Yeasts from U.S.A. soils

Summary Investigations of yeasts from 38 U.S.A. soils samples show the occurrence of 22 different species (16 sporogenous and 6 asporogenous).The most widespread species were Pichia fermentans and Hansenula anomala. The other isolated species were Saccharomyces ellipsoideus, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Pichia membranefaciens, Saccharomyces smittii, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, Saccharomyces uvarum, Torulaspora rosei, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, Zygosaccharomyces n. sp., Hansenula saturnus, Hansenula californica, Hansenula n. sp., Hansenula suaveolens, Debaryomyces n. sp., Torulopsis glabrata, Torulopsis n. sp. Candida tropicalis, Candida robusta, Rhodotorula glutinis, Trichosporon cutaneum and Trichosporon cutaneum var. multisporus.     

Killer yeasts of Kluyveromyces and Hansenula genera with potential application in fermentation and therapy

The killing/immunity interactions among killer strains of the genera Kluyveromyces, Hansenula and Saccharomyces from the Czechoslovak Collection of Yeasts were studied with the aim to find the strains with broad specificity and killer activity targeted against a range of undesirable wild yeasts causing stuck fermentations. Among 49 tested Kluyveromyces strains, five strains were found, and among 55 Hansenula strains, ten yeast strains were found with activity against a sensitive strain of Saccharomyces. Hansenula mrakii CCY 38-7-1 and Hansenula saturnus var. subsufficiens CCY 38-4-2 showed exceptional activity against the wine contaminants, Zygosaccharomyces bailii, as well as against pathogenic Candida species within a broad range of pH 2.9–5.1. Their potential biotechnological application is discussed.     

Comparison between the yeast flora of Middle Eastern and Western European soft drinks

Samples of a carbonated orange drink, raw materials, and intermediate products originating from 6 Iraqi bottling plants were examined. 69 drinks, 4 flavoured syrups and 19 simple syrups contained yeasts, whereas all samples from one plant and all samples of beverage base were free from viable yeasts. From the orange drink 2 species were isolated viz. Saccharomyces montanus and Torulopsis stellata. The following species were present in simple syrup: Hansenula anomala, Sacch. bisporus var. mellis, T. candida and T. stellata. Sacch. bisporus var. mellis was also isolated from flavoured syrup. Representative strains were submitted to routine growth tests at reduced oxygen tension, at reduced water activity and on solid soft-drink media containing various amounts of anti-microbially active benzoic acid at pH 3.0. The results are discussed and compared to those obtained in European soft drinks.     

The taxonomy of yeasts isolated fromDrosophila in the Yosemite region of California

Summary A survey was made of the yeasts occurring in the intestinal tract of wild species ofDrosophila occurring in the Yosemite Region of California. Two hundred and forty one yeasts, representing 42 species and varieties, were identified. Each isolate was obtained from a different fly. Almost half of the isolates belong toSaccharomyces. The most common species in this genus wereS. montanus (36 isolates),S. veronae (30 isolates),S. cerevisiae var.tetrasporus (22 isolates) andS. drosophilarum (13 isolates). Further species are listed in Table 1.Zygosaccharomyces fermentati Naganishi was shown to be a distinct species and not a synonym ofS. cerevisiae. In order to avoid confusion with another yeast of the same name, it has been proposed to change the nameZ. fermentati toS. montanus Naganishi. Two new species ofSaccharomyces were described,S. wickerhamii andS. kluyveri. S. mangini var.tetrasporus has been renamedS. cerevisiae var.tetrasporus. A non-cellobiose attacking strain ofS. drosophilarum has been designated tentativelyS. drosophilarum var.acellobiosa. A new species of the genusPichia was described asP. xylosa. Saccharomyces pastori andSaccharomyces pini were transferred to the genusPichia on the basis of arguments given in the preceding paper. A new species ofTrichosporon was described asTr. aculeatum on the basis of the presence of characteristic needlelike cells. Common species besides those mentioned inSaccharomyces wereHansenula angusta (19),Kloeckera apiculata (15),Kl. magna (13), andTorulopsis stellata (10). Other genera represented wereHanseniaspora, Cryptococus, Rhodotorula, Candida andOospora. Evidence was obtained that many species of imperfect genera consist of distinctly different physiological types.     

