Biotransformation of dehydroepiandrosterone with Macrophomina phaseolina and β-glucuronidase inhibitory activity of transformed products

The biotransformation of dehydroepiandrosterone (1) with Macrophomina phaseolina was investigated. A total of eight metabolites were obtained which were characterized as androstane-3,17-dione (2), androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (3), androst-4-ene-17β-ol-3-one (4), androst-4,6-diene-17β-ol-3-one (5), androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol (6), androst-4-ene-3β-ol-6,17-dione (7), androst-4-ene-3β,7β,17β-triol (8), and androst-5-ene-3β,7α,17β-triol (9). All the transformed products were screened for enzyme inhibition, among which four were found to inhibit the β-glucuronidase enzyme, while none inhibited the α-chymotrypsin enzyme.     

Steered molecular dynamics simulation of the binding of the β2 and β3 regions in domain-swapped human cystatin C dimer

The crystal structure of the human cystatin C (hCC) dimer revealed that a stable twofold-symmetric dimer was formed via 3D domain swapping. Domain swapping with the need for near-complete unfolding has been proposed as a possible route for amyloid fibril initiation. Thus, the interesting interactions that occur between the two molecules may be important for the further aggregation of the protein. In this work, we performed steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations to investigate the dissociation of the β2 and β3 strands in the hCC dimer. The energy changes observed during the SMD simulations showed that electrostatic interactions were the dominant interactions involved in stabilizing the two parts of the dimer during the early stages of SMD simulation, whereas van der Waals (VDW) interactions and electrostatic interactions were equally matched during the latter stages. Furthermore, our data indicated that the two parts of the dimer are stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonds among the residues Arg51 (β2), Gln48 (β2), Asp65 (β3), and Glu67 (β3), salt bridges among the residues Arg53 (β2), Arg51 (β2), and Asp65 (β3), and VDW interactions among the residues Gln48 (β2), Arg51 (β2), Glu67 (β3), Asp65 (β3), Phe63 (β3), and Asn61 (β3). The residues Gln48 (β2), Arg51 (β2), Asp65 (β3) and Glu67 (β3) appear to be crucial, as they play important roles in both electrostatic and VDW interactions. Thus, the present study determined the key residues involved in the stabilization of the domain-swapped dimer structure, and also provided molecular-level insights into the dissociation process of the hCC dimer.     

Pyroglutamate amyloid β (Aβ) aggravates behavioral deficits in transgenic amyloid mouse model for Alzheimer disease

Pyroglutamate-modified Aβ peptides at amino acid position three (Aβ(pE3-42)) are gaining considerable attention as potential key players in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). Aβ(pE3-42) is abundant in AD brain and has a high aggregation propensity, stability and cellular toxicity. The aim of the present work was to study the direct effect of elevated Aβ(pE3-42) levels on ongoing AD pathology using transgenic mouse models. To this end, we generated a novel mouse model (TBA42) that produces Aβ(pE3-42). TBA42 mice showed age-dependent behavioral deficits and Aβ(pE3-42) accumulation. The Aβ profile of an established AD mouse model, 5XFAD, was characterized using immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry. Brains from 5XFAD mice demonstrated a heterogeneous mixture of full-length, N-terminal truncated, and modified Aβ peptides: Aβ(1-42), Aβ(1-40), Aβ(pE3-40), Aβ(pE3-42), Aβ(3-42), Aβ(4-42), and Aβ(5-42). 5XFAD and TBA42 mice were then crossed to generate transgenic FAD42 mice. At 6 months of age, FAD42 mice showed an aggravated behavioral phenotype compared with single transgenic 5XFAD or TBA42 mice. ELISA and plaque load measurements revealed that Aβ(pE3) levels were elevated in FAD42 mice. No change in Aβ(x)(-42) or other Aβ isoforms was discovered by ELISA and mass spectrometry. These observations argue for a seeding effect of Aβ(pE-42) in FAD42 mice.     

