木姜子属三种植物油的脂肪酸成分

山苍子、天目木姜子、桂北木姜子种子油中脂肪酸成分均主含月桂酸(34.6—75.4%)。桂北木姜子果肉油的脂肪酸成分与其种子油不同,主要成分是亚油酸。生长在不同地区(湖南、福建、杭州等省市)的山苍子种子含油量及其脂肪酸成分是有差异的。采用减压分馏、硝酸银硅胶桂层析和液液分配层析方法,从山苍子种子油脂肪酸中分离出 C_(10)—C_(14)烯酸。通过高碘酸钠、高锰酸钾氧化方法、红外光谱、核磁共振和质谱分析,确定它们是顺式4-十碳烯酸、顺式4-十二碳烯酸和顺式4-十四碳烯酸。     

中国樟科新分类群

描写了西藏墨脱县的９个新种和两个新变种,它们是墨脱油丹、西藏球楠、扁果木姜子、勃生木姜子、少花木姜子、树志木姜子、柔毛长蕊木姜子（变种）、西藏新木姜子（变种）、纤枝钓樟等。     

中国高等植物省级分布新记录（一）

报道了桦木科和樟科共20种植物在我国11个省区中的分布新记录,其中西藏分布新记录的有柱果琼楠、钝叶桂,更是山胡椒、假辣子、钝叶木姜子、黄心树,粗壮润楠和瑞丽润楠;云南分布新记录的有巫山新木姜子;广西分布新记录的有黄心树;甘肃分布新记录的有大叶木姜子;陕西分布新记录的有猴樟,山西分布新记录的有秦岭木姜子;河北分布新记录的有岳桦;浙江分布新记录的有桂北木姜子;福建分布新记录的有广西新木姜子;江西分布新记录的有尖叶木姜子、华南木姜子和凤凰润楠;湖南分布新记录的有披针叶榛和四川新木姜子。     

松属植物种子油脂肪酸的分布及化学分类探讨

用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)方法分析了6种双维管束松亚属树种:赤松(Pinus densiflora Sieb.etZucc.)、黑松(P.thambergii Parl.)、油松(P.tabulaeformis Carr.)、巴山松(P.henryi Mast.)、黄山松(P.taiwanensis Hayata)、马尾松(P.massoniana Lamb.)和2种单维管束松亚属树种:白皮松(P.bungeanaZucc.)及红松(P.koraiensis Sieb.et Zucc.)的种子油脂肪酸成分。结果表明这8种松属植物的种子油脂肪酸成分有相似的分布情况:最主要成分都是亚油酸C_(18:2(9,12));都同时含有3种Δ~5的不饱和脂肪酸:C_(18:2(5,9)),C_(18:3(5,9,12))和C_(20:3(5,11,14))。这两个特征可以作为松属(Pinus L.)的化学分类证据。结果还表明同一属内各种间的种子油脂肪酸成分无明显差别。     

福建九阜山野生芳香植物资源及其开发利用

对福建省尤溪县九阜山省级自然保护区野生芳香植物资源进行调查,结果表明,该区共有野生芳香植物47科91属132种,占福建省芳香植物89科306属758种的52.8%、29.7%和17.4%。优势科有樟科(22种)、蔷薇科(10种)、兰科(10种)、唇形科(9种)、菊科(7种)、木兰科(5种)、木犀科(4种)、芸香科(3种)、报春花科(3种)、桑科(3种)、金镂梅科(3种);优势属有山胡椒属(6种)、樟属(4种)、润楠属(4种)、蔷薇属(4种)、蒿属(4种)、木姜子属(3种)、石楠属(3种)、珍珠菜属(3种)。开发利用价值较大的种类有马尾松、草珊瑚、鱼腥草、山苍子、樟树、黄绒润楠、刨花润楠、乌药、黄丹木姜子、胡颓子、石荠苎、枫香、金樱子、黄栀子、金银花与艾蒿等。对该区野生芳香植物的种类组成、芳香部位、生活型、分布以及开发利用途径进行了分析,并提出开发利用对策。     

