重组大肠埃希菌发酵工艺的影响因素及策略

重组大肠埃希菌的高密度发酵是现代发酵工程研究的一个热点 ,也是基因工程产品大规模生产的重要技术。采用高密度培养技术 (Ｈｉｇｈｃｅｌｌ ｄｅｎｓｉｔｙｃｕｌｔｒｅ,ＨＣＤＣ) ,也就是高密度发酵技术 ,提高菌体的发酵密度 ,最终提高产物的比生产率 ,不仅可减少培养体积、优化下游分离提取 ,还可以缩短生产周期、降低生产成本 ,从而极大地提高在市场上的竞争力。这一目的的实现 ,除了重组菌本身的表达性质外 ,还必须赋予重组菌生长和产物表达的最适环境条件 ,包括适宜的培养基组成、宿主菌的选择、补料的调控、代谢副产物的限制、比生…     

重组毕赤酵母高密度发酵生产内切型纤维素酶的条件优化

为优化内切型纤维素酶高密度发酵工艺条件,在7.5L发酵罐高密度发酵条件下,研究内切型纤维素酶表达量以及毕赤酵母胞外蛋白酶合成水平的影响因素。研究表明:经340mL甘油补料发酵后,在甲醇诱导阶段,pH为5.0,温度为25℃,利用甲醇检测流加控制器控制甲醇体积分数为0.33%～0.35%时,EGI表达量可达421.1IU/mL,比采用固定甲醇流加速率的发酵方法提高了1.49倍。     

表达血管生长抑制素的重组毕赤酵母在诱导阶段混合碳源的流加

为进行高密度发酵并实现外源基因的高表达,在表型为Mut^S的重组毕赤酵母（Pichia pastoris）表达人血管生长抑制素的诱导阶段,采用了甘油甲醇混合补料的培养方式。以溶氧水平作为甘油代谢指针来控制甘油限制性流加既可维持一定菌体生长,又不会发生发酵液中残余甘油及有害代谢产物（乙醇）阻遏蛋白表达。当表达阶段的菌体平均比生长速率控制于0.012h^-1,菌体浓度达150 g/L,血管生长抑制素浓度最高达到108 mg/L,血管生长抑制素的平均比生产速率为0.02 mg/(g·h),菌体关于甘油的表观得率为0.69 g/g,菌体关于甲醇的表观得率为0.93g/g,较没有采用甘油限制性流加时都有所提高。     

重组大肠杆菌产普鲁兰酶的高密度发酵工艺研究

以表达普鲁兰酶的重组大肠杆菌作为出发菌株,在摇瓶培养的基础上,建立了大肠杆菌工程菌产普鲁兰酶的高密度发酵工艺。通过测定细胞密度、细胞干重、分离菌体可溶性成分与不溶性成分及SDS-PAGE电泳,分析重组大肠杆菌的生长和普鲁兰酶的表达情况。摇瓶试验使用合成培养基和LB培养基,重组大肠杆菌在合成培养基生长较慢,诱导5 h的普鲁兰酶表达量高于LB培养基,包涵体比例低于LB培养基。重组大肠杆菌的高密度发酵使用合成培养基,补料阶段采用指数流加的工艺,在设定细胞的比生长速率为0.12的前提下,限制补料中碳源的供应,以阻止乙酸的产生。当细胞密度OD600达到70.0开始诱导,最终细胞密度为每升53.3 g细胞干重,细胞内可溶性普鲁兰酶为每升1.35 g。     

不同控制模式对毕赤酵母表达IL-2-HSA的比较研究

以溶氧（DO）和甲醇浓度作为控制指标,分别考察了诱导表达阶段DO和甲醇浓度对毕赤酵母高密度发酵表达白介素-2-白蛋白融合蛋白（IL-2-HSA）的影响。通过实验比较得出：诱导阶段控制DO对IL-2-HSA表达影响不明显,而甲醇浓度对IL-2-HSA影响很大。高甲醇浓度（15～25g／L）有利于IL-2-HSA的表达,发酵结束时的表达量约是低甲醇浓度（5～8g／L）诱导下的2倍。此外,在诱导阶段,通过限制性添加甘油可以有效提高菌体的呼吸活性,促进菌体生长。     