金铁锁的新三萜皂甙

从金铁锁（Psammosilene tunicoides W.C.Wu et C.Y.Wu)根部分离得到5个齐墩果烷型五环三萜皂苷,它们的结构通过波谱和化学方法分别鉴定为：3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-gypsogenin(1),3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-gypsogenin(2),3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyra-nosyl-gypsogenin-28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-fucopyranoside(LobatosideI,3),3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucuronopyranosylgypsogenin-28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-fucopyranoside(4),3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→）-β-D-glucuro-nopyranosyl-grpsogenin-28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-6-O-acetylglucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucuro-nopyranosyl-gypsogenin-28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-6-O-acetylglucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-L-rh-amnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-fucopyranoside(5),其中5为新化合物,1和2为首次从自然界中分离得到。     

The addition of hypobromous acid to 3β,17β-diacetoxy-4-estrene and an equilibration study involving neighboring group participation by the a-ring acetoxy group

The reaction of 3β,17β-diacetoxy-4-estrene with N-bromoacetamide in a two phase ether/water solvent mixture gave 5-bromo-4β,17β-diacetoxy-5α-estran-3β-ol as the major product (75%). Four minor products were also isolated and identified. These were: 4α-bromo-3β, 17β-diacetoxy-5α-estran-5-ol (5%), 5-bromo-3g,17β-diacetoxy-5α-estran-4β-ol (6%), 5-bromo-4α,17β-diacetoxy-5αt-estran-3β-ol (3%), and 4β-bromo-3β,17β-diacetoxy-5α-estran-5-ol (4%). The 5-bromo-4β, 17β-diacetoxy-5α-estran-3β-ol was equilibrated by heating with oxalic acid in refluxing benzene for $\text{ca}$. 16h to give a mixture of it and 5-broino-3β,17β-diacetoxy-5α-estran-4β-ol in the ratio of 16:84 respectively. A similar equilibration mixture (14:86) was obtained under identical conditions when 5-bromo-3β,17β-diacetoxy-5α-estran-4β-ol was the starting material.     

New cyclodextrin derivative 6-O-(2-hydroxybutyl)-β-cyclodextrin: preparation and its application in molecular binding and recognition

A new soluble cyclodextrin derivative 6-O-(2-hydroxybutyl)-β-cyclodextrin (6-HB-β-CD) was prepared. Its molecular binding and recognition ability were investigated with the comparison of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), 2-O-(2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (2-HP-β-CD), 6-O-(2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (6-HP-β-CD), and 2-O-(2-hydroxybutyl)-β-cyclodextrin (2-HB-β-CD). The relationship between the complex stability constants and the possible structures of inclusion compounds was discussed with the interaction of hosts and guests, including the weak hydrophobic interactions, the size/shape matching, the steric hindrance, and the hydrophilic property.     

Sterols of Agarum cribosum: desmosterol in a brown alga

The sterol composition of the cold water brown alga Agarum cribosum was determined by GC—MS. Six of the seven sterols found were identified as stigmata-5,(E)-24(28)-dien-3β-ol (fucosterol), 24-methylenecholest-5-en-3β-ol (24-methylenecholesterol), cholest-5-en-3β-ol (cholesterol), 3β-hydroxycholest-5-en-24-one (24-ketocholesterol), 24ξ-stigmasta-5,28-diene-3β,24-diol (saringosterol) and cholesta-5, 24-dien-3β-ol (desmosterol).     

Microbial β-Galactosidases of industrial importance: Computational studies on the effects of point mutations on the lactose hydrolysis reaction

