模拟酸雨对梣叶槭的作用和植物营养

应用光声光谱和调制荧光测量技术研究了模拟酸雨对叶槭（ＡｃｅｒＮｅｇｕｎｄｏＬ．）的短期作用。用ｐＨ值分别为５．６、４．５和３．０的模拟酸雨对相应的三个样本组的梣叶槭树苗进行了为期三个月的跟踪观察和研究。结果表明,用归一化氧信号、光化学能量贮备、归一化可变荧光（ＦＶ／Ｆｍ）、光化学和非光化学叶绿素荧光猝灭等所表示的光合作用活性对这三个样本组的顺序为ｐＨ４．５＞ｐＨ３．０＞ｐＨ５．６。实验证实由于酸度水平增加,酸雨促进了生长率增加。从植物营养角度对结果进行了讨论。     

模拟酸雨对农作物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

研究模拟酸雨对3种农作物种子萌发年和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：不同pH值(2．5,4．5,5．6)的模拟酸雨对水稻和小麦的种子萌发没有影响,但明显抑制了玉米种子萌发。模拟酸雨条件下,3种农作物幼苗的生长受到抑制,生物量减少,叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量下降,而叶绿素a/b的变化却不明显。pH4．5和5．6的模拟酸雨对玉米Fv／Fm、光化学猝灭(qP)的影响较小,非光化学猝灭(NPQ)却明显下降,表明酸雨伤害了植物PSⅡ天线对激发能的非辐射耗散能力。     

模拟酸雨胁迫对茶树幼苗生长和光合生理的影响

茶是世界三大饮料之一,并且茶树在中国被广泛种植。酸雨是中国乃至全球面临的主要环境问题,本研究选用一年生茶树幼苗作为实验材料,品种为湘妃翠,采用盆栽的方法培养,通过模拟pH值2.5、pH值3.5、pH值4.5酸雨以及自来水(pH值6.5)作为对照对茶树进行全喷淋,探究模拟酸雨对茶树幼苗生长状况和光合生理的影响。结果表明pH值4.5模拟酸雨对茶树幼苗生长有一定促进作用,pH值2.5模拟酸雨对茶树幼苗生长具有抑制作用。茶树幼苗SPAD值(叶绿素相对含量)、以及叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm(PSⅡ最大光能转换率)、Fv/Fo(PSⅡ潜在活性)在pH值2.5酸雨胁迫下与对照组相比都显著降低,Fo(初始荧光产量)则显著增大。由此说明pH值2.5模拟酸雨对茶树幼苗具有较强的胁迫作用,pH值4.5模拟酸雨对茶树幼苗生长有促进作用。     

模拟酸雨对白筋叶片抗氧化酶活性及叶绿素荧光参数的影响

采用棚内盆栽方法, 设置pH值5.6 （对照）、4.0、3.0和2.0的模拟酸雨胁迫试验, 探讨其对白簕幼苗叶片MDA含量、保护酶活性、叶绿素含量、气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明, 随着模拟酸雨pH值的降低, MDA含量呈先降低后升高的趋势; SOD活性逐渐降低, POD活性逐渐升高, APX活性呈先升高后降低的变化。叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量均比对照高, 在pH 4.0时达最大值。气孔限制值（Ls）、PSII实际光化学量子产量（ΦPSII）、光化学淬灭系数（qP）均随pH值的降低而下降, 净光速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、水分利用效率（WUE）、PSII最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、PSII的潜在活性（Fv/Fo）、非光化学淬灭系数（qN）呈先升高后降低趋势, 且也都在pH 4.0时达最大值。由此推测, pH 4.0的酸雨处理有利于白簕幼苗的生长, 表明白簕幼苗可能喜欢生活在微酸环境中, 但是随着酸度加强, 反而起到抑制作用。     