重组毕赤酵母高密度发酵表达H5N1禽流感病毒糖蛋白

在10L发酵罐中,对高致病性禽流感病毒H5N1糖蛋白HA1在重组毕赤酵母中的表达发酵工艺进行了研究。通过分批补料培养方法探讨不同培养温度、诱导温度、补料方式、微量元素等因素对菌体的生长以及重组蛋白表达和活性的影响。结果表明,菌种培养和诱导温度均为25oC时,菌体的生长、分泌表达量和与广谱中和抗体的反应活性较好;微量元素是影响重组HA1蛋白生物活性的重要因素;通过优化高密度发酵工艺,H5N1病毒糖蛋白HA1在发酵罐中的表达量比摇瓶培养提高10.5倍,达到约120mg/L,为大规模制备高致病性禽流感病毒的HA1蛋白奠定了基础。     

可溶性TRAIL蛋白的高密度培养及补料策略研究

采用分批补料的方法高密度培养重组大肠杆菌C600/PbvTRAIL制备人可溶性TRAIL蛋白,优化发酵工艺,探索简单高效的分离纯化方法并测定蛋白生物活性。通过比较几种不同的补料策略：间歇流加、Dostat、pHstat,摸索了一种流加策略,即DOstatpHstat组合流加,有效的避免了发酵过程中,尤其是诱导表达阶段乙酸积累的增加,使TRAIL蛋白在高密度培养条件下,得到高效表达。菌体密度最终达到300g/L（WCW）以上,可溶性TRAIL蛋白占菌体总蛋白的4.2%,含量为1.1g/L。在整个发酵过程中,乙酸浓度接近于0,且未使用任何特殊手段,如纯氧、加压等,简化了发酵工艺,降低了发酵成本,为TRAIL的工业化生产创造了条件。     

甘油相控制策略对重组毕赤酵母表达瑞替普酶(reteplase)的影响

研究了甘油补料策略对毕赤酵母表达reteplase(rPA)的发酵过程中细胞的生长和rPA表达的影响。通过将对甘油补料速率由10g/L.h-1增大到20g/L.h-1,细胞比生长速率,甘油的比消耗速率,甘油得率等都得到极大提高。而且,诱导期细胞生长,甲醇消耗和rPA的生成速率都增加,rPA的最大表达量从140.2mg/L增加到199.5mg/L。此另外,甘油补料时间也是影响rPA表达的重要因素,甘油补料时间短,细胞密度小,表达rPA少,甘油补料时间长,细胞密度增大,rPA的表达速率也增加,但是到诱导后期,细胞死亡率增大,蛋白酶释放增加,rPA的降解增强。     

氨离子浓度对重组毕赤酵母的生长和血管生长抑制素表达的影响

本研究采用流加补料培养方式培养重组巴斯德毕赤酵母（Pichia pastoris）,表达血管生长抑制素（Angiostatin）。整个培养过程分为甘油为碳源的生长阶段和以甲醇为碳源的诱导阶段。全过程用氨水调节pH时,诱导阶段菌体生长受到抑制,蛋白的最大表达量为9.08mg/L。进行不同氨离子浓度的摇瓶培养,证实在以甲醇为碳源时,氨离子浓度对菌体的生长有明显的影响。高密度培养中改用2mol/L的KOH溶液调节pH,诱导阶段菌体有缓慢的生长,蛋白最大表达量增为20mg/L。     

重组大肠杆菌高表达高密度发酵研究

大肠杆菌高密度高表达发酵技术是现代发酵工程的重要研究课题,此项技术可以有效地提高大肠杆菌的产量和外源重组蛋白的表达量,该文就影响大肠杆菌高密度发酵的主要因素如宿主菌类型、培养基组成、培养条件、生长抑制物质、补料调控等进行了阐述和讨论。     