Hydrolysis efficiency of β-galactosidases is affected due to a strong inhibition by galactose, hampering the complete lactose hydrolysis. One alternative to reduce this inhibition is to perform mutations in the enzyme's active site. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of point mutations on the active site of different microbial β-galactosidases, using computational techniques. The enzymes of Aspergillus niger (AnβGal), Aspergillus oryzae (AoβGal), Bacillus circulans (BcβGal), Bifidobacterium bifidum (BbβGal), and Kluyveromyces lactis (KlβGal) were used. The mutations were carried out in all residues that were up to 4.5 Å from the galactose/lactose molecules and binding energy was computed. The mutants Tyr96Ala (AnβGal), Asn140Ala and Asn199Ala (AoβGal), Arg111Ala and Glu355Ala (BcβGal), Arg122Ala and Phe358Ala (BbβGal), Tyr523Ala, Phe620Ala, and Trp582Ala (KlβGal) had the best results, with higher effect on galactose binding energy and lower effect on lactose affinity. To maximize enzyme reactions by reducing galactose affinity, double mutations were proposed for BcβGal, BbβGal, and KlβGal. The double mutations in BcβGal and BbβGal caused the highest reduction in galactose affinity, while no satisfactory results were observed to KlβGal. Using computational tools, mutants that reduced galactose affinity without significantly affecting lactose binding were proposed. The mutations proposed can be used to reduce the negative feedback process, improving the catalytic characteristics of β-galactosidases and rendering them promising for industrial applications.     

中国红豆杉中一个新的紫杉烷二萜

从中国红豆杉(Taxus chinensis)枝叶中分离得到4个紫杉烷二萜,通过波谱分析分别确定为：1β-羟基-2α,7β-二去乙酰基巴卡亭I(1),1β-羟基巴卡亭I(2),2α,5α,7β,9α,10β,13α-六乙酰氧基紫杉-4(20),11-二烯(3)和2-去乙酰氧基-5-去肉桂酰taxinine J(4)其中化合物1为新化合物。     

白粉藤的木脂素和三萜成分

从白粉藤（Cissus repens Lank）地上部分分离得到5个木脂素和8个三萜,其中一个木脂素是新化合物,它的结构通过波谱分析和碱水解的方法鉴定为：（＋）-异落叶松树脂醇-9′-（2-对-香豆酰）-O-β-D-吡喃木糖苷（1）。其余化合物分别是：（＋）-异落叶松树脂醇-9′-O-β-D-吡喃木糖苷（2）,（＋）-Lyoniside（3）,（—）-开环异落叶松树脂醇-9-O-β-D-吡喃木糖苷（4）,（7′R,8′S）-4′-hydroxy-3′,5-dimethoxy-7,8′-dihydrobenzofuran-1-propanolneolignan-9′-O-β-D-xylopyranoside（5）,木栓酮（6）,表木栓醇（7）,蒲公英赛醇乙酸酯（8）,熊果酸（9）,2α-羟基乌索酸（10）,积雪草酸（11）,Niga-ichigoside F1（12）,羽扇豆醇（13）。这些化合物都是首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Chemical structures of oligosaccharides in milks of the American black bear (Ursus americanus americanus) and cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)