A new check-list of the mosses of Turkey

Abstract

The check-list includes a list of genera, species, subspecies and varieties of Turkish mosses. It is composed of 726 species, subspecies and varieties representing 164 genera and 42 families. Accompanying the lists are a systematic arrangement of the genera, species and varieties and lists of synonyms, excluded species and of annotations. Three mosses, Pseudoleskeella rupestris (Berggr.) Hedenäs & L. Söderstr., Isothecium myosuroides Brid. var. brachythecioides (Dixon) C.E.O. Jensen, Eurhynchium hians (Hedw.) Sande. Lac. var. rigidum (Boulay) J.-P. Frahm are recorded as new for the moss flora of Turkey.     

El género Perinereis (Annelida,Polychaeta, Nereidae) en Chile

The present work is a systematic study of the species oí Perinereis in Chile. A new species, P. longidonta n.sp. is described.

The characterizations were based on material collected by the authors (P. falklandica, P. longidonta n.sp., P. nuntia var. vallata) and specimens deposited in the U.S. National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, collected in Easter Island and Juan Fernández archipelago (P. helleri, P. camiguinoides). The characterization of P. pseudocamiguina is taken from the literature, since specimens were not available. P. gualpensis Jeldes 1963 is probably related to P. nuntia var. vallata but it was not possible to compare them due to lack of material.

A key for the 6 valid species of Perinereis in Chile is included: P. camiguinoides, P. falklandica, P. helleri, P. longidonta n.sp., P. nuntia var. vallata, and P. pseudocamiguina.     

The taxonomy,phytogeography and conservation of the Fissidens flora of Singapore,with one new species,F. pseudoceylonensis

Abstract

The Fissidens flora of Singapore has been investigated and shown to consist of 16 species, including one new species, F. pseudoceylonensis . F. crispulus var. robinsonii is proposed as a new combination and two taxa (F. mittenii var. javensis M.Fleisch. and F. ceylonensis ssp. simplex M.Fleisch.) are reduced to synonyms of F. pellucidus Hornsch. and F. ceylonensis Dozy & Molk. respectively. The biodiversity of Singapore's Fissidens flora is compared with that of Peninsular Malaysia and Pulau Tioman and the ecological and conservation implications are discussed.     

Distichophyllum chenii B.C.Ho sp. nov. (Daltoniaceae) from Southeast China

Abstract

Despite the genus Distichophyllum having been revised recently for the Moss Flora of China, upon examination of a wide range of both Chinese and non-Chinese material a distinct new species was found among existing specimens collected from China. The new species, Distichophyllum chenii, is described based on specimens previously misidentified and reported as Distichophyllum cirratum var. cirratum. Published illustrations of D. cirratum var. cirratum based on a misidentified collection of D. collenchymatosum are highlighted to avoid further future taxonomic confusion.     

