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微生物消毒剂抗性机理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在物体表面和传播介质中,消毒剂能有效抑制或杀死微生物,广泛用于食品、卫生、健康、防疫等领域.在新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间,全球消毒剂的使用量激增,对有效防控病毒传播和防止疫情扩散起到重要作用.但消毒剂的不正确使用会降低其有效性,甚至会诱导微生物产生抗性,从而增加传染性疾病的传播风险.微生物的消毒剂抗性... 相似文献
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在物体表面和传播介质中,消毒剂能有效抑制或杀死微生物,广泛用于食品、卫生、健康、防疫等领域。在新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间,全球消毒剂的使用量激增,对有效防控病毒传播和防止疫情扩散起到重要作用。但消毒剂的不正确使用会降低其有效性,甚至会诱导微生物产生抗性,从而增加传染性疾病的传播风险。微生物的消毒剂抗性基因还会通过繁殖传代增殖或在不同种属间水平转移而加剧其污染和传播风险,严重威胁到公共卫生安全。目前,抗生素抗性基因(ARG)的广泛出现引起了全球对公共卫生的关注,但对消毒剂的抗性认识非常有限。本文综述了近年来微生物对消毒剂抗性的研究,着重就微生物通过形成生物膜、降低细胞膜通透性、过量表达外排泵、产生消除或减弱消毒剂的特异性酶、改变作用靶点等方式产生抗性的机理进行综述。另外针对微生物消毒剂抗性的获得和传播,对染色体和质粒介导的抗性基因、环境中微生物消毒剂抗性与抗生素抗性的关联进行了论述。消毒剂抗性基因能通过质粒、噬菌体等可移动遗传元件,以转化、转导或接合的方式转移传播,对科学消毒提出新要求。 相似文献
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目的:研究多药耐药大肠杆菌对不同消毒剂的抗力水平,为临床上合理选择消毒剂提供依据。方法:采用营养肉汤稀释法及悬液定量杀菌实验分别测定临床分离出的具有多重耐药性的大肠杆菌对临床常用消毒剂的最低抑茵浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)及不同作用时间消毒剂对菌株的杀灭率,并与大肠杆菌标准株的测定结果进行比较。结果:不同消毒剂对多药耐药大肠杆菌的MIC值不同,洁芙柔消毒凝胶的MIC值为2.8±1.9,绿莎新爱尔施牌消毒片的MIC值为2583.4±1107.2,爱护佳免洗手消毒液的MIC值为144.63:86.9,安尔碘II型皮肤消毒剂的MIC值为16.1±7.7。4种常用消毒剂对多要耐药大肠杆菌的MIC值均高于标准菌,绿莎新爱尔施牌消毒片及爱护佳免洗手消毒液的MIC值与标准大肠杆菌较为接近。另外,4种常用消毒剂在常用浓度下对标准大肠杆菌和多药耐药大肠杆菌作用5min的杀灭率均能打到100%,标准大肠杆菌的被杀灭率略高于多药耐药大肠杆菌。结论:多药耐药菌株对消毒剂的抗性日益受到关注,使用时调整浓度、加强消毒剂科学管理对控制医院感染具有重要意义。 相似文献
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消毒剂是一种可杀灭物体表面、器材设备、皮肤、空气和水源等传播媒介上携带的病原微生物的有机分子。它在体外能杀灭病原微生物,切断其传播途径,进而达到控制污染的目的,在生命安全防控中起着重要的作用。但是不合理地使用消毒剂导致细菌对消毒剂产生耐药。消毒剂耐药基因在不同种属间的水平转移加剧其传播风险,使消毒剂耐药情况进一步恶化。更令人担忧的是,细菌对消毒剂的耐药可能会导致对抗生素产生共耐药,给公共安全带来巨大的威胁。但目前为止,对消毒剂耐药以及共耐药的认识还不够全面。本文总结了关于细菌对消毒剂耐药的研究报道,对消毒剂的作用机制、细菌对消毒剂的耐药机制进行了论述,另外针对消毒剂耐药基因的传播以及细菌对消毒剂和抗生素的共耐药进行了综述,为减少消毒剂耐药性的产生和制定合理的消毒剂使用规范奠定基础。 相似文献
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消毒剂是一种可杀灭物体表面、器材设备、皮肤、空气和水源等传播媒介上携带的病原微生物的有机分子。它在体外能杀灭病原微生物,切断其传播途径,进而达到控制污染的目的,在生命安全防控中起着重要的作用。但是不合理地使用消毒剂导致细菌对消毒剂产生耐药。消毒剂耐药基因在不同种属间的水平转移加剧其传播风险,使消毒剂耐药情况进一步恶化。更令人担忧的是,细菌对消毒剂的耐药可能会导致对抗生素产生共耐药,给公共安全带来巨大的威胁。但目前为止,对消毒剂耐药以及共耐药的认识还不够全面。本文总结了关于细菌对消毒剂耐药的研究报道,对消毒剂的作用机制、细菌对消毒剂的耐药机制进行了论述,另外针对消毒剂耐药基因的传播以及细菌对消毒剂和抗生素的共耐药进行了综述,为减少消毒剂耐药性的产生和制定合理的消毒剂使用规范奠定基础。 相似文献
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创面MRSA对消毒剂产生抗性和MRSA易形成生物膜影响了创面消毒效果。本文就近年来的相关研究进展及临床策略进行了综述。 相似文献
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摘要:目的 了解临床分离的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)耐消毒剂基因携带状况及其对消毒剂抗性水平。方法 采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)法和体外抗菌试验方法进行实验室检测。结果 10株临床分离的MRSA中,检出4株携带qacA/B基因,检出率为40.0%。含氯消毒剂对4株qacA/B基因阳性MRSA的MIC值均高于标准菌株。戊二醛消毒剂对2株MRSA基因阳性MRSA的MIC值和1株MRSA基因阳性MRSA的MBC值高于标准菌株,其他均与标准株相同。结论 临床分离的MRSA qacA/B基因阳性率较高,携带qacA/B基因阳性的MRSA对含氯消毒剂有产生抗性的趋势。 相似文献
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Alberto Mariscal Rosa M. Lopez-Gigosos Manuel Carnero-Varo Joaquin Fernandez-Crehuet 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2009,82(4):773-783
A new, quick method, using the resazurin dye test as a bacterial respiration indicator, has been developed to assay the antibacterial
activity of various substances used as disinfectants against bacterial biofilm growth on clinical devices. Resazurin was used