重组大肠杆菌高密度发酵生产RGD-TRAIL的条件优化

本文以一株产RGD-TRAIL的重组大肠杆菌为研究对象,在10L发酵罐中考查了诱导温度、pH值、溶氧、流加葡萄糖对重组大肠杆菌生长和RGD-TRAIL蛋白表达的影响。结果表明:诱导温度25℃,pH值控制7.0,溶氧控制30%,以5g·L~(-1)·h~(-1)流速流加葡萄糖最有利于菌体生长和蛋白表达,菌体收率和RGD-TRAIL产量分别达到45.99g·L~(-1)和160.2mg·L~(-1)。     

Fed-batch high-cell-density fermentation strategies for Pichia pastoris growth and production

Pichia pastoris is extensively used to produce various heterologous proteins. Amounts of biopharmaceutical drugs and industrial enzymes have been successfully produced by fed-batch high-cell-density fermentation (HCDF) of this cell factory. High levels of cell mass in defined media can be easily achieved and therefore large quantities of recombinant proteins with enhanced activities and lower costs can be obtained through HCDF technology. A robust HCDF process makes a successful transition to commercial production. Recently, efforts have been made to increase the heterologous protein production and activity by the HCDF of P. pastoris. However, challenges around selecting a suitable HCDF strategy exist. The high-level expression of a specific protein in P. pastoris is still, at least in part, limited by optimizing the methanol feeding strategy. Here, we review the progress in developments and applications of P. pastoris HCDF strategies for enhanced expression of recombinant proteins. We focus on the methanol induction strategies for efficient fed-batch HCDF in bioreactors, mainly focusing on various stat-induction strategies, co-feeding, and the limited induction strategy. These processes control strategies have opened the door for expressing foreign proteins in P. pastoris and are expected to enhance the production of recombinant proteins.     

Methanol induction optimization for scFv antibody fragment production in Pichia pastoris

Fibronectin splice variant ED B (extracellular domain B) is a promising marker for angiogenesis in growing solid tumors. Currently, recombinant antibodies against ED B are being investigated concerning their potential use, for either therapeutic or diagnostic purposes. Single-chain antibody fragments directed against the ED B can be efficiently expressed in Pichia pastoris; thus, a recombinant strain of the methylotropic yeast P. pastoris was used for this work. Three different forms of scFv antibody fragment are found in the supernatant from this fermentation: covalent homodimer, associative homodimer, and monomer. Both homodimeric forms can be converted to the monomeric form (under reducing conditions) and be efficiently radiolabeled, whereas the monomeric form of scFv already present in the supernatant cannot. It was also found that the fraction of protein in the monomeric form is highly dependent on the mode of induction rather than scFv concentration. This suggests that the monomeric form of the scFv present in the supernatant might be a result of events occurring at the expression, secretion, or folding level. A high cell density fermentation protocol was developed by optimizing methanol induction, yielding the highest scFv antibody fragment production rate and product quality; cell concentration at the induction point and specific methanol uptake rate were found to be the most important control variables. A decrease in specific methanol uptake rate led to a higher specific production rate for the scFv antibody fragment (5.4 microg g(cell) h(-1)). Product quality, i.e., percentage of product in a homodimeric form, also increased with the decrease in methanol uptake rate. Furthermore, the volumetric productivity depended on cell concentration at the induction point, increasing with the increase of cell concentration up to 320 g L(-1) wet cell weight (WCW). The reduction of the methanol feeding rate for induction, and consequently of the oxygen uptake rate, have important consequences for optimizing product titers and quality and thus on the scale-up of this production process; hence one of the major limitations upon high cell density cultivation in bioreactors is keeping the high oxygen transfer rate required. From the results obtained, a scale-up strategy was developed based on the available oxygen transfer rates at larger scales, allowing the definition of the optimum biomass concentration for induction and methanol feeding strategy for maximization of product titer and quality.     

