侵染西番莲属(Passiflora)植物的五个黄瓜花叶病毒分离物的特性比较

从紫果西番莲（Ｐａｓｉｆｌｏｒａｅｄｕｌｉｓ）、杂交种西番莲（Ｐ．ｅｄｕｌｉｓＸＰ．ｅｄｕｌｉｓｖａｒ．ｆｌａｖｉｃａｒｐａ）、黄果西番莲（Ｐ．ｅｄｕｌｉｓｖａｒ．ｆｌａｖｉｃａｒｐａ）、转心莲（Ｐ．ｃａｅｒｕｌｅａ）及龙珠果（Ｐ．ｆｏｅｔｉｄａ）分离到的５个黄瓜花叶病毒（ＣＭＶ）分离物（ＰＥ、ＰＥ２、ＰＥｆ、ＰＣ、ＰＦ）所作的生物学性质、理化特性和血清学关系的比较研究结果表明,５个分离物在寄主反应及血清学性质上存在不同,而在病毒粒体形态、体外抗性、蚜虫传毒和病毒外壳蛋白分子量方面无明显差异。根据５个分离物的寄主反应和血清学关系,可将其区分为ＣＭＶ的两个亚组,其中ＰＥ、ＰＥ２、ＰＣ和ＰＦ属ＣＭＶ亚组Ｉ,ＰＥｆ属ＣＭＶ亚组Ｉ。     

Natural and experimental simian cytomegalovirus infections at a primate center

Simian cytomegalovirus infections were studied in captive, naturally infected primates and in experimentally infected rhesus monkeys. Neutralizing antibody to simian cytomegalovirus was prevalent in selected species of Old World Monkeys. Naturally infected, rhesus monkeys shed virus in their urine during the entire two-year period of study. Similarly, experimentally infected rhesus monkeys showed neutralizing antibody and viruria for more than two years. The indirect fluorescent antibody procedure was found more sensitive than the neutralization antibody technique but appeared less specific for antibody to cytomegalovirus strains.     

黄瓜花叶病毒和烟草花叶病毒在双抗转基因线辣椒内的增殖

本试验以转化CMV-CP和TMV-CP基因的转基因线辣椒纯合系植株作为研究试材,比较了单独 或混合接种CMV和TMV后,转化线辣椒的抗病性表达特点,并测定了两种病毒在植株体内的病 毒含量.结果表明转化线辣椒不仅能抵抗CMV和TMV的单独侵染,而且还能抵抗CMV和TMV的 复合侵染.转化线辣椒表现为系统症状延迟出现7-15d,显症株率和病害严重度级别大幅度降低, CMV和TMV在接种叶、新生叶中的病毒含量明显减低.转基因线辣椒原生质体作为研究试材接 种CMV,测定病毒含量结果表明CMV病毒的增殖在转基因线辣椒原生质体内受到明显抑制. 在CMV接种浓度为40μg/mL,感染原生质体48h后,CP(-)植株原生质体内CMV是CP(+)的4.2倍 .这一结果揭示了转基因线辣椒具有抑制病毒增殖的抗病性.     

Effect of mTOR inhibitors during CMV disease in kidney transplant recipients: Results of a pilot retrospective study

mTOR inhibitors exert a preventive effect on cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in CMV seropositive (R+) kidney transplant recipients, but their impact during the curative treatment of CMV disease in high-risk kidney transplant recipients has not been investigated. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of mTOR inhibitors compared with mycophenolic acid in 63 consecutive kidney transplant recipients (80% of D+R−) suffering from CMV disease with a persistent or a recurrent CMV DNAemia. In this monocentric retrospective study, 16 had their treatment converted to mTOR inhibitors and 47 did not. The Kaplan–Meier curves did not show any significant differences in CMV DNAemia eradication (77% vs. 88% respectively; hazard ratio (HR), 1.648 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.913–2.973]; log-rank test, P = .132), DNAemia recurrence (36% vs. 47%; HR, 1.517 [95% CI, 0.574–4.007]; log-rank test, P = .448) and CMV clinical recurrence (17% vs. 27%; HR, 1.375 [95% CI, 0.340–5.552]; log-rank test, P = .677) between patients who received mTOR inhibitors and those who did not. These results were confirmed in uni- and multivariate time-dependent Cox regressions. In summary, conversion from mycophenolic acid to mTOR inhibitors seems inadequate for improving CMV clearance or in better preventing CMV recurrences during severe or persistent CMV disease.     

矮牵牛病毒病的初步研究

矮牵牛是一种草本花卉,主要用来布置花坛,但病毒侵染却严重地影响其观赏价值。国内外有关危害矮牵牛的病毒报道较多［１,２］,但较系统研究矮牵牛病毒病的报道较少,本文从矮牵牛病毒鉴定、优势病毒种类确定及防治矮牵牛病毒病进行了初步研究,现报道如下：材料与方法...     

