薄唇蕨属的分类研究

薄唇蕨属是水龙骨科星蕨类植物中的一个小属,其范围时大时小,没有稳定的概念。我们在编 写《中国植物志》的过程中,分析了该属植物和星蕨类其它属植物的形态和地理分布,扫描了全部种类的孢子,认为薄唇蕨属不同于线蕨属,它包括了过去分出的似薄唇蕨属和树舌蕨等属。     

中国及邻近地区线蕨属的分类研究

在野外考察和植物标本研究的基础上,结合孢粉学、细胞学和植物地理学资料,对中国及邻近地区的线蕨属植物进行了修订,初步鉴定出9种和1杂种。在线蕨C．elliptica下划分出5个变种。首次发现褐叶线蕨Colysis wrightii的孢子囊中有鳞片状隔丝。     

Taxonomic studies of the genus Colysis C. Presl (Polypodiaceae) from China and neighboring regions

A revision is made of the genus Colysis from China and its adjacent regions on the basis of field studies and herbarium observations. Nine species and one hybrid are recognized based on the spore morphology, cytology and geographical distribution. Colysis elliptica is divided into five varieties. Scale-like sporiangial paraphyses are found in sori of Colysiswrightii for the first time.     

New Material of Polypodiaceae

One new species of the genus Lepisorus (L. petiolatus Ching et Y. X. Lin) and one new record of the genus Colysis (C. membranacea (Bl.) Presl) arereported from Guangxi, China.     

The microsoroid ferns: Inferring the relationships of a highly diverse lineage of Paleotropical epiphytic ferns (Polypodiaceae, Polypodiopsida)

The relationships of the microsoroid ferns were studied using a DNA sequence-based phylogenetic approach. Nucleotide sequences for up to four chloroplast genome regions were assembled for 107 samples from 87 species. Microsoroids s.l. include six lineages of which two are species rich. The results indicate that several genera are not monophyletic (e.g. Microsorum), several controversial genera are confirmed to be monophyletic (e.g. Leptochilus), and some genera new to science should be recognized (M. membranaceum clade). Unique insights were gained into the biogeographic history of this highly diverse epiphytic vascular plant lineage that is widespread in continental Asia to Australasia. Evidence was found for splits into lineages diversifying in parallel in continental Asia and Malesia. No evidence was recovered for an African radiation because all African microsoroid species either also are found in Asia or have sister species in continental Asia. In contrast, evidence for independent radiations were discovered for the Australasian region.     

香港蕨类植物新记录

报道了香港蕨类植物新记录种5种,即台湾轴脉蕨(Ctenitopsis kusukuensis)、掌叶线蕨(Colysis digi-tata)、德化鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris dehuaensis)、海岛鳞始蕨(Lindsaeaorbiculatavar.commixta)和石松(Lycopo-diumclavatum),其中包括两个新记录属轴脉蕨属(Ctenitopsis)和石松属(Lycopodium)。另外,还列出了每个种的重要特征及其与相关种类的差异。     

线蕨种下分类和植物地理的研究

通过对红蕨属羽裂类群的300余个体腊叶标本的形态性状的统计分析,研究了各性状的变异幅度以及部分性状之间的相关性,并结合植物地理分布资料和和孢子形态将此类群初步处理为1种5变种。     

广州蕨类植物增补

报道了广州蕨类植物新记录种38种,隶属于18科25属。其中莲座蕨科（Angiopteridaceae),膜蕨科,裸子蕨科（Gymnogrammaceae)等3科为广州新记录科,莲座蕨属（Angiopteris)。团扇蕨属（Gonocormus)。粉叶蕨属（Pityrogramme),假蹄盖蕨属（Athyriopsis)。针毛蕨属（Macrothelypteris)。狗脊属（Woodwardia),黑桫椤属（Gymnosphaera)。沙皮蕨属（Hemigramma)。线蕨属（Colysis)等9属为新记录属。     

