星叶草属的核形态及其系统位置

本文研究了星叶草属的核形态。其间期核和前期染色体分别为简单染色中心型和中间型;中期染色体较小,长度介于3.00μm到1.20μm之间;核型公式为2n=30=22m+8sm。其明显很高的染色体基数以及其它退化和特化的形态学性状,表明该属是一个孑遗的古多倍体类群。该属与独叶草属在间期核形态、前期染色体形态以及中期染色体的大小和形态方面极为相似。结合其它方面的资料,本文认为星叶草属和独叶草属有较近的亲缘关系,支持将它们一起置于星叶草科的观点。     

双花木属和壳菜果属(金缕梅科)的核型研究

本文对金缕梅科Hamamelidaceae双花木属Disanthus Maxim．的长柄双花木D．cercidifolius subsp．longipes和单种属壳菜果属Mytilaria Lec.首次进行了染色体计数和核型分析。结果表明：长柄双花木与产自日本的双花木D. cercidifolius subsp．cercidifolius的体细胞染色体数目一致,均为2n＝16,前者无“st”或“t”染色体,表明该亚种可能比较原始;壳菜果Mytilaria laosensis Lec．的染色体数目为2n＝26,x=13。前人报道的金缕梅科染色体基数为x＝8和x＝12,因此x＝13可能是金缕梅科的一个新染色体基数。联系该属的形态特征及其与马蹄荷属Exbucklandia R．W．Brown的关系,作者支持将壳菜果属处理为独立的亚科,即壳菜果亚科Mytilarioideae。     

Karyomorphology of Ligulariopsis Y. L. Chen (Asteraceae: Senecioneae)

Investigated in the present work was the karyomorphology of Ligulariopsis Y. L. Chen. The interphase nuclei were categorized to be the complex chromocenter type, and the mitotic prophase chromosomes were categorized to be the interstitial type. The metaphase chromosomes ranged from 2.70 μm to 4.70μm with the average 3.62 μm in length. The karyotype was formulated as 2n = 58 = 34m + 18sm(2sat) + 6st and belonged to 2A type. The karyomorphological characteristics of Ligulariopsis are very similar to those of Ligularia and Parasenecio, but there are moresubmedian-centromeric and median-centromeric chromosomes in Ligulariopsis.     

横断山脉地区青藏雪灵芝核形态学

对横断山脉地区青藏雪灵芝(Arenaria roborowskii)进行了核形态学研究。核型公式为2n=2x=22=22m,核型不对称性为1A型。间期核为复杂染色体型,前期染色体为中间型。     

国家一级濒危植物报春苣苔核型分析

对国家一级濒危植物报春苣苔（Primulina tabacum）进行了细胞学研究,报道了该种染色体数目,并对其核型进行分析。结果表明：分裂间期构形属棒状前染色体型,分裂前期染色体属近基型,染色体数目为2n=36,核型公式为：2n=2x=24m （1SAT）＋12sm,其核型属于2A型。     

Karyomorphology of four species in Ancylostemon,Briggsiopsis and Lysionotus (Gesneriaceae)

Reported in the present paper are chromosome numbers and karyotypes of three genera of the Gesneriaceae, i.e. Ancylostemon Craib. , Briggsiopsis (Franch.) K. Y. Pan and Lysionotus D. Don. The former two genera are endemic to China. The karyotype of Ancylostemon aureus (Franch.) Burtt is formulated as 2n = 34 = 20m(1sat) + 14sm, with the same chromosome number as its allied species A. convexus Craib. This species is characterized by the interphase nucleus of complex chromocenter type and the proximal type of chromosomes in the mitotic prophase. The chromosome number of the monospecific genus Briggsiopsis is 2n = 34, the same as the lowest chromosome number reported in Briggsia. The karyotype of Briggsiopsis, which is formulated as 2n = 25m + 6sm + 3st, also seems to be primitive among the species of the two genera. Briggsiopsis is characterized by the interphase nucleus of simple-complex chromocenter type and the interstitial-gradient type of chromosomes in the mitotic prophase. The chromosome number of Lysionotus carnosus Hemsl. is the lowest reported in this genus. Its karyotype is formulated as 2n= 30 = 21m + 5sm + 3st + lt. Lysionotus serratus var. pterocaulis, with the karyotype being formulated as 2n= 32 = 2lm + 10sm + lt, has the same chromosome number as var. serratus. These two species show a remarkable differentiation of karyotypes and are characterized by the interphase nuclei of simple-complex chromocenter type and the gradient type of chromosomes in the mitotic prophase. _ .     