The significance of cytomegalovirus infection over the clinical course of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

The significance of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections developed over the clinical course of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) were evaluated in relation to the patient survival rate, ATL activity and immunocompetent cells. ATLL patients with CMV infections on admission exhibited a poor survival rate, while patients with CMV infections at any time after admission survived longer than those not infected with this virus. ATLL patients who exhibited a numbers of CMV infection on admission showed higher ATL activity and had lower numbers of CD8-positive and CD56-positive cells than those who developed CMV infections at any time after admission. Therefore, it appears likely that patients with CMV infections on admission were in an immunosuppressive state due to aggressive ATL activity.     

侵染香蕉的黄瓜花叶病毒分离物衣壳蛋白的肽链分析

香蕉花叶病为华南香蕉生产的重要限制因素之一［‘1。特别是随着组培苗应用面积的扩大,发生越来越严重,一般地块发病率为20—40％,个别重病地块高达90％,损失严重。此病病原虽在1930年【’1就被鉴定为黄瓜花叶病毒（Cucumbermosaicvirus,CMV）,但至今对其研究不多。从有限的文献看,大多数作者【’·’嘟认为其病原为CMV的一个株系,即香蕉株系。但也有认为为二个株系［‘］、或三个株系的［’］。因此有关病原的调查鉴定就成为当前迫切需要解决的一个重要问题。1991～1993年我｛I’J在广东省广州市天河和黄埔区,以及顺德、番禹…     

Heat denaturation increases the sensitivity of the cytomegalovirus loop‐mediated isothermal amplification method

A new protocol for CMV LAMP with an additional heat denaturation step was developed. While the sensitivity of the original CMV LAMP method was 500 copies/tube, sensitivity was increased by up to 100 copies/tube by additional heat denaturation. CMV DNA was detected in 103 of 350 samples (29.4%) by the original CMV LAMP procedure and 148 of 350 samples (42.3%) by the new CMV LAMP protocol. When the pp65 antigenemia assay was used as the standard method, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of the new protocol were 92.9%, 77.7%, 62.2%, and 96.5%, respectively.     

侵染香蕉的黄瓜花叶病毒株系的血清学特征

香蕉花叶病三类不同症状,即断续条纹类（BS）、连续条纹类（CS）和斑驳类（MM）在田间广泛存在,经过血清学、生物学、核酸斑点杂交和反转录聚合酶链反应,已确定它们都由黄瓜花叶病毒（Cucumberm。。i。virus,CMV）所弓愧f’］。这三类症状分离物在鉴别寄主、粒子形态、粒子电泳相对迁移率以及在西葫芦（CI;curbitafor）和烟草（Nicotianatabacumcv．HV38）上增殖和运转动力学的特征也表现不同［’］。这些不同可能揭示了香蕉三类分离物分属不同的株系。血清学是鉴定和研究CMV株系间亲缘关系的重要依据。大量文献【’,‘1报道…     

育龄妇女和母婴巨细胞病毒感染的流行病学调查

我们应用ＥＬＩＳＡ技术和ＰＣＲ技术对武汉市地区１０５１名育龄妇女和１　９　５对母婴的巨细胞病毒感染进行了血清流行病学调查。结果表明：１２４６名受检妇女ＣＭＶ　ＩｇＭ和　ＩｇＧ抗体阳性率分别为３．６％和８２．２％。１９５对母婴有２０名产妇尿中ＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性,所生子女中　有３名尿中ＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性,相关率为１５％。受检妇女中９８名有不良孕产史,其ＣＭＶ　ＩｇＭ和ＩｇＧ抗　体阳性率与无不良孕产史妇女比较均有显著性差异（ｐ＜０．０１）。     

Detection of Single Nucleotide Variations in Viral RNA Populations by Primer Extension

A method for identifying and differentiating between two highly similar sequence variants in the cucumber mosaic virus RNA 5 population is described. The technique is based on the use of different primers with 3 terminal mismatches for primer extension analysis. Primers varied in their length, number of 3 mismatches, and sequence context of the mismatch. The results indicate that the size of the primer is critically important to the ability of this method to differentiate between highly similar RNAs. This technique should prove very useful for the genetic analysis of characteristics that are determined by single nucleotide variations in viral RNA genomes.Abbreviations: nt, nucleotide; CMV, cucumber mosaic virus.     