to measure the presence of active biofilm bacteria, after adding disinfectant, in relation to a standard curve generated from
inocula in suspension of the same organism used to grow the biofilm. The biofilm was quantified indirectly by measuring the
fluorescent, water-soluble resorufin product produced when resazurin is reduced by reactions associated with respiration. Four products used as disinfectants and the
biofilm growth of five bacterial species on carriers made of materials commonly found in clinical devices were studied. Under
test conditions, chlorhexidine, NaOCl, ethanol, and Perasafe at concentrations of 0.2, 0.01, 350, and 0.16 mg/ml, respectively,
all produced 5-log reductions in biofilm cell numbers on the three different carriers. The redox-driven test depends on bacterial
catabolism, for which reason resazurin reduction produces an analytic signal of the bacterial activity in whole cells, and
therefore could be used for determining disinfectant efficacy in an assay based on the metabolic activity of microorganisms
grown as biofilm or in suspension. 相似文献
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慢性炎症和感染性疾病与致病菌生物膜(biofilm,BF)的形成密切相关,目前治疗BF相关疾病还局限于应用抗生素,但抗生素滥用会导致多重耐药,治疗不彻底会引起慢性感染,预防和治疗BF相关疾病的新方法亟待提出。随着益生菌生物制剂应用价值的不断体现与验证,益生菌生物制剂不断发展为消除某些致病菌BF感染的新方案。其中发展的最好的莫过于乳杆菌活菌制剂,大量的科研文献及临床实践已证明其具有强大的益生潜力,特别是在抑制致病菌生物膜方面,这为临床治疗BF相关感染开拓了新视野。本文主要综述当前国内外乳杆菌对生物膜作用及其机制的研究进展,旨在通过综述相关研究进展为临床治疗生物膜相关感染提供全新思路。 相似文献
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肠道是机体最大的生物库,定植着以细菌为主的种类繁多的微生物,共同构成肠道菌群。正常情况下肠道菌群与机体处于动态平衡,当各种原因引起肠道屏障功能损坏,致使细菌的数量、比例发生改变或空间上发生转移将引起肠道细菌移位,最终导致机体各种功能障碍。本文对肠道细菌移位的研究进行综述,为其防治提供相应的理论依据。 相似文献
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Venturi V Davies C Singh AJ Matthews JH Bellows DS Northcote PT Keyzers RA Teesdale-Spittle PH 《Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology》2012,26(3):94-100
The mycalamides belong to a family of protein synthesis inhibitors noted for antifungal, antitumour, antiviral, immunosuppressive, and nematocidal activities. Here we report a systematic analysis of the role of drug efflux pumps in mycalamide resistance and the first isolation of mycalamide E. In human cell lines, neither P-glycoprotein overexpression nor the use of efflux pump inhibitors significantly modulated mycalamide A toxicity in the systems tested. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it appears that mycalamide A is subject to efflux by the principle mediator of xenobiotic efflux, Pdr5p along with the major facilitator superfamily pump Tpo1p. Mycalamide E showed a similar efflux profile. These results suggest that future drugs based on the mycalamides are likely to be valuable in situations where efflux pump-based resistance leads to failure of other chemotherapeutic approaches, although efflux may be a mediator of resistance in antifungal applications. 相似文献
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细菌性阴道病是妇科常见疾病,对女性、胎儿和新生儿的健康构成严重威胁.阴道微生物群落中产H2O2的乳酸杆菌与厌氧菌数量发生转换为其主要特征,具体机制不清.本文系统综述了近年来细菌性阴道病的细菌因素研究进展. 相似文献
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Tetracyclines probably penetrate bacterial cells by passive diffusion and inhibit bacterial growth by interfering with protein
synthesis or by destroying the membrane. A growing number of various bacterial species acquire resistance to the bacteriostatic