西双版纳热带季节雨林四种珍稀濒危树种种子萌发对脱水和光的响应

绒毛番龙眼(Pometia tomentosa)、琴叶风吹楠(Horsfieldia pandurifolia)、箭毒木(Antiaris toxicaria)和思茅木姜子(Litseapierrei var. szemois)是西双版纳热带季节雨林乔木层的优势树种,也属于珍稀濒危物种。实验研究了4个树种的种子在经过不同脱水水平、人工遮荫条件下的不同光照水平以及热带季节雨林之林下和林窗的萌发特性。结果显示:脱水对于种子萌发特征具有显著影响,绒毛番龙眼和琴叶风吹楠经48h的连续脱水后丧失了萌发能力;箭毒木和思茅木姜子具较强的脱水耐性,经96h的连续脱水后仍具有较高的种子含水量,且种子萌发率分别为15%和33%。干旱季散布的种子比雨季散布的种子具有更强的脱水耐性。遮荫及森林种子萌发试验中,除绒毛番龙眼外,其它3个树种的种子萌发率以及平均萌发周期在不同光水平或生境下差异显著。琴叶风吹楠和思茅木姜子在30%的光照以及林窗中心的萌发率要显著低于低光处理(10%和3.5%光照)和林下,而箭毒木在30%和10%光水平以及林窗中心获得较高萌发率。雨季传播的具有干燥敏感性的种子,可以减少种子由于干燥而引起的死亡。试验结果可以为4种珍稀濒危植物的保护和人工繁育提供一定理论依据。     

湖南植物志资料（一）木兰科、八角科、五味子科、樟科、水马齿科补遗

本文报道了湖南植物新记录共计１１种,隶属于５科１０属．归并樟科植物３种２变种：将石木姜子ＬｉｔｓｅａｆａｂｅｒｉＨｅｍｓｌ．和近轮叶木姜子Ｌ．ｓｕｂｖｅｒｔｉｃｉｌｌａｔａＹａｎｇ归入黄丹木姜子Ｌ．ｅｌｏｎｇａｔａ（Ｗａｌｌ．ｅｘＮｅｅｓ）Ｂｅｎｔｈ．ｅｔＨｏｏｋ．ｆ．,将长梗绒楠ＭａｃｈｉｌｕｓｖｅｌｕｔｉｎａＣｈａｍｐ．ｅｘＢｅｎｔｈ．ｖａｒ．ｌｉｎｇｉｐｅｄｕｎｃｕｌａｔａＣ．Ｊ．Ｑｉ归入绒毛润楠Ｍ．ｖｅｌｕｔｉｎａＣｈａｍｐ．ｅｘＢｅｎｔｈ．,将短梗新木姜子ＮｅｏｌｉｔｓｅａｂｒｅｖｉｐｅｓＨ．Ｗ．Ｌｉ归入美丽新木姜子Ｎ．ｐｕｌｃｈｅｌｌａ（Ｍｅｉｓｓｎ）Ｍｅｒｒ．,将紫云山新木姜子Ｎ．ｗｕｓｈａｎｉｃａ（Ｃｈｕｎ）Ｍｅｒｒ．ｖａｒ．ｐｕｂｅｎｓＹａｎｇｅｔＰ．Ｈ．Ｈｕａｎｇ归入巫山新木姜子Ｎ．ｗｕｓｈａｎｉｃａ（Ｃｈｕｎ）Ｍｅｒｒ．．     

鱼鳞云杉种子油中顺-5,9,12-十八碳三烯酸的分离和鉴定

在东北松科鱼鳞云杉(Picea jezoensis Carr.)种子油脂肪酸的分析中,发现有三种不常见脂肪酸未予鉴定,其中一种含量高达25.9％。对此我们进行了分离鉴定,确证为顺-5,9,12-十八碳三烯酸。此酸芬兰Eero Elomaa已有报导。 本实验分析了东北松科其余11种种子油脂肪酸的组成,发现它们都含有顺-5,9,12-十八碳三烯酸,但在我们分析过的东北其他科属180种种子油的脂肪酸中,未发现上述不     

斑籽树(Baliospermum axillare)种子油的新羟基脂肪酸

在Baliospermum axillare种子油中发现一种微量成分的脂肪酸,经证实为迄今尚未知的11,13-2羟基反-9-廿四烯酸(axillarenic acid)。     

江西省樟科富油能源植物的开发利用研究

樟科是一个富油能源植物重点科。通过文献查阅、野外考察和种子实测, 结果表明: 江西省樟科植物共有14 属89种, 其中种子含油量在60%以上的有6种; 含油量在50%-60%的有14种, 含油量在30%-50%有7种; 从油脂价值、经济价值、生态价值和资源潜力等方面进行综合评价, 表明: 大叶新木姜、鸭公树、山鸡椒、木姜子、黑壳楠、月桂、鳄梨、阴香、樟、黄樟、潺槁等11种优良能源植物, 值得开发利用和推广种植。尤其是大叶新木姜、鸭公树、山鸡椒, 其分布广, 适应性强, 果实大, 易采摘, 且单株产量高而极具开发前景。     

