Reproducible and Predictable Yearly Pattern in the Incidence of Uterine Cervical Cancer

A yearly pattern in the occurrence of uterine cervical cancer (UCC), obtained from cytological examinations reported as type V (cases concluding a malignant alteration), has been previously shown for data obtained in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area (state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico) for a span of 10 years (1978-1987), with a peak of relative incidence in the month of February being highly stable for consecutive years. With the aim of extending and validating those results, we analyzed the monthly totals of positive detected cases of UCC in the states of Nuevo Leon, Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Tamaulipas (covering most of Northern Mexico) during the same period. To eliminate bias due to the seasonal variation in the number of screening smears, data were first expressed in relation to the number of cytological examinations done the same month. The least-squares fit of a 1 -year cosine curve to the data of relative incidence in the four states reveals a statistically significant yearly pattern (p = .008), with a maximum of relative incidence in February almost double that during the rest of the year. Results indicate that the relative incidence of UCC is higher than the yearly average during the winter, with secondary peaks in May and October. In view of the nonsi-nusoidal waveform in the incidence of UCC, we undertook a multiple-component analysis, allowing several cosine functions to be simultaneously fitted to the data. Results indicate that the yearly pattern in the relative incidence of UCC can be represented by a model that includes two components with periods of 12 and 4 months (p = .004). The same model can be documented as statistically significant independently for each of the four states. These results, summarizing over 2200 positive cases of UCC detected in more than 1,100,000 screening smears, are in full agreement with those found previously for part of the state of Nuevo Leon and reveal a highly stable and predictable yearly pattern of variation in the relative incidence of UCC in Northern Mexico. (Chronobiology International, 13(4), 305-316, 1996)     

Circannual Incidence of Giardia Lamblia

A circannual rhythm of Giardia lamblia positive stools was found by examination of records from three clinical laboratories in central Arkansas for the period 1980-1986. Cosinor analysis of monthly Giardia incidence based on stool specimen records from approximately 12,000 patients over the 7-year period revealed a circannual rhythm (P< 0.001) on the basis of percent positive patients/month, with a computive acrophase occurring in late summer and minimum values in the winter. Patients involved in the study were primarily from the central Arkansas metropolitan areas, southern delta regions and northern mountainous regions of the state. Analysis of the data on the basis of total positive Giardia patients/month also revealed a circannual rhythm with the acrophase again occurring in late summer. The overall mean for percent positive stool specimens for the 7-year period was 5.3%, compared with the national average of 3.8% for G. lamblia positive stools. The data indicate that there may be a “Giardia season” in Arkansas since they could not be explained on the basis of day-care age distribution, or geographic origin. Awareness by epidemiologists, public health officials and other health care professionals of this circannual incidence of giardiasis is important for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this infectious disorder.     

Circannual Variations of the Bleeding Time in the Rat

This study was carried out to determine the annual fluctuations of the tail bleeding time in the rat. Bleeding time was determined by transection of the tail of pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. Over a 6-year period, monthly measurement of the tail bleeding time revealed highly reproducible circannual fluctuations. Bleeding times were shortened in the summer (414 ± 18 s in July), being almost half that observed during the winter span (886 ± 32 s in January). The difference between these two time points was highly significant (p > 0.001). This study reports for the first time circannual variations of the bleeding time in the rat.     

Circannual Growth Rhythm in a Brown Alga,Pterygophora californica

A circannual rhythm was found in the kelp Pterygophora californica which forms a new blade with a free running period of 7 ? 8 months under constant conditions. Individual plants exposed to cycles of daylength with T = 12, 6, or 3 months performed 1, 2, or 4 growth cycles, respectively, in one calendar year showing the entrainment of the endogenous circannual rhythm. The annual growth cycle also followed a phase shift of the annual cycle of daylength (T = 12 months) by 3 or 6 months.     