模拟酸雨胁迫对青冈幼苗光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响

选择亚热带常绿阔叶林优势树种青冈幼苗为研究对象,设置3个酸雨处理：pH 2.5、pH 4.0、pH 5.6(CK),研究不同强度的模拟酸雨对青冈幼苗光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数和叶绿素含量的影响.结果表明：经过2年酸雨处理,青冈的净光合速率随着酸雨强度的增加而显著上升.pH 2.5、pH 4.0处理的酸雨增大了青冈的气孔导度和蒸腾速率,且对pH 2.5处理的影响更为显著.胞间CO₂浓度的大小顺序是pH 2.5>pH 5.6>pH 4.0.pH 2.5、pH 4.0处理青冈的最大净光合速率、光补偿点、光饱和点、暗呼吸速率显著高于对照,表观量子效率对酸雨胁迫不敏感.pH 2.5、pH 4.0处理青冈的PSⅡ原初光能转化效率和PSⅡ的潜在活性显著高于对照.青冈的叶绿素相对含量大小顺序是pH 2.5>pH 5.6>pH 4.0,且pH 2.5与pH 4.0之间有显著差异.说明青冈幼苗的光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数指标在pH 2.5和pH 4.0的酸雨处理下有所增加,且在pH 2.5强度下增加更为明显.     

模拟酸雨对龙眼叶片气体交换和叶绿素a荧光参数的影响（英文）

 研究了模拟酸雨对龙眼(Dimorcarpus longana)叶片气体交换和叶绿素a荧光参数的影响,结果表明：酸雨胁迫抑制龙眼光合作用,受胁迫叶片光补偿点上升。pH 3.0的酸雨处理6 h后叶片气体交换和叶绿素a荧光参数下降,停止处理后72 h可以恢复。pH 2.5的酸雨处理6 h后净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度(Cs)、蒸腾速率（Tr）,叶绿素a荧光参数Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm、PSII非环式电子传递的量子产量（ΦPSⅡ）、荧光下降比值（Rfd）、非光化学猝灭系数（qN）和光化学猝灭系数（qP）急剧下降,停     

模拟酸雨对3种菊科入侵植物光合特性的影响

研究了模拟酸雨(pH值分别为2.5、4.5和5.6)对3种菊科入侵植物--三裂叶蟛蜞菊(Wedelia trilobata)、薇甘菊(Mikania micrantha)和飞机草(Chromolaena odoratum)光合生理生态特性的影响。结果表明, 重度酸雨(pH值2.5)对3种入侵植物叶片均造成可见伤害, 其中飞机草受害最严重, 薇甘菊次之, 三裂叶蟛蜞菊受害最轻。同时, 3种入侵植物对酸雨胁迫表现出不同的光合响应, 随着酸雨pH值的降低, 飞机草和薇甘菊叶片叶绿素含量均有所下降, 其净光合速率(P_n)受到抑制, 而三裂叶蟛蜞菊叶片叶绿素含量变化不大, 其P_n值呈上升趋势。酸雨处理下, 3种入侵植物的细胞膜透性、丙二醛含量(MDA)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性均有不同程度的增加, 表明它们受到酸雨的胁迫并具有一定的抵抗力。其中, 经pH值2.5酸雨处理后的三裂叶蟛蜞菊叶片SOD活性增幅最大, 其对酸雨胁迫的反应最为迅速。上述研究结果表明, 三裂叶蟛蜞菊对酸雨胁迫的耐受性和适应性均高于飞机草和薇甘菊。在酸雨污染日趋严重的今天, 应对其危害予以高度重视。     

酸雨胁迫对秃瓣杜英幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光特性和生长的影响

采用盆栽试验和模拟酸雨喷淋的试验方法,研究了重度酸雨(pH 2.5)、中度酸雨(pH 4.0)和对照(pH 5.6)处理下,不同季节秃瓣杜英幼苗叶片的叶绿素荧光特性及其生长差异.结果表明：不同季节相同处理下,秃瓣杜英幼苗叶片的相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)、PSⅡ的最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、PSⅡ实际光化学量子产量(Φ_PSⅡ)、株高和地径均为10月＞7月＞4月＞1月;同一季节不同处理中,SPAD、F_v/F_m、Φ_PSⅡ、株高和地径为重度酸雨＞中度酸雨＞对照;不同pH酸雨梯度处理和季节的交互作用对秃瓣杜英的SPAD、F_v/F_m、株高和地径的影响显著,而对Φ_PSⅡ、光化学淬灭系数和非光化学淬灭系数的影响不显著.     