Fatty Acid Composition of Three Species of Litsea

The seed oils of three species (Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers, L. auriculata Chien et Cheng, L. subcoriacea Yang et P. H. Huang) were examined and the fatty acid composition of these oils was determined by GLC. Their major fatty acid was identified as lauric acid, Its amount ranged from 34.6%–75.4%. The major acid of the fruit coat oil from L. subcoriacea Y. H. Huang was different from that of the seed oil. The former contained 50% linoleic acid. The unsaturated C10, C12, C14 acids of the seed oil from L. cubeba (Lour.) Pers were separated by distillation, column chromatography and were identified by Periodate-Perman-ganate oxidation, IR, NMR and MS. They are cis-4-decenoic, cis-4-dodecenoic and cis-4-tetradecenoic acids respectively.     

A Study on the System of Lindera

This paper is an attempt to discuss the relationship and phylogeny within the genus Lindera, based upon on analysis of shortened brachlets, on which the inflorescences are inserted, and other morphological characters. The shortened branchlets are metamorphic shoots which are often at the transitional stage between branchles and inflorescences. The advanced shortened branchlets usually with an undeveloped terminal bud, posses scale-like leaves, and the inflorescences so formed are sessile and aggregate. In primitive taxa, such as Lindera nacusua (Don) Merr., L. gracilipes H. W. Li and L. tanchuanensis Feng et H. S. Kung, the branchlet is usually not shortened, with well-developed terminal bud, forming a single axillary pseudo-umbel, while its peducle is usually very slender and stamens of pistillate flower sometimes more or less developed. The leaves on the upper part of branchlet are normal and the lower part of branchlet becoming bracteal, In the genus the development of shortened branchlets (Fig. 1.) from the ones in the primitive taxa to the ones in the advanced taxa may be found. Other important morphological characters are the length of peducles. The peduncle is usually slender in the primitive taxa, short or even sessile in the adanced taxa. There are two types of venation in the genus: the pinnate and trinerved. As the primitive group trib. Perseeae Mez shows pinnate veins, pinnate ventation in Lindera is more primitive than trinerved one. It might be possible that a transition occure in the genus from evergereen habit to deciduous one as shown in Lindera glauca B1., L. angustifolia Cheng and L. praecox B1., whose leaves tardily wither but persistent over winter. The relationships within Lindera are shown in a hypothetical genealogical tree (Fig. 4), which includes the system of Litsea, developed parallelly with Lindera. From the study of morphological characters, the author infers that both Lindera and Litsea have originated from a common ancestory related to the tribe Cinnamomeae Baill. which has a single axillary inflorescence, with hermaphrodite flowers, 4-locular anthers and penninerved to trinerved leaves.     

西藏苔藓新植物

本种与多蒴异齿藓R．orthostegius相似,但区别为蒴柄平滑,叶边有单细胞锐齿,中肋达于叶尖稍下处终止。     

Analysis of the fixed oils of the genus Nigella L. (Ranunculaceae) in Turkey

The fatty acid composition of fixed oils obtained from the seeds of 10 species of Nigella (Nigella orientalis L., Nigella oxypetala L., Nigella latisecta P.H. Davis, Nigella segetalis Bieb., Nigella arvensis L., Nigella damascena L., Nigella elata Boiss., Nigella nigellastrum (L.) Willk., Nigella unguicularis (Lam.) Spenner, and Nigella lancifolia Hub.-Mor.) from Turkey have been investigated. The seeds contained 17.6–41.3% fixed oils. Linoleic (31.21–69.5%) and oleic acids (15.79–36.03%) were the major fatty acids in the oils. Eicosenoic acid was found in high amounts in the oils of N. nigellastrum and N. unguicularis seeds (23.12 and 17.47%, respectively). N. nigellastrum, N. elata and N. unguicularis seed oils showed the highest concentration of eicosadienoic acid (9.40, 8.39 and 7.17%, respectively). In all fixed oils, the quantities of unsaturated fatty acids were higher than those of the saturated analogues.     

The fatty acid compositions of seed oils and their significance in the taxonomy of the family Ulmaceae

22 kinds of seed oils were extracted from 8 genera of the family Ulmaceae in China The seed oils were examined for their characteristics and fatty acid compositions by gas liquid chromatography. The fatty acid compositions of these oils were found to fall into two classes. Some genera (such as Ulmus, Zelkova) contain mainly lower saturated acids, in which the chief acid is capric acid 10:0, while the genera (such as Celtis, Pteroceltis, Aphananthe, Trema, Gironniera) contain mainly unsaturated acids, in which the chief acid is linoleic acid 18:2. Hemiptelea davidii (Hance) Planch contain however either certain amount of short-chain saturated acids or higher unsaturated acids, it appears a intermediate genus between the two classes. According to the component acids we support that the Ulmaceae be split into two subfamilies. The genera arrangement based on the component acids corresponds basically with the view based on mophological characters and flavonoids found in leaves of Ulmaceae, but there are some discrepancies in certain genera, for example, the Aphananthe should beplaced in Celtoid instead of Ulmoid by the present study.     