The milk oligosaccharides were studied for two species of the Carnivora: the American black bear (Ursus americanus, family Ursidae, Caniformia), and the cheetah, (Acinonyx jubatus, family Felidae, Feliformia). Lactose was the most dominant saccharide in cheetah milk, while this was a minor saccharide and milk oligosaccharides predominated over lactose in American black bear milk. The structures of 8 neutral saccharides from American black bear milk were found to be Gal(β1–4)Glc (lactose), Fuc(α1–2)Gal(β1–4)Glc (2′-fucosyllactose), Gal(α1–3)Gal(β1–4)Glc (isoglobotriose), Gal(α1–3)[Fuc(α1–2)]Gal(β1–4)Glc (B-tetrasaccharide), Gal(α1–3)[Fuc(α1–2)]Gal(β1–4)[Fuc(α1–3)]Glc (B-pentasaccharide), Fuc(α1–2)Gal(β1–4)[Fuc(α1–3)]GlcNAc(β1–3)Gal(β1–4)Glc (difucosyl lacto-N-neotetraose), Gal(α1–3)Gal(β1–4)[Fuc(α1–3)]GlcNAc(β1–3)Gal(β1–4)Glc (monogalactosyl monofucosyl lacto-N-neotetraose) and Gal(α1–3)Gal(β1–4)GlcNAc(β1–3)Gal(β1–4)Glc (Galili pentasaccharide). Structures of 5 acidic saccharides were also identified in black bear milk: Neu5Ac(α2–3)Gal(β1–4)Glc (3′-sialyllactose), Neu5Ac(α2–6)Gal(β1–4)GlcNAc(β1–3)[Fuc(α1–2)Gal(β1–4)GlcNAc(β1–6)]Gal(β1–4)Glc (monosialyl monofucosyl lacto-N-neohexaose), Neu5Ac(α2–6)Gal(β1–4)GlcNAc(β1–3)[Gal(α1–3)Gal(β1–4)GlcNAc(β1–6)]Gal(β1–4)Glc (monosialyl monogalactosyl lacto-N-neohexaose), Neu5Ac(α2–6)Gal(β1–4)GlcNAc(β1–3){Gal(α1–3)Gal(β1–4)[Fuc(α1–3)]GlcNAc(β1–6)}Gal(β1–4)Glc (monosialyl monogalactosyl monofucosyl lacto-N-neohexaose), and Neu5Ac(α2–6)Gal(β1–4)GlcNAc(β1–3){Gal(α1–3)[Fuc(α1–2)]Gal(β1–4)[Fuc(α1–3)]GlcNAc(β1–6)}Gal(β1–4)Glc (monosialyl monogalactosyl difucosyl lacto-N-neohexaose). A notable feature of some of these milk oligosaccharides is the presence of B-antigen (Gal(α1–3)[Fuc(α1–2)]Gal), α-Gal epitope (Gal(α1–3)Gal(β1–4)Glc(NAc)) and Lewis x (Gal(β1–4)[Fuc(α1–3)]GlcNAc) structures within oligosaccharides. By comparison to American black bear milk, cheetah milk had a much smaller array of oligosaccharides. Two cheetah milks contained Gal(α1–3)Gal(β1–4)Glc (isoglobotriose), while another cheetah milk did not, but contained Gal(β1–6)Gal(β1–4)Glc (6′-galactosyllactose) and Gal(β1–3)Gal(β1–4)Glc (3′-galactosyllactose). Two cheetah milks contained Gal(β1–4)GlcNAc(β1–3)[Gal(β1–4)GlcNAc(β1–6)]Gal(β1–4)Glc (lacto-N-neohexaose), and one cheetah milk contained Gal(β1–4)Glc-3’-O-sulfate. Neu5Ac(α2–8)Neu5Ac(α2–3)Gal(β1–4)Glc (disialyllactose) was the only sialyl oligosaccharide identified in cheetah milk. The heterogeneity of milk oligosaccharides was found between both species with respect of the presence/absence of B-antigen and Lewis x. The variety of milk oligosaccharides was much greater in the American black bear than in the cheetah. The ratio of milk oligosaccharides-to-lactose was lower in cheetah (1:1–1:2) than American black bear (21:1) which is likely a reflection of the requirement for a dietary supply of N-acetyl neuraminic acid (sialic acid), in altricial ursids compared to more precocial felids, given the role of these oligosaccharides in the synthesis of brain gangliosides and the polysialic chains on neural cell adhesion.

     

Synthesis and Taste of Some Dihydrochalcone Glycosides

Hesperetin-7-β-maltoside (V), -7-β-cellobioside (VI) and -7-β-lactoside (VII) were prepared by the coupling of hesperetin with the α-acetobromo derivatives of the appropriate disaccharides, followed by saponification. V was showed to be as sweet as glucose.

Naringenindihydrochalcone-4′-β-sophoroside (VIII), -4′-[β-d-glucosyl (1→2) β-d-galactoside] (IX) and also hesperetindihydrochalcone-4′-β-kojibioside (X), -4′-β-maltoside (XI), -4′-β-cellobioside (XII) and -4′-β-lactoside (XIII) were prepared by the catalytic reduction of the appropriate flavanone-7-β-glycosides in alkaline medium.

Their relative sweetness values were discussed in comparison with dihydrochalcones of naringin and neohesperidin.     

