响应曲面法优化香蕉假茎中的果胶提取工艺

以香蕉假茎为原料,通过单因素实验及响应曲面法对影响果胶提取率的4个主要因素,包括:提取液pH、料液比、提取温度、提取时间进行优化。实验结果显示:香蕉假茎中果胶的最佳提取工艺参数为:pH1.9、料液比(g:mL)1∶40、提取温度79℃、提取时间131 min,该条件下果胶的得率为22.35%,半乳糖醛酸含量符合国家标准。     

柑橘皮中果胶的提取工艺条件研究

目的:研究柑橘皮中果胶的提取工艺条件,提高果胶资源的开发及利用度,为农产品深加工提供理论基础。方法:以柑橘皮为原料,采用盐酸提取、真空浓缩、乙醇沉淀的方法,以果胶提取率和吸光度为考察指标,在单因素试验基础上,进行多因素的L16(45)正交试验设计,研究了浸提时间、浸提温度、溶液pH值、乙醇用量和料液比等重要影响因素,对柑橘皮果胶提取率的影响,获得果胶提取最优化组合,建立最佳的果胶提取工艺参数。结果:最佳的工艺条件为提取温度80℃,料液比1:15,提取液pH1.5,浸提时间2h,乙醇用量80%。在此条件下,果胶提取率可达到11.82%。结论:本实验所得的果胶制备最佳工艺参数组合,能获得较理想的橘皮中果胶的提取率。果胶产品各项检测指标均达到或超过国家标准。     

柚皮果胶提取的工艺优化

果胶是在食品、医药和其它工业中应用的重要多糖之一,具有良好的胶凝化和乳化稳定作用,其用途很广。而据数据统计,果胶约占整个柚子总果胶重量的40%左右。因此,本论文以柚子皮为原料,用单因素和正交试验对酸水解乙醇沉淀法提取果胶的工艺进行优化。结果表明果胶提取的最优条件为:酸度为pH=2,提取温度为90℃,提取时间为70min。     

甘灵茶抗氧化成分的提取工艺研究

为了开发甘灵茶的应用价值,采用DPPH法对甘灵茶提取液的抗氧化性进行了研究。以提取液清除DPPH的效果为评价指标,采用单因素试验和正交试验,研究了甘灵茶的提取温度、pH值、提取时间、甘灵茶用量对抗氧化物质提取效果的影响,获得了提取的最佳工艺参数。结果显示：提取甘灵茶抗氧化物质的最优水平组合为提取温度为60℃、溶剂pH值为8.5、提取时间为15min、甘灵茶用量为3%,此条件下DPPH清除率为86.24%,多酚含量为0.187mg/mL,多糖含量为0.244mg/mL。     

黑米蛋白提取工艺的优化

以黑米为原料,研究黑米蛋白提取工艺的优化。采用"碱提酸沉"法,研究了提取液pH值、温度、搅拌速度、料液比、提取时间、及粒径大小等对黑米蛋白提取率的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,以L9(34)正交实验法优化黑米蛋白提取工艺。结果表明:各因素对黑米蛋白提取率的影响顺序依次为:pH值粒径料液比转速。本实验中,黑米蛋白提取的最佳工艺条件为:提取液p H 12.5、温度28℃、搅拌转速800 rpm、料液比1∶10 g/m L、提取时间为1 h、酸沉淀时间为1 h、粒径大小为能通过100目筛。优化后黑米水溶性蛋白提取率提高到96.77%,纯度为97.75%。     

正交试验法优化桑叶多糖提取工艺

以脱除黄酮的桑叶为原料,采用热水浸提法提取桑叶多糖,研究了提取温度、提取时间、料液比、水溶液pH和提取次数对桑叶多糖得率的影响,通过正交实验优化了提取工艺条件。结果表明,在提取次数为2次条件下,桑叶多糖最佳提取工艺条件为提取温度100℃、提取时间4 h、提取液pH7、料液比(原料:提取液,g/mL)1:30,多糖得率为2.74%。该工艺稳定,桑叶多糖得率高,易于工业化生产。     

柚子皮中果胶提取工艺的优化及其理化性质测定

以新鲜柚子皮为原料,将柚子皮处理成干燥的粉末,采用酸水解乙醇沉淀法提取果胶。在考察料液比、提取酸度、提取温度和提取时间等4个单因素提取效果的基础上,进行了L9（34）正交试验。结果表明,从柚子皮中提取果胶的最佳工艺条件为：料液比为1∶90、提取酸度为pH=2、提取温度为90℃、提取时间为60min。在上述条件下,制得的果胶成品为白色,产率为24.87%。在对果胶的提取工艺进行优化的同时,也对所得的果胶成品进行理化性质的测定。     

超声波协同热水提取铁钉菜多糖的研究

应用超声波技术,研究了液固比、超声波强度、提取时间、提取温度和pH对铁钉菜多糖提取率的影响。结果表明,超声波提取铁钉菜多糖最佳工艺条件为:料剂比为3:100(g:m l),不调pH值,在65℃,超声强度为70%(210w),超声30 m in。     

