Dynamics of DNA synthesis in the gastric mucosa in ulcer

Anomalous DNA synthesis was seen in the stomach mucosa of mice with experimental stomach ulcer during different phases of the ulcerous process, using histoautoradiography. At the early stage of ulcer formation a decrease in the label index (LI) is seen. Formation of the ulcer, morphologically similar to the shronic one, is accompanied by growth of the number of DNA-synthesizing cells in its margins. Over a period of ulcer healing proliferative activity of epithelium decreases approximately to an initial level. Histoautoradiographic studies of bioptates of the stomach mucosa obtained under spot gastroscopy in patients suffering from the ulcerous disease allowed to reveal intensifying proliferative activity of epithelium in the ulcer margins. Similar changes in LI were found in gastritis, followed by the gland affection, and in atrophic gastritis.     

Role of the mucous barrier in the pathogenesis of stress ulcers of the stomach

Using the model of immobilizing stress in rats, it has been established that the content of sialic acids in the stomach mucous membrane (SMM) and blood serum rises with simultaneous activation of proteolytic enzymes in them. The preliminary adaptation to short stressor influences parallel with an antipathogenic effect normalizes the content of sialic acids in the blood serum and SMM. The conclusion is made on the essential role of the degradation of gastric mucus in pathogenesis of stress ulcers.     

Microionophoretic study of the mechanism of action of gamma-hydroxybutyrate

The effect of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHBA) on the extracellularly registered spontaneous electrical activity of nervous cells of the rabbit brain sensomotor cortex was studied using the microionophoretic technique. GHBA decreased the frequency of action potential in the majority of the neurons studied. A specific gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) blocking agent bicuculline prevented GBHA inhibitory effect. GHBA is suggested to interact with central GABA-receptors. The frequency of discharges increased in some neutrons due to GHBA, while GHBA prevented the development of GABA inhibitory effect. This is indicative of probable competitive relations between GHBA and GABA during their interaction with the same receptor. The conditions for the development of such relations are discussed.     

The effect of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid on the biosynthesis of macromolecules and metabolic paramagnetic centers in hepatocytes in acute radiation injury

It has been shown, that the single injection of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHBA) (100 mg/kg) to mice 30 min before irradiation (6 Gy) prevents whole-body irradiation-induced inhibition of DNA at early post-irradiation period. GHBA stimulates the biosynthesis of macromolecules at 1-2 days after irradiation. GHBA also prevents the increase in the degree of reduction of the mitochondrial and microsomal electron transport chains at early post-irradiation time (up to 2 h.), that takes place only under irradiation. It means, that GHBA inhibits the production of O2 radicals, which induce lipid peroxidation processes at post-irradiation period.     

Effects of opioid receptor ligands on DNA synthesis and histamine contents in the gastric mucosa and blood of white rats

Using autoradiographic study with 3H-thymidine and spectrofluorometric method the authors studied the influence of opioid receptors' ligands on the DNA synthesis in the stomach epithelium histamine content and the blood. Leu-encephalin, B-endorphin, dalargin, napoxone were administered intraperitoneally to male rats. The dose of injection was 0.1 ml per 100 g body weight. It was observed that B-endorphin and dalargin 1.5-1.6 fold increased the quantity of DNA-synthesised nuclei in the epithelium of fundal stomach section. Leu-encephalin and dalargin increased the histamine concentration in the stomach, at the same time dalargin caused a rapid decrease of histamine concentration in the blood. Naloxone also decreased histamine concentration in the stomach. The obtained results are being discussed in connection with dalargin therapy of ulcerous diseases.     

Catecholamine Concentration in the Developing Rat Brain after γ-Hydroxybutyric Acid

The effect of the GABA receptor agonist γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHBA) on brain catecholamine concentration was investigated in 1 to 28 day old rats. The infant rats were given GHBA in various doses (375–1500 mg/kg) and the effects on whole brain or regional brain concentration of dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) were measured. Brain DA concentration increased in a dose-dependent way already from two days of postnatal age. In the regional brain study of the 14- and 28-day-old animals the increase in DA concentration was found to be almost exclusively located in the striatal region. Generally, no changes in NA concentration were found in the whole brain or various brain regions at any of the ages after GHBA. It is concluded that the inhibitory striatal-nigral neurons, utilizing GABA as a transmitter, are functionally developed during early postnatal age.     