模拟酸雨胁迫下硅对髯毛箬竹光合特性的影响

以髯毛箬竹为试验材料,研究了模拟酸雨胁迫(pH 3.0)下硅对髯毛箬竹叶片叶绿素相对含量、光合作用日变化以及叶绿素荧光特性等的影响.结果表明:20和100 mg·L^-1 Na₂SiO₃预处理可以不同程度地抑制酸雨胁迫下髯毛箬竹叶片叶绿素含量的显著下降,且以100 mg·L^-1浓度处理效果最佳,叶绿素含量可提高22.7%,而高浓度(500 mg·L^-1)预处理则无缓解作用-酸雨胁迫下,髯毛箬竹光合“午休”现象加重,日平均净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)和气孔限制值(L_s)明显降低,而胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)增大,经过20～100 mg·L^-1硅预处理后,P_n、G_s、L_s不同程度增加,而C_i有所降低,且以100 mg·L^-1硅预处理效果最佳,日平均P_n增加39.2%.酸雨胁迫下,箬竹PSⅡ最大荧光(F_m)、最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、潜在活性(F_v/F_o)、有效光化学效率(F_v′/F_m′)、最大荧光产额(F_m′)、光化学淬灭系数(q_P)、非光化学淬灭系数(q_N)、PSII实际光化学效率(Φ_PSⅡ)降低,暗适应和光适应下的最小荧光产额F_o、F_o′ 则升高;而100 mg·L^-1硅预处理明显抑制了胁迫下各荧光参数的变化,F_v/F_m、F_v/F_o、F_v′/F_m′和Φ_PSⅡ分别增加35.2%、146.2%、55.0%和24.3%.说明外源适宜浓度硅预处理能有效地缓解酸雨胁迫导致的髯毛箬竹光合活性下降和光合系统损伤,从而提高胁迫下植物的光合能力.     

模拟酸雨对朱砂叶螨寄主植物三月早茄生理生化的影响

以朱砂叶螨的寄主植物三月早茄为对象,研究了不同pH值和不同时间模拟酸雨胁迫下,茄子对酸雨的抵抗、适应能力和营养物质含量变化.结果表明,随酸雨酸度增强,茄叶的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、磷和可溶性蛋白含量呈单峰变化趋势;而过氧化物酶(POD)活性、可溶性糖含量呈单谷变化趋势;还原糖含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性随酸度增加呈上升趋势;茄叶pH值呈下降趋势,含水量不受酸雨影响.POD对酸雨作用反应迟缓,而SOD、CAT较敏感,其他几项生理指标则对酸雨作用时间反应灵敏.高pH(4.0～5.6)的酸雨刺激茄叶的保护能力增强,促进茄叶的生长发育.由于茄叶内糖含量、磷及可溶性蛋白含量的改变,植物的适口性有所变化,可促进叶螨生长,而在强酸性酸雨(pH＜3.0)胁迫下,植物的生长受到抑制,营养物质含量降低,抑制朱砂叶螨的生长.     

Lack of physiological response of two corn hybrids to simulated acid rain

Simulated acid rain has been reported to cause physiological changes in various plant species. Studies were conducted in 1983, 1984 and 1985 to determine the effect of acid rain on some physiological parameters in two corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids. Simulated rain of pH 3.0, 4.2, and 5.6 was applied throughout the growing season onto plots protected from ambient rain and grown on a Flanagan silt loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Aquic Argiudoll). Individual plants were evaluated for change in leaf CO₂ fixation, water potentials, chlorophyll content, and in vitro pollen germination. Rain pH did not affect any of these parameters. Within the limits of experimental error, it must be concluded that simulated acid rain of pH 3.0 did not affect the physiological parameters measured in this study.     