Malacoplakia of the Uterine Cervix and Endometrium

A rare case of malacoplakia involving the female genital tract is presented. The characteristic granular histiocytes with intracytoplasmic Michaelis-Gutmann bodies were identified in a cervical smear. The cytological preparation also showed prominent capillary vessels and differed from biopsy material in that cytoplasmic bacteria were easily identified.     

Circannual distribution of glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma diagnoses in men and women

Background: circannual variations of incidence may influence human tumors. For example, seasonal distribution of breast cancers suggests an influence of circannual hormonal rhythms. Periodicity of brain tumors has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the seasonal variation in glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas. Methods: a large dataset of high-grade gliomas (n = 697) was evaluated with the month of diagnosis as key criterion for time series and seasonal analysis. Circannual and ultra-annual cosinor models were calculated. Results: women suffering from glioblastoma show a peak incidence in fall. No suitable circannual or ultra-annual cosinor model months could be fitted to the data. In women with anaplastic astrocytoma, a peak incidence was detected in summer and fall with a nadir in spring. Here, a significant cosinor model with a period of 8.5 months could be calculated. Conclusion: our data strongly suggest seasonality of diagnosis of high-grade gliomas in women. As gliomas express hormonal receptors, an underlying endocrinal or cell proliferation rhythms may be a possible explanation.     

Pinealectomy and LL Abolished Circadian Perching Rhythms but Did Not Alter Circannual Reproductive or Fattening Rhythms in Finches

In the subtropical finch, spotted munia (Lonchura punctulata) circannual rhythms (of gonads, fattening, feeding) have been demonstrated in an information-free environment of continuous illumination (LL), rendering it an ideal model for research on the physiology of the circannual clock. In an attempt to understand the involvement, if any, of the circadian system in the genesis of circannual rhythms, we studied the effect of pinealectomy (LL 15 lux) and strong continuous illumination (LL 300 lux), both known to abolish circadian rhythms, on the circadian perch-hopping rhythm and on the circannual rhythm of reproduction and fattening in the same birds. While both pinealectomy and LL 300 lux treatments abolished the circadian rhythm of motor activity, they had no effect on the circannual rhythms of gonadal size and fattening. If the endogenous circadian rhythm in perch-hopping can be taken to reflect the circadian clock mechanism associated with gonadal functioning, present results suggest that circannual rhythm of reproduction in spotted munia is independent of circadian events.     

Pinealectomy and LL Abolished Circadian Perching Rhythms but Did Not Alter Circannual Reproductive or Fattening Rhythms in Finches

In the subtropical finch, spotted munia (Lonchura punctulata) circannual rhythms (of gonads, fattening, feeding) have been demonstrated in an information-free environment of continuous illumination (LL), rendering it an ideal model for research on the physiology of the circannual clock. In an attempt to understand the involvement, if any, of the circadian system in the genesis of circannual rhythms, we studied the effect of pinealectomy (LL 15 lux) and strong continuous illumination (LL 300 lux), both known to abolish circadian rhythms, on the circadian perch-hopping rhythm and on the circannual rhythm of reproduction and fattening in the same birds. While both pinealectomy and LL 300 lux treatments abolished the circadian rhythm of motor activity, they had no effect on the circannual rhythms of gonadal size and fattening. If the endogenous circadian rhythm in perch-hopping can be taken to reflect the circadian clock mechanism associated with gonadal functioning, present results suggest that circannual rhythm of reproduction in spotted munia is independent of circadian events.     

piwi基因在宫颈癌组织中的表达

目的本研究旨在探讨piwill、piwil3和piwil4在宫颈癌组织与宫颈正常组织中的差异性表达,为进一步确定其在肿瘤发生发展中的作用奠定基础。方法根据已知的3条基因序列设计合成3对特异性引物,利用RTPCR检测9对宫颈癌组织及癌旁正常组织的piwill、piwil3和piwil4 mRNA水平,并以β-actin基因为标准进行对比。结果宫颈癌组织piwill、piwil3和piwil4的表达水平明显高于正常组织。结论piwill、piwil3和piwil4在宫颈癌中的表达提示其可能参与了宫颈癌的发生发展过程。     