共头霉的单孢孢子囊变种

我们从江苏、浙江两省采到的一些样品中分离得到六株毛霉菌种并鉴定为分别属于三个变种的同一个新种,即单孢共头霉原变种(Syncephalastrum monosporum Zheng et al.sp. nov. var. monosporum),单孢共头霉冠囊变种(Syncephalastrum monosporum Zheng et al. var. cristatum Zheng et al. var. nov.),以及单孢共头霉多重生变种(Syncephalastrum monosporum Zheng et al. var. pluriproliferum Zheng et al. var. nov.).它们与共头霉属的唯一已知种总状共头霉(Syncephalastrum racemosum Cohn ex Schroeter)的主要区别在于全部孢子囊都是单孢的小型孢子囊(柱孢囊)而不是像后者一样孢子成单行排列的多袍柱孢囊.我们把这些菌归人共头霉属而没有为它们专门成立一个新属的理由除因它们与总状共头霉有明显的亲缘关系外,主要还因我们认为在不具备其它重要区别特征的情况下,在毛霉目的分类中,无论在科级或属级的水平上,都不应过分强调单孢孢子囊的作用.尽管单孢共头霉是毛霉目内唯一具单孢子柱孢囊的种,我们仍然把它们归入共头霉属内.至于我们为什么要把这六株菌鉴定为一个种的三个变种而不是三个各自独立的种,则是由于我们承认共头霉属的唯一已知种总状共头霉是一个变异性很大的种而并没有把它分成许多不同的种,因此,我们对这个属的另外一个种,即单孢共头霉同样采用较大的种概念.     

Novelties in spermacoceae (Rubiaceae) from Bolivia and Paraguay

One new Bolivian species (Borreria pazensis) and three new varieties (Borreria densiflora var.minima, Richardia, scabra var.chacoensis andStaelia virgata var.killeenii) are described and illustrated. The genusDiodella, with three species (D. apiculata comb. nov., D. radula comb. nov., andD. teres), is reported for the first time.Borreria limae, B. wunschmannii, B. scabiosoides var.scabiosoides, andB. scabiosoides var.anderssonii are also reported as new to Bolivia.     

New taxa ofCosmarium Corda (Desmidiaceae) from Karnataka State,India

Six new taxa including two new species (Cosmarium bourrellyi Bongale sp. nov. andC. desikacharyi Bongale sp. nov.) and four new varieties (C. auriculatum var.protrusum Bongale var. nov.,C. pachydermum var.inflatum Bongale var. nov.,C. pseudoconnatum var.tuberculans Bongale var. nov. andC. quadrum var.rotundatum Bongale var. nov.) are reported. Algae were collected from a paddy field at Belgaum.     

Pohlia muyldermansii Wilcz. & Dem. var. pseudomuyldermansii var. nov., a new name for P. muyldermansii Wilcz. & Dem. sensu Lewis & Smith

Abstract

The results of a comparative study of Pohlia muyldermansii from Continental Europe and the British Isles are presented. Two varieties are recognized, var. muyldermansii from Belgium and the Netherlands and var. pseudomuyldermansii var. nov. from Great Britain, Ireland, Austria and Switzerland. P. camptotrachela is reported from Belgium and differences between this species and P. muyldermansii discussed.     

Verbreitung und Ökologie derVaucheria-Arten (Tribophyceae) des Elbe-Ästuars und der angrenzenden Küste

From the Elbe estuary and the adjacent North Sea coast, 19 species ofVaucheria are on record. Their horizontal and vertical distribution pattern as well as their association with macrophyte communities are described. With regard to ecological salinity tolerance and distribution below or above mean high water, 7 ecological groups ofVaucheria species are defined. Dominating species which form extensive algal mats in the upper eulittoral zone areVaucheria compacta var.dulcis (freshwater and oligohalinic section of the estuary),V. compacta var.compacta (mesohalinic section) andV. velutina together withV. subsimplex (polyhalinic and euhalinic section). The rare speciesV. vipera is recorded for the first time from the German coast.

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Herrn Dr. Dr. h. c. Peter Kornmann zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet.

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Adressat für Sonderdruckwünsche: Prof. Dr. L. Kies.     