activity of tetracycline. The two widespread mechanisms of bacterial resistance do not destroy tetracycline: one is mediated
by efflux pumps, the other involves an EF-G-like protein that confers ribosome protection. Oxidative destruction of tetracycline
has been found in a few species. Several efflux transporters, including multidrug-resistance pumps and tetracycline-specific
exporters, confer bacterial resistance against tetracycline. Single amino acids of these carrier proteins important for tetracycline
transport and substrate specificity have been identified, allowing the mechanism of tetracycline transport to begin to emerge.
Received: 19 January 1996 / Accepted: 1 March 1996 相似文献
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Md Mahmudul Islam H.M. Adnan Hameed Julius Mugweru Chiranjibi Chhotaray Changwei Wang Yaoju Tan Jianxiong Liu Xinjie Li Shouyong Tan Iwao Ojima Wing Wai Yew Eric Nuermberger Gyanu Lamichhane Tianyu Zhang 《遗传学报》2017,44(1):21-37
Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant challenge to the successful treatment and control of TB worldwide. Resistance to anti-TB drugs has existed since the beginning of the chemotherapy era. New insights into the resistant mechanisms of anti-TB drugs have been provided. Better understanding of drug resistance mechanisms helps in the development of new tools for the rapid diagnosis of drug-resistant TB. There is also a pressing need in the development of new drugs with novel targets to improve the current treatment of TB and to prevent the emergence of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This review summarizes the anti-TB drug resistance mechanisms, furnishes some possible novel drug targets in the development of new agents for TB therapy and discusses the usefulness using known targets to develop new anti-TB drugs. Whole genome sequencing is currently an advanced technology to uncover drug resistance mechanisms in M. tuberculosis. However, further research is required to unravel the significance of some newly discovered gene mutations in their contribution to drug resistance. 相似文献
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The widespread use of antibiotics created selective pressure for the emergence of strains that would persist despite antibiotic toxicity. The bacterial resistance mechanisms are several, with efflux pumps being one of the main ones. These pumps are membrane proteins with the function of removing antibiotics from the cell cytoplasm. Due to this importance, the aim of this work was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of tannic acid against efflux pumps expressed by the Staphylococcus aureus RN4220 and IS-58 strains. The efflux pump inhibition was assayed using a sub-inhibitory concentration of efflux pump standard inhibitors and tannic acid (MIC/8), observing their capacity to decrease the MIC of Ethidium bromide (EtBr) and antibiotics due the possible inhibitory effect of these substances. The MICs of EtBr and antibiotics were significantly different in the presence of tannic acid, indicating the inhibitory effect of this product against efflux pumps of both strains. These results indicate the possible usage of tannic acid as an inhibitor and an adjuvant in the antibiotic therapy against multidrug resistant bacteria (MDR). 相似文献