模拟秋季酸雨对三角枫叶片光合生理特性的影响

以三角枫幼苗为材料,采用盆栽方法,研究了pH 5.6、pH 4.0、pH 3.0和pH 2.0酸度模拟酸雨胁迫对三角枫叶片光合生理特性的影响,以探讨酸雨胁迫下三角枫的光合生理响应机制。结果显示:(1)随着酸雨浓度的增加和胁迫时间的延长,三角枫叶片相对叶绿素含量下降幅度逐步增大;叶片丙二醛含量呈逐渐上升的趋势,且各处理均显著高于对照;叶片质膜透性和脯氨酸含量均呈先升高后降低的趋势,且pH 2.0处理的叶片质膜透性在试验20d时迅速增大,升高幅度最大(146.3%)。(2)叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、表观光能利用效率以及表观CO2利用效率在胁迫下也均呈显著下降趋势,且以pH 3.0和pH 2.0处理降幅最大。研究表明,pH 4.0的模拟酸雨对三角枫叶片的光合生理指标无显著影响,而pH≤3.0的强酸雨胁迫使三角枫叶片叶绿素含量显著下降、膜保护系统受损、光合作用效率显著下降;三角枫能适应弱酸雨(pH≥4.0)环境,可作为酸雨地区的园林绿化树种。     

模拟酸雨及其酸化土壤对小麦幼苗体内可溶性糖和含氮量的影响

以小麦为试材,采用盆栽方法研究了模拟酸雨及其酸化土壤对小麦幼苗体内可溶性糖和含N量的影响.结果表明,pH值为5.6、4.5、3.5、3.0和2.5的系列模拟酸雨引起了土壤酸化和盐基流失.当模拟酸雨的pH值由5.6下降到2.5时,被淋溶土壤的pH值由.0下降到3.41,土壤中交换性盐基总量从56.5下降到41.1mmol·kg^-1.将小麦幼苗栽培在该系列酸化土壤上,并分别用5种不同pH值的模拟酸雨喷淋地上器官,导致小麦幼苗体内的可溶性糖含量、含N量迅速下降,某些生理活动降低.其中,模拟酸雨喷淋对小麦幼苗茎叶可溶性糖含量、含N量、叶绿素含量以及光合速率的影响大于酸化土壤对其产生的影响.而酸化土壤对小麦幼苗根系中可溶性糖含量、含N量、硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)活性的影响大于模拟酸雨喷淋的影响.pH≤3.0的高强度酸雨以及由其产生的酸化土壤(T₄、T₅土壤)对小麦幼苗的碳素代谢和氮素代谢具有明显的抑制作用.     

Responses of maternal siblings ofPinus densiflora to simulated add rain

Because most research on acid rain does not consider the genetic composition of seeds and the inherent variations in seed mass and germination date, the potentially diverse patterns of plant response are neglected within a population. Therefore, we examined the effects of both family identity and simulated acid rain onPinus densiflora seedlings over a 34-week period, beginning at germination. We were able to evaluate the importance of family and pH treatment independent of seed mass and germination date by considering the latter two variables as covariates. Seeds were collected from six randomly chosen trees that were assumed to represent different genotypes. After germination in a controlled environment, the seedlings were moved outdoors. Each was then subjected twice a week to 40 mL of simulated acid rain, at a pH of either 3.0 or 5.6. We examined variations in germination date, seedling height, needle numbers and lengths, and root and shoot masses. The maternal family effect was significant for all characters over the entire test period. Strong effects of pH treatment were detected only at the later growth stages. Artificial rain with a pH of 3.0 enhanced growth rates, particularly aboveground, compared with seedlings treated with pH 5.6 rain. However, regardless of pH, certain groups of maternal siblings consistently performed better in almost all parameters. The exception was for mean germination date, which differed among families only at a pH of 3.0. Therefore, although we demonstrated that acid rain affected both the date of germination as well as seedling growth rates inP. densiflora, the responses differed among maternal families, and were also associated with seed mass and germination date.     

