Book Reviews

Biological Effects of Magnetic and Electromagnetic Fields Shoogo Ueno, ed. Plenum Press, New York, 1996, ISBN: 0-306-45292, x + 243 pp., $79.50.

The Melatonin Hypothesis, Breast Cancer and Use of Electric Power R. Stevens, B. Wilson, and L. Anderson, eds. Battelle Press, Columbus, OH, 1997, ISBN: 1-57477-020-9, xiv + 760 pp., $87.50.

Systemic Cancer-Multistep-Therapy(in German), by Manfred von Ardenne P. G. Reitnauer, ed., Hippokrates V., Stuttgart, 1997, ISBN: 3 7773 1297-5, 304 pp., DM98.

Charge Transfer Complexes in Biological Systems F. Gutman, C. Johnson, H. Keyzer, and J. Molnar, eds. Marcel Dekker, New York, 1997, ISBN: 0-8247-9986-0, xviii + 543 pp., $195.

Chemistry and Chemical Technique-Special Dictionary: English-German Technical University Dresden, ed. Langenscheidt, Berlin, 1997, ISBN: 3-86117-079-5, 807 pp., DM 198.     

SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Individuals With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Compared With Controls

ObjectiveData for the association between diabetes and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) susceptibility are conflicting. We aimed to evaluate this association using an analytical cross-sectional study design.MethodsStudy participants were recruited from endocrine clinics of our hospital and belonged to 3 groups: group 1 (type 1 diabetes mellitus [T1DM]), group 2 (type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM]), and group 3 (controls). All participants submitted blood samples for SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 immunoglobulin G antibody test (LIAISON; DiaSorin) and were interviewed for a history of documented infection.ResultsWe evaluated a total of 643 participants (T1DM, 149; T2DM, 160; control, 334; mean age, 37.9 ± 11.5 years). A total of 324 (50.4%) participants were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2. The seropositivity rate was significantly higher in the T1DM (55.7% vs 44.9%, P = .028) and T2DM (56.9% vs 44.9%, P = .013) groups than in the control group. The antibody levels in seropositive participants with T1DM and T2DM were not significantly different from those in seropositive controls. On multivariable analysis, low education status (odds ratio [OR], 1.41 [95% CI, 1.03-1.94]; P = .035), diabetes (OR, 1.68 [95% CI, 1.20-2.34]; P = .002), and overweight/obesity (OR, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.10-2.10]; P = .012) showed a significant association with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. The association between diabetes and SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was found to further increase in participants with coexisting overweight/obesity (adjusted OR, 2.63 [95% CI, 1.54-4.47]; P < .001).ConclusionSARS-CoV-2 seropositivity, assessed before the onset of the national vaccination program, was significantly higher in participants with T1DM and T2DM than in controls. The antibody response did not differ between seropositive participants with and without diabetes. These findings point toward an increased SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility for patients with diabetes, in general, without any differential effect of the diabetes type.     

Book Reviews

Unearthing Garden Mysteries: Experiments For Kids. Ellen Talmage. Golden, Colo.: Fulcrum Publishing. 2000. 90 pp. $17.95 (paperback). ISBN: 1-55591-993-6.

Greening School Grounds: Creating Habitats For Learning. Tim Grant and Gail Littlejohn (eds.). Gabriola Island, BC, Canada: New Society Publishers. 2001. 136 pp. $16.95 (paperback). ISBN: 0-86571-436-3.

Science Projects About Sound. Robert Gardner. Berkeley Heights, N.J.: Enslow. 2000. 112 pp. $19.95 (hardcover). ISBN: 0-7660-1166-6.

The Science of Sound and Music. Shar Levine and Leslie Johnstone. New York: Sterling Publishing. 2000. 80 pp. $19.95 (hardcover). ISBN: 0-8069-7183-5.