调节TGF-β1/Smad信号通路对内质网应激状态下肝癌HepG2细胞凋亡的影响

目的: 探讨TGF-β1/Smad信号通路对内质网应激(ERS)状态下肝癌HepG2细胞凋亡的影响机制。方法: 首先建立内质网应激模型:以3 μmol/L的衣霉素(TM)处理人肝癌HepG2细胞株24 h,诱导细胞发生ERS。实验分为6组,每组3个复孔,实验重复3次,6组分别为:Untreated组(未处理组)、TM组(3 μmol/L TM处理组)、TM+NC组(3 μmol/L TM+si-TGF-β1阴性对照组)、TM+si-TGF-β1组(3 μmol/L TM+si-TGF-β1组)、TM+pEX-3组(3 μmol/L TM+质粒对照组)及TM+TGF-β1 pEX-3组(3 μmol/L TM+TGF-β1过表达质粒组),利用脂质体的方法将TGF-β1小干扰RNA(si-TGF-β1)及TGF-β1过表达质粒(TGF-β1 pEX-3)转染入HepG2细胞,转染24 h后,利用RT-qPCR和Western blot检测各组HepG2细胞TGF-β1/Smad信号通路相关因子TGF-β1、p-Smad2表达的情况;CCK-8和流式细胞术分别检测各组HepG2细胞增殖抑制率和凋亡率变化情况。结果: 与Untreated组相比,TM组细胞的TGF-β1及p-Smad2的表达明显降低(P＜0.05);与TM组相比,TM+si-TGF-β1组细胞的TGF-β1及p-Smad2的表达和细胞的增殖抑制率、凋亡率显著降低(P＜0.01),而TM+TGF-β1 pEX-3组细胞的TGF-β1及p-Smad2的表达和细胞增殖抑制率、凋亡率显著升高(P＜0.01)。结论: TGF-β1/Smad信号通路在肝癌HepG2细胞发生ERS后受到抑制,当该通路被激活后,ERS状态下肝癌HepG2细胞的凋亡率显著升高。     

Constituents of Aristolochia cinnabarina

Nine compounds, aristolochic acid (1), aristolochic acid- Ⅱ (2), aristolochic acid- Ⅲ a (3), aristoloside (4), aristolactam-N-β-D-glucoside (5), aristolactam-β-D-glucoside (6), tuberosinone (7), tuberosinone N-β-D-glucoside (8) and 6-O-p-coumaroyl-D-glucopyranose (9), were isolated from methanol extracts of fresh roots of Aristolochia cinnabarina. Among them, compound 9 was reported in Aristolochiaceae for the first time.     

锐尖山香圆叶中三萜类成分的研究

从锐尖山香圆(Turpinia arguta (Lindl.) Seem.)叶中分离得到了11个三萜类化合物。通过光谱分析,分别鉴定其结构为熊果酸(1), 3β,6β,23-trihydroxy-12-oleanen-28-oic acid (2), 3β,6β,23-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (3), 3β,6β,19α,23-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (4), 1 α, 3β,23-trihydroxy-12-oleanen-28-oic acid (5), arjunglucoside II (6), rosamultin (7), 3β-O-β-D-glucopyranoylcincholic acid (8), cinchonaglycoside C (9), mussaendoside S (10) 和3β-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl quinovic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (11)。除化合物1和6,其它化合物均为首次从山香圆叶中分离得到。     

Flavonol glycosides from Securidaca diversifolia

Twelve flavonol glycosides have been isolated from the leaves of Securidaca diversifolia. The separation of ten quercetin 3-glycosides and two kaempferol 3-glycosides was achieved by droplet counter-current chromatography (DCCC), preparative reversed-phase chromatography and gel chromatography. The structures were established on the basis of partial and total acid hydrolysis and spectral data (UV, ¹³C NMR, FAB, MS, D/CI MS). The four apiosides: quercetin 3-(2″-β-D-apiofuranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside), 3-(2″-β-D-apiofuranosyl-β-D-galactoside), 3-(2″-β-D-apiofuranosyl-α-L-arabinopyranoside) and 3-(2″-β-D-apiofuranosyl-β-D-xylopyranoside) are new natural products. The structure of kaempferol 3-(2″-β-D-apiofuranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside), previously isolated from Cicer arietinum, is confirmed.     