款冬属的核形态(菊科:千里光族)

研究了款冬属的核形态。染色体间期为简单型与复杂型的过渡型;前期染色体为近基型与中间型的过渡型。染色体较小,核型不对称,具明显的二型性;数目与核型公式为2n=60=42m+10sm+6st+2t。比较发现款冬的核型明显不同于千里光族中已有的核型记载,其核型特征似乎与它独特的形态特征相联系,具有重要的系统学意义。     

大吴风草（菊科：千里光族）的核形态及其系统学意义

研究了大吴风草属的核形态,染色体间期为复杂型;前期 色体为中间型,染色体长度从３．７０μm到２．６４μｍ,平均长度为３．２０μｍ;核型公式为２n=60=14m 26sm 20st(4SAT),为３Ａ类型。过去认为大吴风草属与橐吾属接近,并比之原始,但染色体和花粉特征并不支持这种处理。     

濒危植物杜鹃红山茶的细胞学研究

报道了杜鹃红山茶(Camellia azalea)的细胞学资料。其间期核为球形前染色体型,有丝分裂前期染色体为中间型。核型公式为2n=2x=30=28m(1SAT) 2sm,核型类型属于Stebbins的1B型。第3、4、9、10、11、12条染色体的长臂上具有次缢痕,第15条染色体的短臂上具随体。细胞学证据支持杜鹃红山茶在山茶组中较为原始的推断,并为人工杂交育种时亲本的选择提出了一些建议。     

Karyological Study on the Endangered Species Camellia azalea (Theaceae)

The chromosome number and karyotype of Camellia azalea were reported here for the first time . The species showed in somatic cells the round prochromosome type of the interphase nuclei and the interstitial type of the prophase chromosomes. It was a diploid , and the karyotype could be formulated as 2n = 2x = 30 = 28m (1SAT ) + 2sm, belonging to Stebbins’1B type. The third, fourth, ninth, tenth, eleventh and twelfth chromosomes had secondary constriction respectively, and one satellite had been found on the fifteenth chromosome. The cytological results supported the suggestion that C. azalea was primitive species in Sect . Camellia of the genus Camellia. A clue on selecting parents was also proposed due to the chromosome numbers and the position in Sect. Camellia.     

穿鞘花（鸭跖草科）的核形态

本文对鸭跖草科的穿鞘花Ａｍｉｓｃｈｏｔｏｌｙｐｅｈｉｓｐｉｄａ（ＬｅｓｓｅｔＡ．Ｒｉｃｈ．）Ｈｏｎｇ进行了核形态研究。其静止核和有丝分裂前期染色体分别属于复杂中央染色微粒型和中间型;染色体数目为２ｎ＝３６,核型公式为２ｎ＝４ｍ＋２８ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ。本种的核型为首次报道。     

中国特有牛筋条属的核形态及其系统位置

报道了以３个不同居群为材料进行的拮筋条属核形态学研究结果。其间期核和前期核分别为简单染色体中心型和蹭型。染色体长度界于１．６６μｍ至０．８７μｍ之间,核型公式为２＝２８ｍ＋６ｓｍ,核型分类为１Ａ型。相同的染色体基数及其与苹果亚科成员近似的核型,支持将牛条属置于苹果亚科,而不赞同将其归属于李亚科或另立亚科的观点。     

毛冠菊属系统位置的核形态证据

首次记载了毛冠菊属2种4居群的核形态资料。两种植物的染色体间期和前期染色体为复杂型 和中间型。狭舌毛冠菊两居群的染色体数目与核型公式为2n＝18＝14m+2sm+2st(2SAT);毛冠菊两居 群的染色体数目与核型公式为2n＝18＝14m+2sm(2SAT)+2st。它们分别代表了整个毛冠菊属的两组 植物,并包含了形态学上最原始的种类,因此,该属的染色体基数可能为x＝9。核形态证据表明毛冠菊属放在紫菀族比放在旋覆花族和千里光族中更为合理。     

The Discovery of Diploid Lycoris radiata (L′Her.) Herb. from Anhui

Lycoris radiata (L′Her. ) Herb. containing wild and cultural types, is distributed in China and Japan. The karyotype variation in three populations of the species from Anhui is studied in this paper. (1) Wuhu wild population has a karyotype 2n=21+1B= 1m+12st +8t+1B. The chromosomes range in length from 7.50 to 14.10 µm with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 1.88. The karyotype belongs to Stebbins’(1971) 3A. (2) Huangshan wild population has two cytotypes: 2n=22 and 2n=22+1B. Type Ⅰ: The karyotype formula is 2n=22=12st+10t. The chromosomes range in length from 6.85 to 9.95 µm. with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 1.45. The karyotype belongs to 4A. Type Ⅱ: The karyotype formula is 2n=22+1B=6st+14t+2T+1B (plate 1: 7,8). The chromosomes range in length from 6.50 to 11.02 µm. with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 1.70. The karyotype belongs to 4A. (3) Wuhu cultural type has a karyotype 2n=33=30st +3t. The chromosomes range in length from 7.10 to 9.35 µm with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 1.32. The karyotype belongs to 4A. This result agrees well with the previous reports. The diploid types of Lycoris radiata (L´Her.) Herb. are found in Anhui for the firsttime.     