Optico-structural machine analysis of the nuclear chromatin and cytoplasmic SH-groups of epitheliocytes of the oral mucosa of healthy subjects and in peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum

By means of optico-structural machine analysis, epitheliocytes of mucous membrane of the oral walls have been studied in 21 healthy persons and in 30 persons suffering from ulcerous disease of the stomach and duodenum. Changes in densitometric parameters of epitheliocytic nuclei at the ulcerous disease demonstrate increasing amount of heterochromatin and, hence, increasing degree of cell differentiation. Changes in contents and distribution of SH-groups in cell cytoplasm indicate that keratin is accumulated in it and that keratinization processes in the mucous membrane epithelium increase. In this way it is shown that the densitometric parameters are informative on distribution of hetero- and euchromatin in nuclei and SH-groups in epitheliocytic cytoplasm of the mucous membrane in the oral wall for estimation of morphofunctional state of these cells, normal and under pathological conditions.     

Peculiarities of hemostasis reactivity under stress load in persons with different degree of physical training

Healthy young persons with different degrees of physical training have been impacted with exposure to a stress (a single physical exercise). It caused unidirectional hypercoagulative shifts and activation of anticoagulant and fibrinolytic blood systems. It was shown that changes of the untrained individuals' haemostatic parameters could be adjusted with adaptogen preliminary administration. The adaptogen administration in trained individuals resulted in disadaptive shifts in the haemostatic system. These contradictory changes indicate different levels of subject's adaptive potential.     

Role of Dopaminergic Mechanisms in the Formation of Stress-Induced Ulcer Damages to the Duodenum and Stomach in Rats

Intraperitoneal injections of 2.5 mg/kg reserpine daily for 3 days combined with immobilization/pain stress evoked the development of ulcerous damages to the duodenum and stomach in rats. This is accompanied by increases in the content of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in erythrocytes, level of vitamin C in the blood plasma, and activity of SOD in a homogenate of the duodenum tissue. Injections of 0.5 mg/kg L-deprenyl (i.p.) and 50 mg/kg pentoxifylline (i.p.) provided protection effects with respect to stress-induced ulcers; the influences of these agents were mutually potentiated.     

Fibro-inflammatory polyposis of the stomach: apropos of a case

The stomach fibro-inflammatory-polyp is distinguished from the eosinophilic granuloma by some authors because of their geographic assessments. It is an inflammatory affection represented by a pseudo tumoral lesion. We present a case concerning a woman, 62 years old, who presented since 10 years a Biermer anaemia; a neoplastic affection was suspected, and then denied by histopathologic exam. We shall discuss the pathogenic and therapeutic data proposed by the literature. Recently, the treatment of this benign lesion consists in endoscopic resection. There no recurrence or malignant degeneration.     

The characteristics of the opioid regulation of the afferent reactions of the stomach and duodenum to the early stages of their acute damage]

Acute cat experiments were conducted to study the effect of naloxone, moradol and dalargin on the formation of afferent reactions of gastroduodenal complex components by registration of cortical and subcortical evoked potentials during electrostimulation of the stomach and duodenum at an early stage of their acute lesion. It is found that agonists and antagonists of opiate receptors prevent the depression of afferentation of gastroduodenal complex components early after acute lesion. It is suggested that the main mechanism underlying the depression of gastric and duodenal afferent reactions at early post-alteration period may be related to activation of intraorganic opioid systems.     

The hordox correction of excessive proteolytic activity and the sialic acid content of the blood under an emotional influence on rabbits]

The influence of the acute emotional stress on the activity of proteolysis and content of free sialic acids in the blood under usual conditions and after the preliminary introduction of gordox has been studied in the experiment on rabbits. It is established that the parallel rise of their levels under stress reflects degradation of glycoproteins and fragments containing sialic acids under the influence of the increased activity of proteinases. Gordox, together with the inhibition of excessive activation of proteolysis, prevents the rise of the level of sialic acids under the influence of the stress action. The conclusion is made that it is expedient to use inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes for prevention of cellular lesions in stress.     

Regulation of secretory processes in parietal cells in the different stomach pathologies

This review deals with the analysis of the modern literature concerning molecular mechanisms of secretory activity of gastric mucosa cells and their importance during development of different pathologies. Gastric acid secretion is regulated by paracrine, endocrine and neural systems. The result of these systems functioning at the molecular level is signal transduction pathways activation by histamine, acetylcholine, gastrin and other mediators. Coupling of these agents with specific receptors located on the basolateral plasma membrane of parietal cells modulates acid secretion. It was shown that protein phosphorylation enzymes play the significant role in realization of functional and proliferative activity of the stomach secretory cells in physiological and pathological states. The key role of tyrosine protein kinases associated with growth factors is considered, which take part in regulation of acid secretion, have trophic influence on mucosa cells, protect it from acute injuries, stimulate cell proliferation and accelerate ulcer healing.     