Effects of fermentation feeding strategies prior to induction of expression of a recombinant malaria antigen inEscherichia coli

Summary A variety of feeding strategies have been described for attaining high cell densities in fed-batch fermentors. Although cell density is an important component in the produtivity of recombinant fermentations, it must be achievable with high product expression levels. Experiments were conducted to study the influence of fermentation feeding strategies on the production of a recombinant malaria antigen inEscherichia coli. C-source feeding profiles were calculated to maintain specific growth rates at 0.1, 0.2, 0.35, and 0.5 l/h prior to induction in defined and complex media using an exponential growth model. Fed-batch fermentations employing these feeding profiles effectively controlled the specific growth rates prior to induction. Antigen yields per dry cell weight did not vary with specific growth rate. Antigen yields from fed-batch fermentations achieving high cell densities were similar to batch fermentations achieving low cell densities. These results show that C-feeding policies can limit growth without reducing expression levels in some systems, and suggest applications in managing oxygen demand and catabolic by-product formation during process scale-up.     

甲醇/山梨醇共混流加控制溶氧改善毕赤酵母表达猪圆环病毒Cap蛋白的发酵性能

研究在重组毕赤酵母(GS115,Mut+)表达猪圆环病毒Cap蛋白的发酵过程中,甲醇毒害作用以及溶氧波动影响目的蛋白的正常表达。基于对甲醇和山梨醇代谢途径的分析,将C源流加的手动调节与反馈控制相结合,提出了1种新型的甲醇/山梨醇共混诱导策略,能够将溶氧稳定地控制于某一设定值,同时避免甲醇毒害作用。使用该策略将溶氧控制于20%的批次,C源(甲醇和山梨醇)添加过少,导致Cap蛋白表达量较低(54 mg/L);而将溶氧控制于10%的批次,C源流加速率适宜,Cap蛋白表达量达到198 mg/L,表达水平明显高于采用传统甲醇诱导策略(0 mg/L)和DO-stat诱导策略的批次(121 mg/L)。     

重组毕赤酵母产青霉素G酰化酶的分批发酵动力学研究

构建了重组毕赤酵母产青霉素G酰化酶的分批发酵动力学模型。实验考察了分批发酵过程中甘油消耗、甲醇浓度、菌体浓度、溶氧、补料时间对青霉素G酰化酶活力的影响。应用Matlab软件,对菌体生长、基质消耗和产物生成方程进行最优参数估算和非线性拟合,得到相应的动力学模型。模型的计算值与实验值能较好地拟合,表明所建模型能较好反映重组毕赤酵母产青霉素G酰化酶的分批发酵过程。     

Kinetics of inclusion body production in batch and high cell density fed-batch culture of Escherichia coli expressing ovine growth hormone.

A process for maximizing the volumetric productivity of recombinant ovine growth hormone (r-oGH) expressed in Escherichia coli during high cell density fermentation process has been devised. Kinetics of r-oGH expression as inclusion bodies and its effect on specific growth rates of E. coli cells were monitored during batch fermentation process. It was observed that during r-oGH expression in E. coli, the specific growth rate of the culture became an intrinsic property of the cells which reduced in a programmed manner upon induction. Nutrient feeding during protein expression phase of the fed-batch process was designed according to the reduction in specific growth rate of the culture. By feeding yeast extract along with glucose during fed-batch operation, high cell growth with very little accumulation of acetic acid was observed. Use of yeast extract helped in maintaining high specific cellular protein yield which resulted in high volumetric productivity of r-oGH. In 16 h of fed-batch fermentation, 3.2 g l-1 of r-oGH were produced at a cell OD of 124. This is the highest concentration of r-oGH reported to date using E. coli expression system. The volumetric productivity of r-oGH was 0.2 g l-1 h-1, which is also the highest value reported for any therapeutic protein using IPTG inducible expression system in a single stage fed-batch process.