Molecular ecology, speciation, and evolution of the reef fish genus Anisotremus

Grunts (family Haemulidae) in the genus Anisotremus comprise 10 described species which occur predominantly on coral reefs and subtropical rocky reefs in the Neotropics of the Tropical Eastern Pacific the Caribbean and adjacent waters. In this study, the phylogenetic relationships for all described species were examined based on one mitochondrial gene (cytochrome b) and one nuclear marker (the first intron of the ribosomal protein S7). Closely related species of the genus Haemulon and the single representative of the genus Genyatremus, G. luteus were also included in the analysis, following the suggestion, based on morphological data, that they may be closely related to, or possibly placed within, Anisotremus. Two sweetlips, genus Plectorhinchus, which belong to the recognized sister subfamily Plectorhynchinae, were used as outgroups. Two species pairs in the ingroup genus Anisotremus are geminate species, which presumably diverged after the rise of the Isthmus of Panama, thus providing an internal molecular clock calibration. This allowed for a comprehensive evolutionary scenario for the genus. Our data were consistent with two independent allopatric speciation events (geminate species), and one likely sympatric speciation event. Our data were also consistent with the placement of Genyatremus and Haemulon within the genus Anisotremus, thus breaking its monophyletic status. As proposed for other coral reef species, Anisotremus seems to have colonized coral reefs from non-coral reef habitats. In addition, ancestral species seem to have been widespread, since species that are currently found in Brazilian and Pacific waters are basal on the phylogenetic tree. Finally, this study adds to the hypothesis of a secondary evolutionary center in the New World.     

Morphometric study of the genus Panstrongylus Berg, 1879 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae)

The subfamily Triatominae is actually represented by 137 species distributed among 6 tribes and 19 genera. Within this subfamily, the genus Panstrongylus, Berg 1879, is composed by 13 species widespread in sylvatic, peridomestic, and domestic habitats of Neotropical regions. These species are vectors of Chagas disease and consequently are found associated with its main hosts, such as birds and mammals. Interest in species of this genus has been increasing in the last few years. Reports of several authors indicate these Triatominae to invade and colonize houses, increasing their epidemiological significance. Morphometry was used in this study to investigate correlations among possible closely related species. We measured 224 specimens among 13 species through a set of metric variables of the head. The results indicated that the genus Panstrongylus seems to be homogeneous since 10 of the 14 species were shown to be closely related.     

New data on perittocrinids and hybocrinids (Crinoidea, Echinodermata) from the Middle Ordovician of the Baltic region

Age variation of radial plates of perittocrinids and aberrant cups of the hybocrinid genus Hoplocrinus from the Middle Ordovician of the St-Petersburg region are examined. Three patterns for the development of folds on the radial plates of perittocrinids are recognized. The differences between patterns are of species level. It is proposed here that the folded structures of perittocrinids (as well as the pore-structures of other pelmatozoans) were not only used for respiration, but also very likely for feeding. Tetracionocrinus transitor is a young individual of a species of the genus Perittocrinus or a paedomorphic species of this genus. The study of aberrant cups of Hoplocrinus suggests that its ancestor could have had biserial arms. Phylogenetic implications of this interpretation are discussed, and homologies within the phylum Echinodermata, reassessed. The three-armed genus Baerocrinus may be an aberrant form of a species of the genus Hoplocrinus.     

A new species of Sabellacheres M. Sars, 1862 (Copepoda: Gastrodelphyidae) from a deep-water benthic polychaete in Antarctic waters, with a key to the species of the genus

Specimens of a deep-living sabellid polychaete of the genus Perkinsiana Knight-Jones dredged in Antarctic waters were found to be parasitised by an undescribed species of the cyclopoid copepod genus Sabellacheres M. Sars, 1862. Specimens of both sexes were studied using light microscopy and SEM, and compared with its congeners. The new species, Sabellacheres antarcticus n. sp., can be distinguished from its congeners by the shape and proportions of the body and brood-pouch, its 4-segmented antennae, the shape and length of the distal process of the second antennular segment, the position of leg 3, and the structure of the male maxilliped. This is only the second record of a species of this genus from the southern hemisphere. The new species was found on a single host species, as is typical for most species of Sabellacheres. A key for the identification of both sexes of the species of Sabellacheres is included.     