Study of the "continuous cell antigen" and the human gastric mucosa]

The antigen common for continuous epithelial cell lines and gastric mucosa of humans described earlier was studied. This antigen was revealed in one more cell line, namely in that prepared from human mammary carcinoma MDA-MB-231, noncontaminated with HeLa cells. The antigen described can be detected in the exophytely growing adenocarcinomas of the stomach and in the mucosa of the carcinoma affected stomach at a distance of 10--12 cm from the site of affection; no such antigen was revealed in the endophytely growing carcinoma of the stomach and in mucosa areas surrounding gastric ulcer. The antigen is not a glycoprotein since glycoprotein fractions obtained by means of 1.2 M perchloric acid from the normal stomach mucosa homogenate and the E 16b extract were inactive in immunodiffusion with a sensitive serum. The electrophoretic mobility of the antigen was similar to that of globulin alpha1-beta2. This antigen is of interest since its detection or absence would possibly aid in determination of the initial type of cells from which development of carcinoma occurred, and in more precise recognition of the histological form of carcinoma of the stomach.     

The effect of GABA-ergic agents on the development of a neurogenic stomach lesion in rats

Neurogenic gastric lesions in rats were induced by combination of immobilization with 3-h long electrostimulation. After this stress a distinct decrease of noradrenalin and creatine phosphate content and then the activation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the stomach tissue was recorded. If the stress treatment was preceded by application of piracetam and fenibute, gastric tissue trophic was protected by way of prevention from a decrease of the content of noradrenalin, creatine phosphate and the activation of LPO.     

Effects of dalargin on the processes of cell division in the gastric epithelium during stress

Influence of dalargine on cell division in stomach epithelium of male rats, stressed by 4-hour immobilization was studied using autoradiographic 3H-thymidine test. Norepinephrine and diene conjugates content in stomach tissue were also determined in these animals spectrofluorometrically. Dalargine (10 micrograms/kg) gas injected to experimental group 40 min before stressing. Dalargine prevented stress-induced DNA-synthesis disturbances and stabilized proliferating cells pool just after the stress. It also decreased proliferation processes depression in 12 and 24 hours after stress and accelerated compensatory DNA-synthesis.     

The efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin in treating children with mucoviscidosis]

Ciprofloxacin clinical and bacteriological efficacies, as well as tolerability mainly with respect to chondrotoxicity were evaluated in the treatment of children with mucoviscidosis. The drug was shown to have high clinical and moderate bacteriological efficacies. As for its tolerability, adverse reactions chiefly associated with affection of the gastrointestinal tract, i.e. nausea, stomach pain, diarrhea, increased transaminase levels were recorded. The arthrotoxicity episode was single and transitory. The use of ciprofloxacin had no negative effect on the children growth. No chondrotoxic effect of ciprofloxacin in the treatment of children was observed which is explained in the paper. It is concluded that ciprofloxacin is in general an efficient and safe antibiotic useful for the treatment of children.     

Applicability of zinc complex of L-carnosine for medical use

Zinc complex of L-carnosine (L-CAZ; generic name Polaprezinc) is the first drug for oral administration in which zinc plays an essential role. L-CAZ was approved as an anti-ulcer drug of membrane protection type. Characterization of L-CAZ was achieved by various spectroscopic methods along with elemental analysis. Zinc ion coordinates with L-carnosine to form a quadridentate 1:1 complex of polymeric nature in order to maintain low strain of chelate rings. L-CAZ can remain in stomach juice without rapid dissociation and adhere to ulcerous lesion specifically, after which L-carnosine and zinc are released to heal the ulcer. L-CAZ exhibited high efficacy in clinical use without any serious side effect. L-CAZ exhibited an inhibitory effect on Helicobacter pylori. Physicochemical aspects on carnosine, zinc, and zinc complex can explain favorable features of L-CAZ as a drug.     

The role of the central nervous system imidazoline receptors in cardiovascular manifestations of emotional stress

The effect of central nervous system imidazoline receptors activation on basal blood pressure level, heart rate and arterial baroreceptor reflex in steady state and aversive emotional tension was tested in experiments on alert WKY, SHR and white bastard rats. It was found that the brain imidazoline receptors activation led to arterial baroreceptor reflex rise (both in resting and in emotional tension) and caused an emotional stress pressor effects decrease. No data proving involvement of imidazoline receptors in functioning of the systems maintaining level of blood pressure, were found.     

Titers of antibodies against antigen O of E. coli O14 in patients with inflammatory diseases of the large intestine

The content of serum antibodies to E. coli O14 O-antigen in patients with inflammatory diseases of the large intestine was studied in the passive hemagglutination test. These antibodies were detected in 77% of patients with nonspecific ulcerous colitis and in all patients with Crohn's disease; of these, 93.5% had antibody titers of 1:32 and greater, while none of the patients with ulcerous colitis showed such titers. This study has led to the conclusion that the detection of these antibodies in high titers can be one of the criteria for the differential diagnosis of nonspecific ulcerous colitis and Crohn's disease.