚3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(14),5,7,4'-三羟基异黄酮(15),4'-O-methylgallocatechin(16),反式-二氢槲皮素-3-O-α-阿拉伯糖甙(17),顺式-二氢槲皮素-3-O-α-阿拉伯糖甙(18),反式-二氢槲皮素-3-O-β-吡喃葡萄糖甙(19),3,5,7,3',5'-五羟基-4'-甲氧基异黄酮(20),山奈酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(6→1)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖甙(21),以及槲皮素3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(6→1)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(22),这些化学成分首次从该属植物中分离出来。     

A New Steroidal Glycoside from Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker-Gawl.

To study the chemical constituents from traditional Chinese herb Ophiopogon japonicus(Thunb.) Ker-Gawl., a new steroidal glycoside, named ophiopojaponin C (1), together with two known ones,was isolated by column chromatography. Spectroscopic and chemical evidence revealed the structures to be ophiopogenin 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)]-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1),diosgenin 3-O-[2-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl( 1 →2)] -β-D-xylopyranosyl( 1 →3)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2),and ruscogenin 1-O-[2-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)]-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)-β-D-fucopyranoside(3).     

半卧狗娃花中的黄酮类化合物

从半卧狗娃花(Heteropappus semiprost Griers)全草的乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了7个黄酮类化合物,通过波谱分析及化学方法鉴定其结构为:3′,4′,5,7-四羟基黄酮(1),3′-甲氧基槲皮素(2),槲皮素-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖甙(3),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖甙(4),异鼠李亭-3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖甙(5),槲皮素-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(6),异鼠李亭-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(7),其中化合物1~5为首次从本属植物中分离得到。     

New pregnane glycosides from Brucea javanica and their antifeedant activity

Three new pregnane glycosides, 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(20R)-pregn-5-ene-3β,20-diol (1), 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(20R)-pregn-5-ene-3β,20-diol-20-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(20R)-pregn-5-ene-3β,20-diol-20-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (3) were isolated along with four known compounds, 4-7, from the leaves and stems of Brucea javanica. Their structures were determined by detailed analyses of 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic data. All of the compounds isolated from Brucea javanica were tested for the antifeedant activities against the larva of Pieris rapae. Compounds 1, 3, and 5 showed significant antifeedant activities after 72 h incubation.     

The Chemical Constituents of Anemone rivulari

A new triterpenoid saponin, anemoside A. was isolated from Anemone rivularis Buch.-Ham. ex DC. Its structure was elucidated as 3-O-[β-D-ribopyranosyl (1→3)-α-L- rhamnopyranosyl (1 -→ 2) -α-L-arabinopyranosyl]-oleanolic acid-E8-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→ 4)-β-D-glucopyranoside by means of chemical methods and 1H-NMR. 13C-NMR, DEPT, MS spectral analyses.     

毛脉酸模根中一新的色原酮苷类化合物

从毛脉酸模根(Rumex gmelini Turcz.)75%乙醇提取物中分离得到1个新色原酮苷和5个已知化合物,应用波谱学方法及文献对照分别鉴定为2,5-dimethyl-7-hydroxychromone-7-O-β-glucopyranoside (1),nepodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2),10-hydroxyaloin A (3),10-hydroxyaloin B (4),5-methoxyl-1(3H)-benzofuranone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5),phenylethyl-O-α-L-arabinopyranosy-(1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6). 其中化合物1为新化合物,3～6首次从酸模属中分离得到,化合物2首次从该植物中分离得到.     

Chemical Constituents of Schisandra rubriflora Rehd.et Wils.

Schisandra rubriflora Rehd. et Wils. is a traditional Chinese medicine. To search for new and bioactive components from traditional Chinese medicines and provide scientific evidence for taxonomy, the chemical constituents ofthe plant were investigated by various column chromatography methods (silica gel,Sephadex LH-20, and RP-18). From the aerial parts ofS. rubriflora, three new megastigmane glycosides,namely (3S, 5R, 6S, 9R)-megastigmane-3, 9-diol 3-O-[α-L-arabionfuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside](1), 7-megastigmene-3-ol-9-one 3-O-[o-L-arabionfuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside] (2), and megastigmane-3α, 4β, 9ξ-triol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), along with 14 known compounds, were isolated.The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic and chemical methods.     

New dammarane-type glucosides as potential activators of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) from Gynostemma pentaphyllum

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key sensor and regulator of glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism throughout the body. Activation of AMPK improves metabolic abnormalities associated with metabolic diseases including obesity and type-2 diabetes. The oriental traditional medicinal herbal plant, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, has shown a wide range of beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. In this study, we found that G. pentaphyllum contains two novel dammarane-type saponins designated as damulin A (1), 2α,3β,12β-trihydroxydammar-20(22)-E,24-diene-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside], and damulin B (2), 2α,3β,12β-trihydroxydammar-20,24-diene-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside], that strongly activate AMPK in cultured L6 myotube cells. Damulins A and B also increased β-oxidation and glucose uptake with increasing GluT4 translocation to the plasma membrane in L6 myotube cells. Taken together our results indicate that activation of AMPK by damulins A and B may contribute to beneficial effect of G. pentaphyllum on glucose and lipid metabolism.     