Differentiation of free-living Anabaena and Nostoc cyanobacteria on the basis of fatty acid composition.

The cellular fatty acids of free-living, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria belonging to the genera Anabaena and Nostoc were analyzed to differentiate the genera. The fatty acid compositions of 10 Anabaena strains and 10 Nostoc strains that were grown for 12 days on BG-11o medium were determined by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Of the 53 fatty acids detected, 17 were major components; the average level for each of these 17 fatty acids was at least 0.9% of the total fatty acids (in at least one of the genera). These fatty acids included (with mean percentages in the Anabaena and Nostoc strains, respectively) the saturated fatty acids 16:0 (30.55 and 23.23%) and 18:0 (0.77 and 1.27%); several unsaturated fatty acids, including 14:1 cis-7 (2.50 and 0.11%), 14:1 cis-9 (3.10 and 3.41%), a polyunsaturated 16-carbon (sites undetermined) fatty acid with an equivalent chain length of 15.30 (1.20 and 1.03%), 16:4 cis-4 (0.95 and 0.87%), 16:3 cis-6 (2.16 and 1.51%), 16:1 cis-7 (1.44 and 0.36%), 16:1 cis-9 (6.53 and 18.76%), 16:1 trans-9 (4.02 and 1.35%), 16:1 cis-11 (1.62 and 0.42%), 18:2 cis-9 (10.16 and 12.44%), 18:3 cis-9 (18.19 and 17.25%), 18:1 cis-9 (4.01 and 5.10%), and 18:1 trans-9 (0.92 and 1.94%); and the branched-chain fatty acids iso-16:0 (2.50 and 1.14%) and iso-15:1 (0.34 and 2.05%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

白毛新木姜子[Neolitsea aurata var. glauca]胚胎学研究

应用光学显微镜对白毛新木姜子的胚胎学特征进行了研究,首次在非寄生性樟科植物中发现了细胞型胚乳。对樟科8属进行了胚胎学特征的比较。花药四室,药室壁的发育属于“基本型”,周原质团型绒毡层。小孢子母细胞连续型分裂。等四面体型四分体。二细胞成熟花粉,无孔沟。雌孢原多个,一般仅一个能继续发育。蓼型胚囊。助细胞具丝状器。反足细胞宿存。大孢子母细胞和合子具极性。宿存的一个助细胞具有吸器功能。细胞型胚乳,胚胎发育属于柳叶菜型的三叶变型。种皮源于外珠被,内表皮细胞壁螺旋状加厚。胚胎学特征表明,新木姜子属与木姜子属有密切的亲缘关系。较多的双胚囊异常现象,支持樟科与Monimiaceae具有紧密关系的推测。胚胎学特征不支持将无根藤属独立为科的观点。     

中国木兰科各属次生木质部的解剖特征及系统演化

综述了中国木兰科10属的次生木质部解剖学特征,包括导管分子,纤维管胞和木射线。同时,进一步讨论了其系统演化。这10属分为两亚科,即:木兰亚科(Magnoliodeae),包括木兰族(Magnolieae)和含笑族(Michelieae Law),木兰族有木莲属(Maglietia Bl.)、华盖木属(Manglietiastrum Law)、木兰属(Magnolia L.)、拟单性木兰属(Parakmeria Hu et Cheng)、单性木兰属[Kmeria(Pierre) Dandy]、长蕊木兰属(Alcimandra Dandy)共六属;含笑族有含笑属(Michelia L.)、合果木属(Paramichelia Hu)、观光木属(Tsoongiodendron Chun)共三属。鹅掌楸亚科[Liriodendroideae(Bark) Law],仅鹅掌楸属(Liriodendron L.)一属。大量的木材解剖学研究表明,木兰科的原始性很明显,但也有一些进化特征。可以通过属间的差别来分析本科的系统演化。木兰科的系统演化可简单总结为:木兰亚科[木兰族(木莲属,华盖木属,拟单性木兰属,单性木兰属→木兰属,长蕊木兰属)→含笑族]→鹅掌楸亚科。