芭蕉芋叶绿素的分析鉴定及提取工艺

[目的]确定提取芭蕉芋叶绿素的最佳溶剂,准确鉴定芭蕉芋中的叶绿素,优化叶绿素提取工艺。[方法]对比氯仿、甲醇、90%乙醇、95%乙醇、100%乙醇、90%丙酮、95%丙酮、100%丙酮的提取效果,确定最佳提取剂;通过高效液相色谱与质谱联用手段,准确鉴定叶绿素a和b;在研究单因素提取温度、提取时间、固液比对叶绿素提取率影响的基础上以芭蕉芋叶为材料,95%乙醇为提取剂,采用正交实验设计研究各因素的显著性及叶绿素提取最佳工艺。[结果]确定了95%乙醇为最佳提取剂;准确鉴定了提取液中的叶绿素a和b;优化最佳提取条件为提取温度60℃,提取时间4 h,固液比1∶20。[结论]采用95%乙醇作为提取剂,在优化后条件下得到叶绿素提取率为75. 71%。     

石蒜中总生物碱提取条件研究

通过研究用酸性醇溶液提取石蒜生物碱的方法和条件,结果表明,提取石蒜生物碱较佳的工艺条件是:提取液pH值1,提取时间为2h,提取液乙醇浓度为50%。     

Optimization of pectin extraction from lemon by-product with acidified date juice using response surface methodology

Response surface methodology was used to optimize pectin recovery from lemon by-product using an acidified date juice as extraction solution. When enriched in pectin, this latter can be useful for preparation of date-lemon jelly. The effects of three parameters namely temperature, pH and extraction time, on pectin extraction were studied. The fitted mathematical model allowed us to plot response surfaces as well as isoresponse curves and to determine optimal extraction conditions. Results clearly indicated that the temperature was the main factor influencing the pectin yield which increased with temperature and time or decreasing pH. The selected optimal conditions were: temperature 84.34 °C; extraction time 3 h 34 min and pH 2.8. These conditions yielded about 11.21% of pectin versus 10.89% for the predicted value.     

无花果果皮中花青素的提取工艺的建立

本研究使用单因素方法考察了无花果(Ficus carica L.)果皮中花青素的最佳提取条件,并考察了7种参数对花青素提取率的影响。参数设置如下:溶剂性质(水,甲醇,乙醇和丙酮)、提取次数(1~3次)、固液比(1/50,1/100,1/150和1/200)、提取时间(60 min,120 min,180 min和240 min)、甲醇浓度(0,20%,40%,60%,80%和100%)、酸类型(盐酸,乙酸,柠檬酸和酒石酸)和酸浓度(0,1%,2%,5%和10%)。使用pH-示差法测量无花果果皮中单体花色素的含量。研究显示,无花果果皮中花青素的最佳提取条件为:溶剂为甲醇溶剂,提取次数为2次,固液比为1/100,提取时间为180 min,甲醇浓度为80%,酸类型为柠檬酸,柠檬酸浓度为5%。该最佳提取条件下的花青素的提取率达到最高(345.62 mg/100g DS)。     

Assessment of leaf/stem ratio in wheat straw feedstock and impact on enzymatic conversion

The composition of wheat straw leaf and stem fractions were characterized using traditional strong acid hydrolysis, and monoclonal antibodies using comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP). These results are then related to high throughput lignocellulose pretreatment and saccharification screening data. Pure leaf fraction of wheat straw was the least recalcitrant compared to pure stem and easily digested by commercial cellulases after moderate hydrothermal pretreatment; 63% and 31% (w/w) of glucan, 88% and 61% of xylan were released from the leaf and stem fractions, respectively. By preparing samples of various leaf‐to‐stem (L/S) ratios, we found shifting conversion behavior as processing parameters were modified. Increasing the enzyme dosage, pretreatment temperature and pretreatment time all significantly improved conversion rates in samples with more than 50% leaf content, whereas less impact was observed on samples with less than 50% leaf content. Enzyme affinity, desorption and readsorption with leaf and stem fractions may affect the sugar yield in wheat straw saccharification. The data suggest that the L/S ratio is an important parameter when adjusting or optimizing conversion processes and additionally in feedstock breeding. Furthermore, this highlights the need for rapid techniques for determining L/S ratio in wheat straw harvests. The CoMPP data on specific carbohydrates and leaf pectin highlight carbohydrate epitopes that may be useful as markers in the development of novel screening techniques; especially pectin or arabinogalactan proteins related epitopes are promising.     