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MORPHOLOGY OF LEPTOCHILUS AND PARALEPTOCHILUS

Nayar , B. K. (Natl. Bat. Gard., Lucknow, India.) Contributions to the morphology of Leptochilus and Paraleptochilus. Amer. Jour. Bot. 50(4): 301–308. lllus. 1963.—Morphology of L. axillaris and P. decurrens is described; L. axillaris is epiphytic, possessing a wide creeping, soft, parenchymatous rhizome, covered sparsely by peltate paleae, while P. decurrens is rupicaulous, with a short, brittle rhizome having slender sclerenchyma strands and densely covered by basally attached paleae. The vascular cylinder of the rhizome is dictyostelic and composed of a large number of closely placed, thick, vascular bundles with characteristic, thickened, endodermal cells in L. axillaris; it is dictyostelic and composed of a few, slender, distantly placed vascular strands in P. decurrens. Leaf traces are multiple strands which in P. decurrens originate in alternate succession from either side of the dorsal median vascular bundle of the rhizome, but in L. axillaris, from the lateral vascular bundles of the rhizome. The branch traces are paired strands which are lateral in the former and medianly placed in the latter. Scattered sclerenchyma strands occur in the stipe of P. decurrens. Paraphyses are absent in P. decurrens, but filamentous paraphyses occur in L. axillaris. The spores are bilateral and smooth-walled in both, and the prothalli are of the branched, ribbonlike type developing as in Colysis. Prothalli are naked in L. axillaris, but bear sparse mammillate marginal hairs in P. decurrens.     

A redescription of Cythere japonica Hanai, 1959 (Podocopida: Ostracoda)

Cythere japonica was proposed by Hanai (1959) as a new species of the genus Cythere , from the Pleistocene Sawane Formation in Sado Island, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. The characters of carapace were already known, but the appendages have not been previously described. The authors formerly considered that this species should be separate from the genus Cythere sensu stricto because it has twice as many sieve-type pore systems as typical Cythere species, and a markedly higher carapace. The existence of living Cythere japonica in the tidal zone of north-west Japan is confirmed, and its taxonomic position re-examined on the basis of its appendages and the ontogeny of pore systems. The appendages, except for the copulatory organ, are almost identical with those of other Cythere species, and their pore systems share the same pattern in and before the A-4 moult stage. On the basis of these features this species should be retained in the genus Cythere. Phylogenetic relationships are considered on the basis of the ontogeny of pore systems.
The abdominal segments of podocopid Ostracoda, which have always been regarded as difficult to observe because of their fusion, are shown clearly by the SEM.     

淫羊藿属(小檗科)花瓣的演化和地理分布格局的研究

淫羊藿属的种数与60年前大不相同,现在已知约有50种。该属种类间断地分布于日本至北非 的阿尔及利亚之间的广大地区,这一分布格局表明了该属的古老性质。它们在欧亚大陆的分布极不均 匀,约有80％的种类产于中国中部至东南部,而且根据花瓣的演化分析结果表明,只有中国的淫羊藿属 植物具有连续不断的演化过程。由此可见,中国中部至东南部成为北半球淫羊藿属植物的汇集中心是 有充分根据的。淫羊藿属种类基本上是林地草本植物,常生于水青冈林下,为林下草本层的优势种,而 且该属的分布格局与第三纪植物属——水青冈属在欧亚大陆的分布格局极为相似,说明淫羊藿属植物 在早第三纪时期已广泛分布于北半球。中新世时期由于中亚地区气候变干,加之印度板块向欧亚大陆 俯冲并引起喜马拉雅山脉隆起,致使中亚地区进一步干旱,水青冈属和淫羊霍属植物随之消失,进而导致其东亚—地中海、西亚间断分布格局的形成。     

宽带蕨属（水龙骨科）的系统学研究

对喜马拉雅和横断山地区特有的水龙骨科的宽带蕨属Platygyria Ching&S.K.Wu植物进行了形态学、分类学、生态和植物地理学的观察与分析,探讨了该属植物的系统位置、亲缘关系和生态适应性,推测宽带蕨属是随着喜马拉雅山脉的隆升,由瓦韦属Lepisorus（J.Sm.）Ching网眼瓦韦群植物适应高寒生态环境演化而来的新生类群。确定宽带蕨属有5种,即川西宽带蕨P.soulieana（Christ）X.C.Zhang&Q.R.Liu、多变宽带蕨P.variabilis Ching&S.K.Wu、耳基宽带     