人乳头瘤病毒与宫颈癌前病变的相关性研究

目的：探讨人乳头瘤病毒感染与宫颈癌前病变两者之间的相关性。方法：选择2009年11月～2011年12月来我院就诊的220例宫颈病变患者为研究对象,将患者分成4组,即炎症组、CINl组、CIN2组和CIN3组,各组进行人乳头瘤病毒检出率及病毒载量的比较。结果：炎症组、CINl、CIN2和CIN34组人乳头瘤病毒的检出率分别为67．2％、80％、87．3％和91．4％且4组之间比较差异有显著统计学意义（P〈O．001）。炎症组HPV感染的阳性率与CIN组比较显著降低（P〈0．005）,宫颈癌前病变各组HPV感染呈阳性的病毒载量差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：宫颈癌前病变的严重程度和感染高危型HPV病毒载量呈正相关,随着感染高危型HPV病毒载量越高,宫颈癌前病变的程度越严重。     

评估宫颈微浸润腺癌不同外科治疗的结果

目的:通过大样本的病例回顾,明确宫颈微浸润腺癌需要彻底外科治疗的病变范围。方法:46例因患宫颈微浸润腺癌(浸润深度小于或等于5mm)行外科手术治疗的病人,来自中国人民解放军总医院妇产科,同一位病理专家确定组织学类型、肿瘤分级、浸润深度、肿瘤宽度、有无淋巴管间的浸润、肿瘤边缘状况、宫旁状况以及是否有结节状的转移。病变分级参照FIGO(2009)的标准。结果:46例患者按照现行的FIGO分期标准,34例ⅠA1期,12例ⅠA2期。治疗方式主要有宫颈锥切、单纯全子宫切除、全子宫切除加淋巴结清扫、广泛子宫切除加淋巴结清扫。31例广泛全子宫切除的患者没有发现宫旁浸润。34例行淋巴结清扫的病人没有发现淋巴结转移。平均随访80个月未见复发。结论:关于微浸润腺癌的处理仍旧有争议,相对于微浸润宫颈鳞状细胞癌而言,传统的治疗宫颈微浸润腺癌彻底外科治疗更多一些。通过本次研究,我们认为宫颈为浸润癌基质浸润深度小于3mm或者FIGOIA1期的患者,简单的全子宫切除足够,不需要淋巴结清扫、广泛的子宫切除和卵巢切除。     

Circannual Rhythm of Insulin Release and Hypoglycemic Effect of Tolbutamide Stimulus in Healthy Man

Four healthy non obese young volunteers were observed for a 24-hr period, every other month, over the course of one year. Tolbutamide was injected i.v. each day of the experiment every four hours. Tolbutamide-induced insulin secretion (T.I.I.S.) was evaluated by planimetrically measuring insulin areas above basal levels. Tolbutamide-induced hypoglycemic effect was evaluated by measuring the blood glucose difference between the Sth and 25th minute after the drug injection (δG 5′-25′). The macroscopic evaluation of T.I.I.S. and δG 5′-2S′(mean chronograms) permitted the detection of the existence of a circannual variation of both variables. In particular the maximum level of the blood glucose drop (δG 5-25) was registered in February.

Subsequently the quantification of the rhythm of T.I.I.S. was obtained by fitting a sine curve, according to the Cosinor method. The highest insulin release was confirmed in winter.

As previously documented, the existence of a statistically significant circadian rhythm of T.I.I.S. was confirmed in the morning, i.e. the same period of the day in which insulin-induced hypoglycemia occurs.     

Spore classification in the genera Bangia and Porphyra

Prior to the presentation by Drew (1956) of a system of classification for spores involved in the life histories of members of the Bangiophyceae, there was no uniform scheme. With the increased attention given to field and culture studies, particularly within the Bangiaceae, it is essential that a more comprehensive terminology be developed that considers experimental data on spore production. Drew's definition of Type II spores is re-examined and a system of classification based on cell fate and cell function as defined by studies on the photobiology of the Bangiaceae is proposed.     

