以礼草属的分类研究

以礼草属Kengyilia Yen et J. L. Yang 是禾本科Poaceae小麦族trib．Triticeae中新近建立的屑,针对其存在问题,对它进行了全面清理,提出了一个新的分类系统。新系统含3组、26种、6变种,其中3个组为新设立,并包括1新种、7个新等级、新组合及新异名。此外,还报道了一些类群的分布新记录。     

Biosystematic studies of Kengyilia melanthera and K. kokonorica (Poaceae: Triticeae)

Kengyilia melanthera (Keng)J. L. Yang, Yen et Baum and K. kokonorica (Keng)J. L. Yang, Yen et Baum are two hexaploid perennial grasses of the tribe Triticeae native in west China. K. melanthera and K. kokonorica were hybridized with Roegneria kamoji Ohwi(2n=42,StStHHYY) and K. hirsuta (Keng)J. L. Yang, Yen et Baum (2n = 42, PPStStYY) respectively. Chromosome pairing behaviour at metaphase I in the parents and hybrids was studied. Meiotic configurations were 18.20 Ⅰ + 11.74 Ⅱ + 0.09 Ⅲ + 0.01V for R. kamoji×K. melanthera, 1.06Ⅰ + 20.47 Ⅱ for K. hirsuta×K. melanthera, 19.36Ⅰ + 11.26 Ⅱ + 0.04Ⅲ for R. kamoji×K. kokonorica, and2.46Ⅰ + 19.44Ⅱ + 0.14 Ⅲ + 0.06 Ⅳ for K. hirsuta×K. kokonorica. Considering chromosome pairing in the hybrids, as well as morphological characters, K. melanthera and K. kokonorica should be grouped in Kengyilia Yen et J. L. Yang instead of being keeped inRoegneria sect. Paragropyron Keng , or in Elymus L. or Elytrigia Desv.     

中国禾本科植物的增补

本文发表禾本科中1个新变种,即单穗束尾草;2个新命名,即短芒披碱草与耿耳稃草;17个新组合,即蒙古早熟禾;胎生早熟禾;微药碱茅,疏花以礼草;硬秆草;变种硬秆草;黑药以礼草,大河坝黑药草;梭罗草;窄颖以礼草;孪生以礼草;大颖草;长颖以礼草,糙毛以礼草;无芒以礼草;青海以礼草,阿拉善披碱草。     

鹅观草属4个种的核型与进化

报道了4个种鹅观草属（Roegneria C. Koch）植物的核型,其核型公式如下：芒颖鹅观草(R. aristiglumis Keng et S. L. Chen), 2n=4x=28=22m+6sm（2SAT）;短颖鹅观草(R. breviglumis Keng), 2n=4x=28=20m（2SAT）+8sm;红原鹅观草(R. hongyuanensis L. B. Cai), 2n=4x=28=22m+6sm（2SAT）;山东鹅观草(R. shandongensis（B. Salomon）J. L. Yang, Y. H. Zhou et Yen), 2n=4x=28=24m（2SAT）+4sm。同时对染色体主要特征的演变规律进行了分析,揭示了鹅观草属4个种的相对进化程度以及宏观分类中2个组的系统发育关系,表明鹅观草属的半颖组在系统发育中派生了颖体短小的小颖组。     

以礼草属的地理分布

根据植物类群的地理分布与系统发育相统一的原理,本文讨论了以礼草属的分布中心、起源地、 起源时间和现代分布格局的形成。以礼草属全世界约26种、6变种,隶属于3个组,主要分布于中国,哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、阿富汗和伊朗也有分布。其中,中国的青藏高原汇聚了该属的大多数种类,且不同等级和演化水平的类群均集居于此,使其成为该属的现代分布中心;而该属的原始类群、以及与原始类群很近缘的鹅观草属却分布在这一中心之外的天山地区,加之天山地区自新生代的晚第三纪再次抬升以来,具备了以礼草属发生和繁衍的自然条件,因而天山地区很可能就是该属的起源地,起源时间也可能在晚第三纪或第四纪初。以礼草属自天山起源后,扩散的途径大概有3条,其中西南向途径和东南向途径从东、西两侧侵入青藏高原,在青藏高原得到极度发展,并随着高原的继续隆起,进一步衍生出最高级的类群短穗组,从而形成了以礼草属现今的分布格局。     