中国木兰科11属40种植物的核形态研究

为了探讨木兰科属间系统学关系和一些种的分类学地位,对中国木兰科11属40种进行了核形态研究。所研究的20种木莲属植物都为二倍体,表明木莲属植物主要是在二倍体水平上进化的,不同的种类具有各自的遗传组成,细微的染色体结构变异可能导致种间形态发生了明显的变化。木兰属的染色体数目具多样性,表明属内存在着不同倍性水平上的进化,说明木兰属分布广泛、形态复杂多样有其细胞学基础。细胞学证据支持木莲属应为独立的属,不宜于归并到木兰属。已观察的含笑属都为二倍体,而木兰属玉兰亚属的大多数种类为多倍体。我们认为维持现有的含笑属的分类地位和范围是恰当的,不支持将含笑属和玉兰亚属合并为一属。拟单性木兰属都是多倍体。木兰科植物形态特征重叠,性状呈网状进化,细胞学证据在探讨一些大属属下种的分类地位时具有一定价值,但论及整个科的分类系统和属间亲缘关系时,作用比较微弱。本文在细胞学基础上,结合形态和地理分布,重点对木莲属一些种类的分类地位进行了讨论。     

Taxonomy of the Chinese Orobanche and Its Relationships with Related Genera

The morphological characters in the genus Orobanche were evaluated from the taxonomic point of view. The author finds that the plants of this genus are relatively similar to each other in respect to characters of vegetative organs, fruits and seeds. But the differences in the floral structures can be served as a basis for delimitating infrageneric taxa. The seed coat of 18 species and pollen grains of 6 species were also examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM). They seem to have little significance for distinguishing species. The result supports G. Beck’s (1930) division of the genus Orobanche into 4 sections, of which 2 occur in China, based on the characters of the inflorescence, bracteoles and calyx. The author considers that some characters, such as anther hairy or not, upper lip of corolla entire or not, lower lip longer or shorter than the upper one, the state of corolla-tube inflec tion and the hair type of filaments and plants, are important in distinguishing Chinese species. A key to the species of Orobanche in China is given. This genus consists of about 100 species, and is mostly confined to Eurasia, with over 60 species found in Caucasus and Middle Asia of USSR, where may be the mordern distribu tional centre. Orobanche L. in China is represented by 23 species, 3 varieties and l forma. As shown in Table 1, most species (12 species) are found in Xinjiang, which clearly shows a close floristic relationship between this region and Middle Asia of USSR. 6 species are endemic to China, of which 4 are confined to the Hengduan Mountains (Yangtze-Mekong-Salwin divide). The relationships between this genus and related ones of Orobanchaceae are also discussed. The author holds the following opinions: the genus Phelypaea Desf. should be considered as a member of Orobanche L. Sect. Gymnocaulis G. Beck, the monotypic genus, Necranthus A. Gilli endemic to Turkey, is allied with Orobanche L. Sect. Orobanche, the monotypic genus, Platypholis Maxim, endemic to Bonin Is. of Japan, is far from Orobanche L. in relation and should be regarded as a separate genus. The 11 OTU’s, including all the sections of Orobanche L. and 7 genera of Orobanchaceae, and 15 morphological characters were used in the numerical taxonomic treatment to test the above-mentioned suggestions. After standardization of characters, the correlation matrices were computerized. The correlation matrices were made to test the various clustering methods. At last the UPGMA clustering method was chosen and its result is shown in a phenogram. The result of numerical analysis is basically in accordance with the suggestions.     

利用流式细胞仪测定荚蒾属植物的基因组大小

荚蒾属 (Viburnum) 植物在园林中广泛用作观赏灌木,并且其具有优良园艺性状的杂交种在世界范围内越来越受欢迎。本研究利用流式细胞仪测定了14种荚蒾属植物的基因组大小。二倍体中基因组大小变化范围是255pg（陕西荚蒾）到426pg（琼花）。同时,琼花的核型也较不对称,这可能反应了它的育种历史。四倍体物种珊瑚树的基因组大小（762pg）是其他二倍体物种的两倍还多,这揭示了该属的多倍化在进化中可能并不遥远。该研究为荚蒾属细胞遗传学和分类学的深入研究奠定了基础,并为该属杂交育种提供有用的信息。