致手足口病肠道病毒的病原学研究进展

手足口病是一种多病原体引起的儿童常见传染病,少数患者会进展为重症甚至死亡,对公共卫生造成巨大影响.目前国内虽已研制出EV71灭活疫苗并上市使用,对其它病毒所致手足口病并无交叉保护作用,并不能从总体上降低手足口病的发病率,在应对多种病原体的疫苗问世前,对手足口病病原体的基因进化监测、流行特征和病原学研究仍然是防控手足口病的重要措施.本文就手足口病在病原学方面的研究进展进行综述,为该病的科学防控提供有价值的信息.     

小反刍兽疫研究概况

小反刍兽疫是严重危害山羊和绵羊等家畜的A类动物传染病,目前该病已经给我国养羊业造成了巨大的威胁。近年来,国内外学者对该病开展了许多研究工作,本文从病原学、流行病学、临床症状、发病机理、病理变化、诊断、防控措施等几个方面对该病研究概况进行了综述,为该病的有效防控提供有益的参考。     

小反刍兽疫研究概况

小反刍兽疫是严重危害山羊和绵羊等家畜的A类动物传染病,目前该病已经给我国养羊业造成了巨大的威胁。近年来,国内外学者对该病开展了许多研究工作,本文从病原学、流行病学、临床症状、发病机理、病理变化、诊断、防控措施等几个方面对该病研究概况进行了综述,为该病的有效防控提供有益的参考。     

猪塞尼卡谷病毒流行态势与诊断防控研究进展

塞尼卡谷病毒(Seneca valley virus,SVV)为小RNA病毒科塞尼卡病毒属的唯一成员,2002年首次发现于PER.C6细胞培养物中,被鉴定为细胞培养基中的污染物。最初SVV被用作溶瘤病毒进行肿瘤治疗研究。现已证实SVV感染猪能够引发原发性水泡病,引起猪的鼻吻、蹄部冠状带的水泡病变,同时伴有跛行、厌食、嗜睡和发烧等临床表现。与口蹄疫、猪水泡病和水泡性口炎引起的临床症状难以区分。2015-2017年期间,在美国、中国、泰国等多个国家暴发了SVV疫情,并且流行范围逐步扩大。针对该病的不断扩散,急需提出和制定有效的诊断与防控策略及措施。因此,一些新的诊断方法被不断开发出来,新的防控策略也在逐步建立。本文主要针对SVV最新的流行态势及特点、诊断与防控技术进行综述,旨在提供SVV最新研究进展,提高疾病防控及科研工作人员对该病的进一步认识和了解,为该病的防控提供理论依据和参考。     

非洲猪瘟病毒多样性

非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus,ASFV)引起猪的一种急性、高度致死性传染病.该病在全世界多个地方流行,导致该病流行的原因之一是缺乏有效的预防及治疗药物、疫苗等.尽管ASFV基因总的突变率相对其基因组来说较低,但是,与其它病毒相比,其基因突变总数则相当巨大.研究发现ASFV的多个基因具有高突变率的特性,表现为基因多样性,此外,由于该病毒为核质大DNA病毒,编码大量蛋白,其抗原也表现为多样性.本文总结了 ASFV基因多样性和抗原多样性,分析其发生原理并综述了最新研究成果,以期为研究ASFV病毒遗传演化、开发疫苗及指导疫情防控提供思路.     

大口黑鲈蛙虹彩病毒病研究进展

大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmoides）,俗称加州鲈,是我国最重要名优养殖鱼类之一,具有极高的产业开发价值。近年来,大口黑鲈的养殖产业获得了飞速发展,而病害问题成为制约大口黑鲈产业持续健康发展的主要因素,其中以蛙虹彩病毒感染引起的病毒性疾病影响最大。本文就大口黑鲈蛙虹彩病毒病的研究历史、临床症状和病理变化、流行病学、感染机制、疾病诊断及防控措施等方面的研究进展进行综述,以期为该病的基础研究和疫病防控提供参考。     

稻巨座壳小麦致病型检测防控研究进展

稻巨座壳小麦致病型是麦瘟病的致病菌,是一种新近出现并对全球小麦生产造成巨大威胁的危险性真菌.本文总结归纳了稻巨座壳小麦致病型分类学、地理分布和寄主范围等多方面信息,并探讨了该病菌检测和防控等方面的研究进展.迄今为止,该病害防控较为困难,化学杀菌剂并不能提供有效的防治效果,加强检疫并实施严格检疫措施是防控该病害发生扩散的...     

粤北地区仔猪腹泻大肠杆菌分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为了解粤北地区规模化猪场仔猪腹泻大肠杆菌耐药情况,为该病防控提供用药参考,对来自6个规模化猪场疑似仔猪大肠杆菌引起的腹泻粪便和肠道内容物进行了大肠杆菌分离鉴定,对分离鉴定的40株大肠杆菌进行了药敏试验。结果表明,分离菌株对22种受试药物均产生不同程度耐药性,强力霉素和四环素耐药菌株比例最高,达到97.5%,其次是复方新诺明、庆大霉素、氯霉素和红霉素耐药菌株达到80%以上。敏感性最高的药物为丁胺卡那霉素,其次是头孢西丁,敏感菌株比例分别为85%和84.5%。试验菌株均产生不同程度多重耐药性,最少为4重耐药性,10重及以上耐药性菌株比例达到80%以上。研究表明,粤北地区仔猪腹泻大肠杆菌耐药性严重,要重视药敏监测,以指导合理选用药物防控该病。     

口蹄疫疫苗研究新进展

口蹄疫是世界性重大动物疫病之一.接种疫苗是预防该病的重要手段之一,而研制高质量、安全有效的疫苗.不但是决定疫苗免疫效果的关键,也是成功预防、控制直至最终消灭口蹄疫的先决条件.目前,除传统疫苗仍然在口蹄疫防控中扮演重要角色以外,国内外诸如亚单位疫苗、载体疫苗、核酸疫苗、基因缺失疫苗、合成肽疫苗、可饲疫苗和多表位疫苗等的研究和探索已全面展开,有望为口蹄疫的有效防控提供新的途径.     

施马伦贝格病在德国的流行现状及总结

施马伦贝格病是由施马伦贝格病毒(Schmallenberg virus,SBV)引起的,感染牛、羊等反刍动物的一种新发的虫媒病毒性传染病。该病毒感染成年动物后症状轻微,如产奶减少、发热、腹泻等;但在怀孕的特定时期感染则可能导致较严重的后果,如胎畜畸形或死胎等。该病于2011年底在德国首发,随后迅速传遍欧洲。德国作为该病的首发国家,对于该病进行了详细的研究,其国内的流行趋势也最能代表欧洲的流行情况及研究进展。为此,作者就德国施马伦贝格病的流行现状进行介绍,以期为我国该病的防控提供参考。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.