Circannual Variations in Baseline Blood Values of Dogs

Forty-two hematological and biochemical variables routinely measured in dogs as part of a preoperative protocol have been analyzed for circannual changes by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and single cosinor procedures. Data were available from up to 489 adult mongrel dogs of both sexes studied on weekdays over a 5-year span (January 5, 1987 to December 18, 1991). Dogs were housed in individual cages at 24 ± 1 °C with dog chow and tap water available ad libitum and lights on between 06:00 and 18:00 h. A single blood sample/dog was collected by jugular venipuncture between 08:00 and 09:00 h and sent to a commercial laboratory for hematological and biochemical determinations. Data were assigned to date and time of sampling and analyzed for the effect of time of year by ANOVA (across 12 months and 4 seasons), and by the least-squares fit of a precise 1-year cosine. ANOVA and single cosinor described a significant circannual time effect and rhythm for the following: total leukocytes, lymphocytes, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), MCH concentration, red cell distribution width, mean platelet volume, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), BUN/crea-tinine ratio, amylase, glucose, chloride, uric acid, direct bilirubin, total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phos-phatase, γ-glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/ALT ratio. A significant effect of season by ANOVA only was found for: Ca, Na, phosphorus, total bilirubin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, and neutrophils. No significant time effect could be found at p n%ge 0.05 by either statistical method for: K, Mg, Fe, cholesterol, triglycerides, ASP, red blood cells, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, or platelets. Acrophases occurred for the most part in either the winter or summer.     

Circannual Variations in Baseline Blood Values of Dogs

Forty-two hematological and biochemical variables routinely measured in dogs as part of a preoperative protocol have been analyzed for circannual changes by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and single cosinor procedures. Data were available from up to 489 adult mongrel dogs of both sexes studied on weekdays over a 5-year span (January 5, 1987 to December 18, 1991). Dogs were housed in individual cages at 24 ± 1 °C with dog chow and tap water available ad libitum and lights on between 06:00 and 18:00 h. A single blood sample/dog was collected by jugular venipuncture between 08:00 and 09:00 h and sent to a commercial laboratory for hematological and biochemical determinations. Data were assigned to date and time of sampling and analyzed for the effect of time of year by ANOVA (across 12 months and 4 seasons), and by the least-squares fit of a precise 1-year cosine. ANOVA and single cosinor described a significant circannual time effect and rhythm for the following: total leukocytes, lymphocytes, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), MCH concentration, red cell distribution width, mean platelet volume, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), BUN/crea-tinine ratio, amylase, glucose, chloride, uric acid, direct bilirubin, total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phos-phatase, γ-glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/ALT ratio. A significant effect of season by ANOVA only was found for: Ca, Na, phosphorus, total bilirubin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, and neutrophils. No significant time effect could be found at p n%ge 0.05 by either statistical method for: K, Mg, Fe, cholesterol, triglycerides, ASP, red blood cells, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, or platelets. Acrophases occurred for the most part in either the winter or summer.     

影响经动脉子宫颈癌热灌注化疗临床疗效的多因素分析

目的:探讨宫颈癌热灌注化疗栓塞的治疗作用及对临床疗效的影响因素分析。方法:对34例宫颈癌病人进行子宫动脉热灌注化疗及栓塞术,分析肿瘤病理类型,肿块大小,周围浸润及淋巴结转移情况等因素对介入治疗的影响。结果:经过对临床疗效的多因素分析肿块大小对治疗效果影响最大,其次为病理类型。其余影响较小。结论:宫颈癌热灌注化疗栓塞术是治疗宫颈癌的一种适合疗法,尤其适用于肿块较小的病人。可以使疾病得到有效控制,增加手术机会。