On some sporogenous yeasts and their imperfect stages

Summary In a systematic study of about 300 supposedly anascosporogenous yeast cultures it was found that nine strains actually did form ascospores. A further investigation of these strains, together with a comparative study of evidently closely related asporogenous strains, led to the following results. Mycocandida pinoyisimilis (A. Cast.) Red. et Cif. var. Citelliana Red. et Gif. proved to be identical with Saccharomyces fragilis Jörgensen. Monilia pseudotropicalis A. Cast. = Candida pseudotropicalis (A. Cast.) Basgal has to be considered as the imperfect stage of Saccharomyces fragilis Jörgensen. Monilia macedoniensis A. Cast. = Blastodendrion macedoniense (A. Cast.) Lang, et Guerra, as well as the variety macedoniensoides [= Candida macedoniensis (A. Cast.) Berkh. var. macedoniensoides (A. Cast.) Westerdijk], should in future be designated as: Saccharomyces macedoniensis Diddens et Lodder.The yeast incorrectly named by Beijerinck: Saccharomyces fragrans proved to be the imperfect stage of Saccharomyces macedoniensis Diddens et Lodder. Hence the correct designation of the species in question appears to be: Candida macedoniensis (A. Cast.) Berkh. Monilia javanica Went et Prinsen Geerligs proved to be identical with Hansenula anomala (Hansen) Sydow.A Monilia species isolated by Molle from intertrigo blastomicetico proved to be identical with Hansenula javanica (Groenewege) Dekker. Candida pelliculosa Red. is the imperfect stage of the last mentioned species.A strain received from Ota, and labeled: Myceloblastanon gifuense Taniguchi — which, however, did not answer the diagnosis of this species — proved to be identical with Debaryomyces Matruchoti Grigoraki et Péju.     

Festuca rohlenae (Poaceae): A neglected taxon of the Montenegro

Abstract

Festuca porcii var. angustifolia is raised to the rank of a species under the new name F. rohlenae. It is an endemic of SE Dinarides in Montenegro, and it is most similar to the Carpathian F. porcii. Both species have the “broad‐leaved syndrome” and exhibit an intermediacy between “fine‐leaved” and “broad‐leaved” fescues. The comparative morpho‐anatomical data and the distribution map as well as basic ecological information of F. rohlenae are herewith presented.     

New or little known epiphyllous liverworts,XX Cololejeunea nosykombae A.Szabó & Pócs sp.nov. from Madagascar

A new epiphyllous Cololejeunea species is described from Nosy Komba Island of northwest Madagascar. Two varieties are distinguished, var. nosykombae and var. laevis. The species is distinguished by its acute, swallow-tail shaped perianth wings, unique in the genus, and by the special leaf dentition in its typical variety. The new species seems to be endemic to the small Nosy Komba Island. Conservation aspects are discussed and the new species is considered to be critically endangered.     

A contribution to the taxonomy of Piptadenia (Mimosaceae) in South America

Four new species ofPiptadenia are described:P. anolidurus (from Amazonian Ecuador, Peru and Brazil),P. buchtienii (from trans-Andean Bolivia),P. cuzcoënsis (from southern Peru), andP. imatacae (from Venezuelan Guayana); andP. adiantoides var.peruviana J. F. Macbr. is raised in rank toP. peruviana. In relation toP. imatacae the transfer ofP. uaupensis Benth. andP. floribunda Kleinhoonte toAdenopodia Presl is shown to be ill-advised. The affinities of each new species are discussed and critical characters are illustrated.Mimosa tessmanii Harms is newly synonymized withP. uaupensis.

     

Einige für die bulgarische Flora neue und seltene Arten

The author reports new for the science and new and rare plants species for the Bulgarian Flora. The new species for the science are Ranunculus stojanovii sp. nov. and Ophioglossum vulgatum L. var. ovatum var. nov. R. stojanovii grow wild near Ravnogor village, Pazardžik district (Rhodopi mountain at 1200 m.s.l.). O. vulgatum L. var. ovatum is collected in the meadows at Banja village near by Karlovo town, Plovdiv district. The new species for the Bulgarian Flora are Erythronium dens-canis L. ssp. niveum (Baumg.) Buia et Paun, collected at Radovci village, Tarnovo district, and Parentucellia latifolia L. f. albiflora (Raul) Hall, collected at Banja village, Plovdiv district. The remaining 21 species are rare for the Bulgarian Flora. New localities are indicated for them.