濒危植物长蕊木兰的核型

报道了长蕊木兰（Alcimandra cathcartii）的染色体核型,核型公式为2n=2x=38=22m＋15sm（3sat）＋1st。核型类型属于Stebbins的2A型。第18条染色体为st染色体,第5、6、7条sm染色体的短臂上各具有1个随体。间期核为简单染色中心型（simple chromocenter type）,有丝分裂前期染色体为中间型（interstitial type）。对前人关于木兰属和含笑属植物的核型研究结果进行了比较分析,长蕊木兰与含笑属亲缘关系较近,但稍有区别,而与木兰属的亲缘关系较远。     

Systematic position of Nannoglottis Maxim. s.l. (Asteraceae): karyomorphological data

This paper describes for the first time the karyomorphology of 4 populations of 2 species of Nannoglottis Maxim. s. l. The two species both show the resting nuclei of the complex chromocenter type and the mitotic prophase chromosomes of the interstitial type. The karyotype formula of N. gynura is 2n = 18 = 14m + 2sm + 2st(SAT) in two populations while that of N. carpesioides is 2n = 18 = 14m + 2sm(2SAT) + 2st in two populations. The two species under study represent two sections of Nannoglottis s. l. N. gynura, the only species of sect. Stenolepis, is considered as the most primitive member of the genus. Accordingly, the basic chromosome number of the genus might be x＝9. Karyomorphological data indicate that Nannoglottis should be placed in the tribe Astereaerather than in the Inuleae and the Senecioneae.     

穗花杉属的核形态及其系统位置的探讨

研究了穗花杉Amentotaxus argotaenia和云南穗花杉A.yunnanensis的核形态。它们的有丝分裂间期核都为复杂染色中心型,前期染色体为中间型,中期染色体数目均为2n=36,核型相似,均为K(2n)＝36=8m+28T,核型不对称性属于1B型,N．F．值为44。云南穗花杉的核型为首次报道。结合其它学科的资料,认为穗花杉属同榧属Torreya比较接近。     

稀莶属三种植物的核形态学研究

研究了稀莶属３种植物的染色体核形态结构,除稀莶的染色体数目曾有报道外,毛梗稀莶、腺梗稀莶还未有报道,３种植物的核型为首次报道。它们的静止核均属于复杂染色中心微粒型,分裂前期染色体均属于渐变型。中期体细胞染色体数目都为２ｎ＝３０,本属的染色体基数为ｘ＝１５,核型分别为：（１）腺梗稀莶２ｎ＝３０＝２９ｍ＋１ｓｍ,属于１Ｂ型;（２）毛梗稀莶２ｎ＝３０＝２８ｍ＋２ｓｍ,属于１Ｂ型;（３）稀莶２ｎ＝３０＝２     

Karyotypes of Whytockia (Gesneriaceae)

The karyotypes of the genus Whytockia was investigated in order to reveal its sys tematic position in the tribe Klugieae and the evolution of karyotypes within this genus. The chromosome numbers are 2n＝18 with their length over 2.0 µm in all the investigated species of Whytockia, which represents the most primitive characteristics in the tribe Klugieae. This paper suggests that x＝9 be the primitive basic number of chromosomes in the Klugieae. The morphology of the resting nuclei in Whytockia belongs to the complex chromocenter type. The chromosomes at mitotic prophase are classified into the gradient type. The evolution of karyotypes in Whytockia is toward increase of the chromosomes with submedian centromeres and especially those with subterminal centromeres. The karyotype of the variety W. tsiangiana (Hand.-Mazz.)A. Weber var. wilsonii A. Weber is distinctly different from that of W. tsiangiana var. tsiangiana, which conforms well with the gross morphology. This paper suggests that this variety be separated from W. tsiangiana as an independent species with affinity to W. bijieensis.     

毒药树属的核型及其系统学意义

研究了单型属毒药树属Sladerua的核型,并与被认为有关的狭义山茶科、厚皮香科和猕猴桃科等进行了核型比较。毒药树属的体细胞中期染色体数目为2n=48,核型公式2n=4x=48=4M 36m 8sm,核型为2A型,没有发现随体和次缢痕。体细胞间期核为浓密分散型,前期核为中间型。结果表明,毒药树属与相关类群不但在染色体基数上有差异,而且在染色体大小、核型、间期核、前期核以及随体的有无等方面都不尽相同。研究结果不支持目前分子研究的观点,即把毒药树属放在厚皮香科,且认为它与猕猴桃科和狭义山茶科的亲缘关系也较远。