中国竹类中的新分类等级及一新组合

本文在大明竹属Pleioblastus下发表1新组,2新种,即Pl.sect.Amari sect.nov.及Pl.incarnatus sp.nov.,Pl.sanmingensis sp.vov.。在矢竹属Pseudosasa下发表新亚属Ps.subgen.Sinicae subgen.nov.;2新组Ps.subgen.Sinicae sect.Sinicae sect.nov.及sect.Cantorisect.nov.;2新系Ps.subgen.Sinicae sect.Sinicae ser.Amabiles er.nov.ser.Maculiferae ser.nov.;4新种Ps. rirta sp nov.,Ps. truncatula sp. nov. Ps. wuyiensis sp. nov. viridula sp. nov.; 3新变种及一新组合Ps. amabilis var. farinosa var. nov., Ps. nanunica var. angustifotis var. nov., Ps. maculi fera var. hirsute var. nov.,及Ps. pallidiflora (Meclure) comb. nov.     

内蒙古冰草属（禾本科）一新变种——毛稃沙芦草

报道了内蒙古冰草属一新变种——毛稃沙芦草(Agropyron mongolicum Keng var. helinicum L.Q.Zhao et J. Yang)。该变种外稃密被长柔毛,颖光滑无毛不同于沙芦草（A. mongolicum Keng）和毛沙芦草（A. mongolicum Keng var. villosum H.L.Ying）。     

Phylogenetic relationships in Leymus (Triticeae; Poaceae): Evidence from chloroplast trnH-psbA and mitochondrial coxII intron sequences

Leymus Hochst. is a polyploid genus with a diverse array of morphology, cytology, ecology, and distribution in Triticeae. To investigate the phylogenetic relationships and maternal genome donor of polyploid Leymus, the chloroplast trnH-psbA region and mitochondrial coxII intron sequences of 33 Leymus taxa were analyzed with those of 36 diploid perennial species representing 19 basic genomes in Triticeae. The results showed that reticulate evolution occurred in Leymus species, with the cytoplasmic lineage of Leymus contributed by different progenitors. Interspecific relationships of Leymus were also elucidated on the basis of orthologous comparison. Our data suggested that: (i) due to incomplete lineage sorting and/or difference in the pattern of chloroplast and mitochondrial inheritance, the genealogical conflict between the two genealogical patterns suggest the contribution of Psathyrostachys Nevski, Agropyron J. Gaertn, Eremopyrum (Ledeb.) Jaub. & Spach, Pseudoroegneria (Nevski) Á. Löve, Thinopyrum Á. Löve, and Lophopyrum (Host) Á. Löve to the cytoplasmic lineage of Leymus; (ii) there is a close relationship among Leymus species from the same area or neighboring geographic regions; (iii) L. coreanus (Honda) K. B. Jensen & R. R.-C. Wang, L. duthiei (Stapf) Y. H. Zhou & H. Q. Zhang ex C. Yen, J. L. Yang & B. R. Baum, L. duthiei var. longearistatus (Hack.) Y. H. Zhou & H. Q. Zhang ex C. Yen, J. L. Yang & B. R. Baum, and L. komarovii(Roshev.) C. Yen, J. L. Yang & B. R. Baum are closely related to other Leymus species, and it is reasonable to transfer these species from the genus Hystrix Moench to Leymus; (iv) Leymus species from North America are closely related to L. coreanus from the Russian Far East and L. komarovii from northeast China but are evolutionarily distinct from Leymus species from Central Asia and the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The occurrence of multiple origin and introgression could account for the rich diversity and ecological adaptation of Leymus species.     