Studies on the Chemical Components of the Tacca chanteraeri André

A steroidal saponin has been isolated from the roots of Taccachanteraeri Andre', a folk medicine in Yunnan, which identified as diosgenin 3β-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)- O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-( 1 → 3 )-O-β-D-glucopyranoside ( 1 ) with stigmasterol (2) and daucosterin (3). Our studies support I. H. Burkill and A. Takhtajan's idea according to which Taccaceae would be the closest to Dioscoreaceae and be included in Liliales.     

Vomifoliol 9-O-α-arabinofuranosyl (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside from the leaves of Diospyros Kaki stimulates the glucose uptake in HepG2 and 3T3-L1 cells

A novel α-glucosidase inhibitor, vomifoliol 9-O-α-arabinofuranosyl (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, was isolated for the first time from leaves of Diospyros Kaki and its bioactivity analyzed. This inhibitor exhibited strong anti-α-glucosidase activity with an IC50 value of 170.62nM and stimulated a dose-dependent increase in the uptake of a fluorescent d-glucose analog, 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-NBDG), in HepG2 cells at a rate higher than that of insulin controls. It was also found to be associated with adipocyte differentiation and moderate increases in 2-NBDG uptake by 3T3-L1 cells. These findings suggest that vomifoliol 9-O-α-arabinofuranosyl (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside could augment peripheral glucose as an insulin-sensitizing agent against Type 2 diabetes mellitus.     

红背山麻杆化学成分的研究

采用柱色谱技术从红背山麻杆叶子的60％乙醇提取物中分离得到4个黄酮苷和2个其他类化合物.根据理化性质及波谱方法分别鉴定为:芹菜素-6-C-D-葡萄糖苷(1)、芹菜素-7-O-芸香糖苷(2)、芹菜素-7-O-β-(2″-O-α-鼠李糖基)葡萄糖醛酸苷(3)、木犀草素-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖(1→6)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(4)、没食子酸乙酯(5)、β-胡萝卜苷(6).以上化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物1～4为首次从山麻杆属中分离得到的黄酮苷.     

杜鹃属植物区系的研究

已知世界杜鹃属(Rhododendron)植物约967种（种下分类等级未计算在内）。本文基于植物区系学的观点,讨论了属内8个亚属：常绿杜鹃亚属、杜鹃亚属、马银花亚属、映山红亚属、羊踯躅亚属、云间杜鹃亚属、纯白杜鹃亚属、异蕊杜鹃亚属的系统位置、分布式样。分析了系统发育和地理分布上的时间、空间关系。认为常绿杜鹃亚属和杜鹃亚属是在本属植物起源后的早期阶段就沿不同途径迁徙、繁衍的两个演化枝。自第三纪以来,它们的性状发展多样,种系高度分化。在现存类群中最具原始性状的亚属是常绿杜鹃亚属,这个亚属的云锦杜鹃亚组Subsect.Fortunea,耳叶杜鹃亚组Subsect.Auriculata 保持较多原始性状。种的分布遍及欧洲、北美洲、亚洲、大洋洲(有1种),东亚种类最多,马来西亚次之。中国-喜马拉雅地区既是多度中心又是多样化中心,马来西亚仅是多度中心。大多数种为地方特有性分布,特有现象十分突出,东亚和马来西亚的特有种共约862种,占种总数的89%以上中国有6个亚属(Candidastrum,Mumeazalea不产)约562种,其中特有种约405种。分析第三纪的化石记录,杜鹃属在全球分布的时间、地点,杜鹃属保持原始或古老性状的类群的现代适生地,认为中国西南至中国中部最有可能是杜鹃属植物的起源地,始祖类群起源的时间会是在晚白垩纪至早第三纪。讨论了杜鹃属在第三纪至第四纪向北半球北部的传布,向亚洲西南、亚洲东南和向东亚的传布以及向大洋洲的传布。从杜鹃属在全球传布的现象和途径,看来现代分布格局形成的原因取决于三方面的因素：时间和窨历史对植物繁衍、传播有着重要制约作用,并受制于植物种系自身具有的遗传性和对环境强烈变化的反应能力。     

龙舌兰发酵叶汁中的一个新甾体皂苷

从龙舌兰（Agave americana)的发酵叶汁中分离到一个新甾体皂苷。结合波谱和化学方法,新化合物的结构鉴定为替告皂苷元3－O－α－L－鼠李吡喃糖基－（1→3)－β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基－（1→2）-[β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基－（1→3)-β－D－葡萄吡喃糖基－（1→4）－β－D－半乳吡喃糖苷。