基于绿色低共熔溶剂法高效提取鸡骨草中的黄酮和皂苷

为了研究鸡骨草中总黄酮和总皂苷的最佳提取工艺,通过单因素试验和星点设计-响应面法,对低共熔溶剂的性质(如种类、组分摩尔比、含水量)、提取温度、提取时间、液料比等多个因素进行考察。结果显示,总黄酮的最佳提取条件为:摩尔比1∶2、含水量30%的氯化胆碱/乙二醇作溶剂,提取温度80℃,提取时间40min,液料比15∶1(mL/g);总皂苷的最佳提取条件为∶摩尔比1∶4、含水量25%的氯化胆碱/乳酸作溶剂,提取温度80℃,提取时间64min,液料比56∶1(mL/g)。在最佳条件下,总黄酮和总皂苷的提取率较传统提取溶剂分别提高了33.3%和96.4%。本研究为鸡骨草中黄酮和皂苷的高效、安全提取提供了一条新思路。     

Isolation and characterization of pectin from peel of Citrus tankan

A pectin was extracted from the peel of Citrus tankan with a yield of 2.75%. The uronic acid content was 80.0%, and the degree of methoxylation was 63.2%. The pectin was composed of D-GalA, D-Gal, L-Ara and L-Rha in the molar ratio of 100:11.3:3.6:2.6. The molecular weight was estimated to be approximately 9.2 x 10(4). The pectin formed a gel by conventional procedures.     

向日葵茎芯多糖的提取工艺优化及其体外抗肿瘤活性研究

研究了向日葵茎芯中主要活性物质多糖的提取工艺,并对此工艺进行了优化,选取的提取方法为水提醇沉法,以多糖含量作为指标,采用单因素试验研究了提取次数、原料颗粒的大小（目数）、料液比、提取时间、提取温度对向日葵茎芯多糖含量的影响。用苯酚-硫酸法测定提取液中多糖的含量,得出向日葵茎芯中多糖的最佳提取工艺条件为：提取次数2次,原料颗粒的大小（目数）60~80目,料液比（g·mL^-1）1：50,提取时间3.0 h,提取温度90℃,在最优提取条件下,多糖的提取得率为6.56%,多糖的含量为266.03 mg·g^-1。本文也对多糖的体外抗肿瘤活性进行了研究,结果表明向日葵茎芯多糖的体外抗肿瘤活性较弱。这些条件的确定为向日葵茎芯的深入研究奠定了基础。     

MODEL DEVELOPMENT AND PROCESS OPTIMIZATION FOR SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF POLYPHENOLS FROM RED GRAPES USING BOX–BEHNKEN DESIGN

The objective of the present study is to find out the optimum extraction conditions for extraction of polyphenols from red grapes using Box–Behnken design. Red grapes polyphenols were extracted using acid–ethanol solvent at various extraction temperature (40–60°C), extraction time (20–100 min) and different solid–liquid ratio (1:5–1:15 g:ml). The effect (main and interactive) of extraction conditions on total anthocyanin, phenolic and flavonoid content were studied using Box–Behnken design (three factors at three levels). The results showed that the contribution of the quadratic model was significant for all the responses. Second-order mathematical regression models were developed and were found to fit well with observed data. Derringer's desirability function methodology was performed to find out the optimal conditions based on both individual and combinations of all responses (extraction temperature: 57°C, time: 61 min, and solid–liquid ratio: 1:8.7 g:ml) were established. At this optimal condition, the anthocyanin yield, total phenolic and flavonoid content were 73.92 mg/100 g, 221.4 mg GAE/100 g, and 79.08 mg CE/100 g, respectively. A desirability value of 0.902 was achieved at this point.     

Acid hydrolysis of fibers from dairy manure

Concentrated acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials is a conventional treatment process for the production of mono-sugars. However, this method has been proved ineffective and undesirable for the treatment of dairy manure due to the high nitrogen content of dairy manure and the environmental issues caused by the use of highly concentrated acid solution. In an effort to overcome these barriers, a modified acid hydrolysis process with short reaction time was introduced that involved a nitrogen-removing pretreatment followed by decrystallization with concentrated acid and then hydrolysis using dilute acid. The effects of nitrogen, acid concentration, reaction time, and temperature were investigated. A pretreated manure with a low nitrogen content of 1.3% was used as the substrate. The results indicated that the optimal conditions for fiber decrystallization were 75% acid concentration, 3:5 sample to acid ratio (weight basis), and 30 min of reaction time; while the optimal conditions for acid hydrolysis were 12.5% acid and 10% dry sample at 135 degrees C for 10 min. These conditions produced 26 g/L glucose at a yield of 84% and 11 g/L hemicellulose-sugars at a yield of 80%.     

双歧杆菌发酵番茄生产保健饮料

以新鲜的番茄为原料,加工成番茄汁后,采用双歧杆菌发酵生产制成保健饮料,通过单因素及正交实验确定最佳发酵条件为:菌种添加量为4%,发酵温度37℃,发酵时间10 h,原汁质量分数60%;辅料添加量:果胶0.15%,PGA0.1%,黄原胶0.1%,磷酸二氢钠0.05%;产品调配的最佳配方为:蜂蜜4%,蔗糖3%,水果香精2%