中国黄金茅属与楔颖草属的新分类等级

本文在黄金茅属Eulalia Kunth下发表2新种,即E.splendensKeng et S.L.Chen与E.yunnanensis Keng et S.L.Chen,在楔颖草属Apocopis Nees下发表一新变种A.wrightii var.macrantha S.L.Chen。     

八个四倍体鹅观草属物种的核型研究

对8个鹅观草属物种的核型进行了研究。核型公式如下:纤穗鹅观草2n=4x=28=20m+8sm(2sat);紫穗鹅观草2n=4x=28=22m(2sat)+6sm;假花鳞草2n=4x=28=24m(2sat)+4sm;肃草2n=4x=28=22m+6sm(2sat);小颖鹅观草2n=4x=28=22m+6sm(2sat);纤瘦鹅观草2n=4x=28=24m(4sat)+4sm;变颖鹅观草2n=4x=28=20m+8sm(2sat);毛花鹅观草2n=4x=28=24m(2sat)+4sm。它们的核型属1A或2A型。其中后5个物种的核型为首次报道。     

Validation of some Chinese species of Ilex L. (Aquifoliaceae)

Eight species, Ilex ficifolia C. J. Tseng ex S. K. Chen et Y. X. Feng, I. huiana C. J. Tseng ex S. K. Chen et Y. X. Feng, I. hirsuta C. J. Tseng ex S. K. Chen et Y. X. Feng, I. zhejiangensis C. J. Tseng ex S. K. Chen et Y. X. Feng, I. wugongshanensis C. J. Tseng ex S. K. Chen et Y. X. Feng, I. robustinervosa C. J. Tseng ex S. K. Chen et Y. X. Feng, I. syzygiophylla C. J. Tseng ex S. K. Chen et Y. X. Feng and I. verisimilis Chun ex C. J. Tseng ex S. K. Chen et Y. X. Feng, are valid- ly published here by the designation of holotypes.     

鹅观草属4个种核型与进化的研究

报道了鹅观草属(Roegneria C. Koch)4个种的核型,即中华鹅观草,核型为2n=4x=28=28m(2SAT);裸穗鹅观草,核型为2n=4x=28=24m+4sm(2SAT);缘毛鹅观草,核型为2n=4x=28=22m+6sm(2SAT);缘穗鹅观草,核型为2n=4x=28=24m(2SAT)+4sm。4个种核型的共征和自征反映了形态划分中共属分种的合理性。尤其通过核型不对称性和相对进化程度的分析,表明中华鹅观草最原始,缘穗鹅观草最进化,裸穗鹅观草和缘毛鹅观草演化居中;狭颖草系高级于缘毛草系。核型不对称性所表示的进化程度似乎与系间颖芒的发生,种间花序的增长变粗、外稃芒的延伸相关。     

中国冬青属一些种的确认

ＩｎｔｈｅｃｏｕｒｓｅｏｆｐｒｅｐａｒｉｎｇａｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅＡｑｕｉｆｏｌｉａｃｅａｅｆｏｒＦｌｏｒａＲｅｉｐｕｂｌｉｃａｅＰｏｐｕｌａｒｉｓＳｉｎｉｃａｅ,ｗｅｆｏｕｎｄｔｈａｔｖａｌｉｄｐｕｂｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｅｉｇｈｔｎａｍｅ...     

鹅观草属五个类群的核型与进化

报道了鹅观草属５个类群的核型,即长芒鹅观草,核型２ｎ＝４ｘ＝２８＝２２ｍ＋６ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）;短颖鹅观草,核型２ｎ＝４ｘ＝２８＝２０ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋８ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）;短柄鹅观草,核型２ｎ＝４ｘ＝２８＝２２ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋６ｓｍ;纤毛鹅观草,核型２ｎ＝４ｘ＝２８＝２０ｍ＋８ｓｍ（４ＳＡＴ）;毛盘鹅观草,核型２ｎ＝４ｘ＝２８＝１８ｍ＋６ｓｍ（４ＳＡＴ）＋４ｓｔ。同时,通过核型重要性状的递变分析,揭示了鹅观草属５个类群的相对进化程度以及宏观分类中４个组的系统发育关系,表明鹅观草属的半颖组在系统发育中可能既派生了颖体短小的小颖组,又派生了颖体长大的大颖组和长颖组。     