Selectivity mechanism of Anoplophora glabripennis on four different species of maples

Anoplophora glabripennis (Motsch.) is a wood-boring beetle that is native to China. For a long time, it caused great losses in the economy and ecology of northwest China. Attractants are often used to control insects. The volatiles emitted from the host plant play an important role for insects in finding their target. To explore the mechanism of selec-tivity to different host plants, the response of Anoplophora glabripennis to four different host plants was investigated, which included Acer negundo L., Acer mono Maxim., Acer truncatum Bunge. and Acer platanoides L., and the com-pounds in the profiles of volatiles were identified from these species. The olfactory responses ofAnoplophora glabripennis to the odors of different plants showed preference for certain host plants: Acer negundo, Acer mono and Acer truncatum. The attraction ofAcer negundo and Acer mono was signifi-cantly different (p<0.05). The attraction ofAcer negundo to the insects was stronger than to Acer mono. Acerplatanoides neither attracted nor repelled the insects. Compounds in the profiles of volatiles from the above four species were identified and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spec-trometry (GC-MS) equipped with a CP-4020 termodesorp-tion and cold trap (TCT) device. The constituents ofvolatiles and the relative concentrations were different in the four host species. The amount of ketones, alcohols and aldehydes in the four plants showed the same order: Acer negundo Acer mono Maxim.>Acer truncatum Bunge.>Acer platanoides L.. 1-penten-3-ol, ocimene and trans-Germanylacetone were repellent to Anoplophora glabripennis. 1-penten-3-ol and trans-gerranylacetone were identified in Acer platanoides, and Ocimene was the most attractive to Anoplophora glabripennis among these species. The extent of feeding damage caused by Anoplophora glabripennis differed among four species. The sequences was Acer negundo > Acer mono > Acer truncatum > Acer platanoides. The epidermal hairs of the four host plants revealed that the extent of damage was related to the physical characteristics of the host plants.     

Leaching Behavior of Heavy Metals and Transformation of Their Speciation in Polluted Soil Receiving Simulated Acid Rain

Heavy metals that leach from contaminated soils under acid rain are of increasing concern. In this study, simulated acid rain (SAR) was pumped through columns of artificially contaminated purple soil. Column leaching tests and sequential extraction were conducted for the heavy metals Cu, Pb, Cd, and Zn to determine the extent of their leaching as well as to examine the transformation of their speciation in the artificially contaminated soil columns. Results showed that the maximum leachate concentrations of Cu, Pb, Cd, and Zn were less than those specified in the Chinese Quality Standards for Groundwater (Grade IV), thereby suggesting that the heavy metals that leached from the polluted purple soil receiving acid rain may not pose as risks to water quality. Most of the Pb and Cd leachate concentrations were below their detection limits. By contrast, higher Cu and Zn leachate concentrations were found because they were released by the soil in larger amounts as compared with those of Pb and Cd. The differences in the Cu and Zn leachate concentrations between the controls (SAR at pH 5.6) and the treatments (SAR at pH 3.0 and 4.5) were significant. Similar trends were observed in the total leached amounts of Cu and Zn. The proportions of Cu, Pb, Cd, and Zn in the EXC and OX fractions were generally increased after the leaching experiment at three pH levels, whereas those of the RES, OM, and CAR fractions were slightly decreased. Acid rain favors the leaching of heavy metals from the contaminated purple soil and makes the heavy metal fractions become more labile. Moreover, a pH decrease from 5.6 to 3.0 significantly enhanced such effects.     

Effect of long-term exposure to simulated acid rain on the development and reproduction of the predatory mite, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Euseius nicholsi</Emphasis> (Ehara <Emphasis Type="Italic">et</Emphasis> Lee) (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

The effects of simulated acid rain on the development and reproduction of E. nicholsi, an important natural enemy of many species of pest mites in China, were studied in the laboratory. The life history parameters of E. nicholsi were investigated after long-term (about 8 generations) exposure to various levels of simulated acid rain (pH 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.6). The results showed that the acid rain had negative effects on some basic parameters of the life history of the E. nicholsi population indirectly. The whole development durations with pH 3.0–5.6 treatments were longer and the duration with pH 2.0 treatment was shorter than with deionized water treatments (control). Adult longevity and oviposition duration were notably shortened, and female fecundity was decreased by an increase in acidity. The net reproductive rate (R ₀) of the populations treated with acid rain was less than that of the control populations and gradually decreased with an increase in acidity; however, the values of the intrinsic rate of increase (r) were not affected significantly by acid rain, and inhibitory effects of acid rain on the population growth of E. nicholsi were not recognized.     