豚鼠妊娠期感染巨细胞病毒的研究

本实验观察了豚鼠巨细胞病毒感染对怀孕豚鼠的影响。从皮下和心腔接种病毒感染动物,接种病毒的时间在动物妊娠早期。接种病毒后,二组动物都出现病毒血症,从动物的脾、肺和唾液腺均分离到病毒。病毒在唾液腺持续存在。皮下接种组和心腔接种组各有38％和44％的孕鼠的胚胎感染了病毒,各有27％和25％的孕鼠发生流产,皮下接种组还有63％的孕鼠怀有死胎。本实验为研究巨细胞病毒感染提供了动物模型,证实了血源途径也可以引起豚鼠的先天性巨细胞病毒感染。     

微生态制剂辅助治疗婴儿巨细胞病毒肝炎的疗效观察

目的观察微生态制剂辅助治疗婴儿巨细胞病毒肝炎的疗效。方法巨细胞病毒肝炎婴儿74例,随机分为2组。对照组给予常规保肝治疗;治疗组给予常规治疗+乐托尔1粒Bid口服。疗程2周,比较TB(总胆红素)、DB(结合胆红素)、ALT(谷丙转氨酶)和AST(谷草转氨酶)变化。结果治疗组TB、DB和AST较对照组明显降低(P<0.05)。结论微生态制剂辅助治疗婴儿巨细胞病毒肝炎有一定的疗效。     

Cytomegalovirus Disease in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Single-Center Experience

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common viral infection following kidney transplant, has been recognized as a major factor for graft loss and increased incidence of acute rejection. Different studies have reported a variable incidence of CMV disease with the use of Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). We retrospectively analyzed our renal transplant recipients to review the results of CMV disease and to compare CMV disease in patient on Azathioprine and MMF for this purpose we retrospectively reviewed 521 live related kidney transplant recipients at our institute. 74 (14.2 %) live related allograft recipients developed CMV disease after a median interval of 7.18 ± 4.35 months from transplantation. The mean age was 36.15 ± 10.7 years. 63 of the patients were male. Malaise, fever and diarrhea were among most common symptoms. 20 (27.02 %) of the 74 recipients developed transaminitis, 13 (17.2 %) developed CMV gastritis, 5 (9.13 %) recipients developed pneumonia, and 3 (4.05 %) patient developed colitis. 59 (80 %) patients had leucopenia and 41 (56.5 %) developed thrombocytopenia. Mean serum creatinine level was 1.5 ± 0.4 (0.9–2.4) mg/dl before the disease, 1.9 ± 0.6 (1.3–3.6) mg/dl at the time of the diagnosis, and 1.7 ± 0.06 (0.8–4.2) mg/dl at the end of the treatment. CMV disease developed in 9 (36 %) of recipients who received basiliximab as induction therapy and 13 (30.24 %) of recipients who received ATG (p > 0.05). The incidence of CMV disease was similar in cyclosporine based regimen (13.2 %) and Tacrolimus based regimen 27 (16.16 %) (p = 0.137) and was also similar in Azathioprine 41 (9.5 %) and MMF group 33 (14.3 %) (p = 0.163). There was no significant difference in severity of CMV disease in both groups, except a higher incidence of leucopenia in Azathioprine group (86 vs. 74 %, p < 0.05) as compared to MMF group. 51 (68.91 %) patient developed graft dysfunction during CMV disease. In conclusion we report a low incidence (14.2 %) and milder form of cytomegalovirus disease at our center. Use of universal cytomegalovirus prophylaxis was associated with a low incidence and milder form of the disease. Incidence of CMV disease was similar between Azathioprine and MMF groups.     

深圳近海表层浮游细菌分布特征及其环境影响因素

于2015年3月、5月、8月和10月在深圳市近岸海域(珠江口、深圳湾和大亚湾)采集表层水样,利用流式细胞仪测定总浮游细菌、高DNA含量亚群细菌(HNA)、低DNA含量亚群细菌(LNA)的丰度,分析它们的时空分布特点,阐释环境因子对浮游细菌时空分布格局的影响。结果表明,珠江口、深圳湾和大亚湾海域表层浮游细菌的平均丰度依次降低,分别为3.82×10~6个/mL、7.67×10~6个/mL和3.38×10~6个/mL。珠江口海域浮游细菌丰度由远岸到近岸递增,深圳湾海域湾内各站位浮游细菌丰度差异较小,大亚湾海域浮游细菌丰度空间差异不显著(P0.05)。浮游细菌丰度时间差异主要受温度影响,空间差异主要受营养盐和叶绿素a影响。HNA亚群丰度时空差异性比LNA亚群的大,HNA亚群受温度影响显著(P0.01),而LNA亚群与温度相关性不显著(P0.05)。环境对HNA和LNA亚群丰度的影响有许多相似之处,但两者对某些环境因子有着不同的响应,说明它们在近海表层生态系统中可能扮演着部分重叠但略有不同的角色。     

中国白纹伊蚊亚组伊蚊的研究Ⅱ.幼虫

中国白纹伊蚊亚组（Ae.albopictus subgroup）包括的9种蚊虫及其成蚊的校订、检索和记述,已见前文（陆,1982）。本文系对本亚组种类的幼虫,作类似的报告。