Expression of transforming growth factor-β isoforms in the rat male accessory sex organs and epididymis

We studied the expression and distribution of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) isoforms in the rat male accessory sex glands and the epididymis. Our data demonstrate the expression of both TGF-β1 and -β3 isoforms in ventral prostate (VP), seminal vesicle (SV), coagulating gland (CG), and epididymis (E) by Northern blot analysis. In addition, there was differential expression of TGF-β3 in the three regions of epididymis, the corpus region being the highest. Immunostaining data showed intense staining for latent TGF-β1 in all the male accessory glands. In contrast, no staining using antibodies specific for active TGF-β1 was observed. No expression of TGF-β2 was evident either by immunohistochemistry or Northern blot analysis. The presence of mature TGF-β3 protein was observed in the secretory epithelium of VP, CG, and corpus E. There was no detectable staining of TGF-β3 in the seminal vesicle and caput and cauda regions of epididymis. These data suggest possible differential regulation of TGF-β isoform expression in the male reproductive system and predict unique roles for individual TGF-β isoforms in sperm maturation and maintenance.     

New steroidal lactones as 5α-reductase inhibitors and antagonists for the androgen receptor

This study reports the synthesis of several new steroidal lactones: 5α,6β-dibromo-17a-oxa-D-homoandrostane-3β-yl-3'-oxapentanoate (11), 5α,6β-dibromo-17a-oxa-D-homoandrostane-3β-yl-propanoate (12), 5α,6β-dibromo-17a-oxa-D-homoandrostane-3β-yl-butanoate (13), 5α,6β-dibromo-17a-oxa-D-homoandrostane-3β-yl-pentanoate (14), 5α,6β-dibromo-17a-oxa-D-homoandrostane-3β-yl-hexanoate (15), 17a-oxa-D-homoandrost-5-en-17-one-3β-yl-3'-oxapentanoate (16), 17a-oxa-D-homoandrost-5-en-17-one-3β-yl-propanoate (17), 17a-oxa-D-homoandrost-5-en-17-one-3β-yl-butanoate (18), 17a-oxa-D-homoandrost-5-en-17-one-3β-yl-pentanoate (19) and 17a-oxa-D-homoandrost-5-en-17-one-3β-yl-hexanoate (20) with a therapeutic potential as antiandrogens. The biological effect of these steroids was demonstrated in in vivo as well as in vitro experiments. In the in vivo experiments, we measured the activity of ten new steroidal derivatives on the weight of the prostate and seminal vesicle glands of gonadectomized hamsters treated with testosterone. For the in vitro studies, we determined the IC(50) values by measuring the concentration of the steroidal derivatives that inhibits 50% of the activity of the 5α-reductase enzyme present in human prostate and also its binding capacity to the androgen receptors (AR) obtained from rat's prostate cytosol. The results from these experiments indicated that compounds 11-20, significantly decreased the weight of the prostate and seminal vesicles as compared to testosterone treated animals; this reduction of the weight of these glands was comparable to that produced by Finasteride. On the other hand, compounds 11-20 inhibited the enzyme 5α-reductase, with compounds 14-19 (IC(50) values of 4.2 ± 0.95, 0.025 ± 0.003, 1.2 ± 0.45, 1.2 ± 0.1, 0.028 ± 0.003, and 0.069 ± 0.005 nM, respectively) showing the highest inhibitory activity. The results from the in vitro experiments indicated that only 15-17 bind to the AR.     

金鱼藻的化学成分

从金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum L.)全草的乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了其中7个,分别为:苜蓿素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(1) , naringenin-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2) ,七叶内酯(3) ,β-谷甾醇(4) , 7α-羟基-β-谷甾醇(5) , 7α-甲氧基-β-谷甾醇(6) ,十六碳脂肪酸(7)。化合物(3)为首次从金鱼藻中分离得到。