Interactive effects of exogenous growth regulators and artificial acid rain on cytokinins and gibberellins in maple seedlings

Vegetation experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions in which long-term effects of simulated acid rain on the shoots, and short-term effects of acidified root medium on the roots of two maple species (Acer pseudoplatanus L. andAcer negundo L.) were studied. Both alternatives of the acidification stress were studied with respect to exogenous applications of auxins and gibberellins. Changes in seedling growth caused by acid rain were not marked, but changes in the levels of endogenous growth regulators were detected, both the long-term exposure ofAcer pseudoplatanus L. seedling shoots to acid rain and the short-term acidification of root environment resulted in enhanced cytokinin activity and in decreased gibberellin activity. But when A.pseudoplatanus L. seedlings were pretreated with gibberellins, their activity was further increased by increased acidity.Acer negundo L. seedlings responded to the acidification of their root environment with enhanced cytokinin activity only when pretreated with exogenous auxins. The differences in the responses ofA. pseudoplatanus L. and A.negundo L. to the acidification can be explained in terms of their distinct physiological properties, including changes recorded in chlorophyll content. The results obtained show that a pretreatment of maple seedlings with exogenous growth regulators can modify the effects of increased acidity in the environment on their physiological status as characterized by the level of endogenous cytokinins and gibberellins.     

The host plant-mediated impact of simulated acid rain on the development and reproduction of Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Acari, Tetranychidae)

Abstract:  The host plant-mediated impact of simulated acid rain (pH 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 5.6, and 6.8) on the behaviour, development, and reproduction of carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduvals), were evaluated at 25°C in a series of laboratory trials. The results indicated that the adults of carmine spider mite prefer to aggregate on pH 4.0 acid rain-treated eggplant leaves. The developmental times of nymph, larva and the pre-oviposition period of the mite on kidney bean leaves were significantly affected by acid rain treatments. The developmental times for the immature stages ranged from 11.4 days on pH 4.0 acid rain-treated leaves to 12.7 days on other acid rain-treated leaves. The survival of immatures varied from 85.14% on pH 4.0 acid rain-treated leaves to 78.83% on deionized water-treated leaves (pH 6.8). The mites feeding on acid rain-treated leaves (pH 3.0–5.6) had significantly greater reproductivity and longevity than those feeding on deionized water-treated leaves. The average greatest reproductivity (74.6 eggs per female) and longest female longevity (8.9 days) were recorded on pH 4.0 acid rain-treated leaves. Accordingly, the intrinsic rate of increase ( r _m ) for the mite on pH 4.0 acid rain-treated leaves was the highest. Jackknife estimates of r _m varied from 0.201 on pH 4.0 acid rain-treated leaves to 0.158 on pH 5.6 acid rain-treated leaves. The results implied that the population growth of the mite were enhanced by application of acid rain (pH 3.0–5.6) on host plants.     

模拟酸雨对濒危物种夏蜡梅幼苗生理生态特性的影响

以濒危物种夏蜡梅(Sinocalycanthus chinensis)幼苗为对象,研究了不同强度酸雨（pH2.5、pH3.5、pH4.5和pH5.6（CK））对其生理生态特性的影响。结果表明：7月,不同强度酸雨处理下,净光合速率日变化均呈单峰曲线;随着酸雨pH值的降低,日均P_n值下降,各处理组之间均差异极显著。随着酸雨pH值的降低,夏蜡梅幼苗最大净光合速率(P_nmax)、光饱和点（LSP）、叶绿素相对含量（SPAD）逐渐下降。而光补偿点（LCP）、暗呼吸速率（R_d）随着酸雨pH值的降低而升高。pH3.5、pH2.5处理夏蜡梅幼苗表观量子效率（AQE）比对照低,而pH4.5处理比对照高。F_v/F_m、F_v/F_o随着酸雨pH值的降低而减小。酸雨胁迫增强了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,增加了丙二醛（MDA）的含量、提高了质膜的透性。总之,酸雨胁迫降低了夏蜡梅的光合能力,对其它生理指标产生不利的影响。