中国禾草三新种

报道了禾本科鹅观草属二新种和以礼草属一新种,即稀节鹅观草（Ｒｏｅｇｎｅｒｉａｌａｘｉｎｏｄｉｓ）,缩芒鹅观草（Ｒｏｅｇｎｅｒｉａｃｕｒｔｉａｒｉｓｔａｔａ）和沙湾以礼草（Ｋｅｎｇｙｉｌｉａｓｈａｗａｎｅｎｓｉｓ）．     

Novelities of Asteraceae

Seven new taxa, including one new section, three new species and three new varieties, are described; one new name, Ligularia pojarkovana S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho, and one new combination, Ligularia liatroides (C. Winkl.) Hand.-Mazz. var. shifangensis (G. H. Chen et W. J. Zhang) S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho are made; five species are mentioned as new records. The seven new taxa are Youngia sect. Cyanoglossa S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho, Youngia zhenduoi S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho, Y. cyanea S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho, Mulgedium qinghaicum S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho, Cremanthodium campanulatum (Franch.) Diels var. flavidum S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho, Ligularia amplexicaulis DC. var. nepalensis S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho, and L. paradoxa Hand. Mazz. var.palmatifida S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho.     

菊科新资料

记述了菊科6个属的一些新分类群和新分布,包含1个新组、3个新种、3个新变种、1个新名称、1个新组合和5个种的新记录。这些新分类群是黄鹌菜属蓝舌组、振铎黄鹌菜、蓝花黄鹌菜、青海乳苣、黄苞垂头菊、尼泊尔橐吾和半裂橐吾。     

Different maternal genome donor to Kengyilia species inferred from chloroplast trnL-F sequences

To reveal the maternal donor of species in genus Kengyilia, the chloroplast trnL-F sequences of 14 Kengyilia species and several related diploid species were analyzed by using Maximum Parsimony (MP) and Bayesian Inference (BI) methods. The species in Kengyilia were clustered in different clades, which indicated that Agropyron (P) is the likely maternal genome donor to Kengyilia melanthera, K. mutica and K. thoroldiana, while the maternal donor to Kengyilia batalinii, K. nana, K. kokonorica, K. kaschgarica, K. hirsuta, K. alatavica, K. gobicola, K. zhaosuensis, K. rigidula, K. longiglumis and K. grandiglumis was St or Y Roegneria genome.     

Genome constitution of Elymus tangutorum (Poaceae: Triticeae) inferred from meiotic pairing behavior and genomic in situ hybridization

Elymus tangutorum (Nevski) Hand.-Mazz (2n = 6x = 42) is a perennial species in the tribe Triticeae, which distributes in Nepal and north and northwest China. However, the genome constitution of E. tangutorum is controversial and its taxonomic status is not clear. Hybridizations of E. tangutorum were carried out with E. wawawaiensis J. R. Carlson & Barkworth (StH), Roegneria grandis Keng (StY), and E. dahuricus Turcz. ex Griseb. (StYH). Meiotic pairing in the hybrids E. tangutorum × E. wawawaiensis (StH), E. tangutorum × R. grandis (StY), and E. tangutorum × E. dahuricus (StYH) averaged 10.48, 11.12, and 20.92 bivalents per cell, respectively. The results suggested that E. tangutorum is an allohexaploid and contains the StYH genomes. Results of genomic in situ hybridization analysis strongly supported the chromosome pairing data. Therefore, E. tangutorum should be treated as Campeiostachys dahurica var. tangutorum (Nevski) B. R. Baum, J. L. Yang & C. Yen. Intergenomic rearrangements of E. tangutorum may be affected by environmental factors.