Elephants and Their Young. Great Explorations in Mathematics and Science (GEMS). Berkeley, Calif.: University of California, Lawrence Hall of Science. 2001. 100 pp. $18 (paperback). ISBN: 0-924886-55-2.

Mia2: Romaine's New Hat. Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Kotoka Kids Interactive. ($19.99 from Amazon.com).

System Requirements: PC. O/S: Windows 95 or better, CPU: Pentium 166MMX, RAM: 32 MB (64MB recommended), Video: 640 × 480 (256 colors), Sound: 16-bit Sound Blaster or 100% compatible, CD-ROM: 6X, 40 MB of hard drive disk space.

Macintosh: O/S: Systems 8.1 or better (System 9 requires 64 MB of Ram), CPU: PowerPC 275mhz, G3 233mhz, iMac, RAM: 32 MB (64 MB recommended), Video: 640 × 480 (256 colors), Sound: Standard Macintosh, CD-ROM: 6X, 40 MB of hard drive disk space.     

Der Einfluß einer Zusatzberegnung und differenzierten Wasserversorgung auf die Populationsdynamik des Kartoffelzystenälchens (Heterodera rostochiensis Wollenweber)

Abstract

Burnett, P. A.; Cuellar, E. (Edt.): Barley yellow dwarf, a proceedings of the workshop Dec. 6—S, 1983 CIMMYT Mexico. 209 S., mehrere Abb. Mexico, CIMMYT 1984. Reviewed by G. Proeseler, Aschersleben

Renner, E.: Statistikprogramme in Basic. Pareys Studientexte 56. 185 S. Berlin (West), Hamburg, Verlag Paul Parey 1986. 29,- DM (mit Diskette 49,- DM). Reviewed by U. Meyer, Aschersleben

Bergmann, W.: Farbatlas - Ernährungsstörungen bei Kulturpflanzen. Visuelle und analytische Diagnose. 2. erw. Aufl., 306 S., 945 Farbbilder. Jena, VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag 1986. DDR 58,- M; Ausland 72,- DM. Reviewed by H. Kegler, Aschersleben     

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Lipohypertrophy - Impact of the Intervention on Glycemic Control via Patient’s Examination and Retraining on Change of Infusion Set

ObjectiveLipohypertrophy (LH) is a common complication of insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We examined whether an intervention consisting of LH assessment and retraining on insulin infusion set use improves glycemic control on subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in patients with T1DM.MethodsThe intervention was conducted in 79 consecutive patients with T1DM. Data on glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and insulin doses were collected at baseline and after a median of 22 weeks (20-31.75 weeks).ResultsA total of 46 patients with T1DM (23 [50%] women) participating in the follow-up were characterized by a median age of 29 years (25-33.8 years), body mass index of 24.6 ± 3.3 kg/m², T1DM duration of 16.5 years (8.3-20 years), and subcutaneous insulin infusion duration of 7 years (4-10.8 years). Patients’ median HbA1c fell from 7.4% (6.7%-8.2%) to 7.05% (6.4%-7.6%) (P < .001), daily insulin dose/kg decreased (0.7 ± 0.20 vs 0.68 ± 0.15 IU/kg; P = .017) together with the total daily insulin dose (50.3 [40.5-62.7] vs 47.6 [39.8-62.1] IU; P = .019]. Furthermore, the percentage of basal insulin dose increased (43.0% [36-50] vs 44.0% [39.0-50.0]; P = .010], whereas the percentage of bolus dose decreased (57% [50-64] vs 56% [50-61], P = .010).ConclusionsThe structured LH-related intervention in patients with T1DM on insulin pumps resulted in better glycemic control and a decrease in total daily insulin dose.     

老年2型糖尿病患者血清促甲状腺激素水平及其与冠脉病变程度的相关性分析

目的:探讨老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平及其与患者冠脉病变程度的相关性。方法:回顾性分析2015年6月～2017年6月我院收治的88例老年T2DM患者(T2DM组)、50例健康体检者(对照组)的临床资料,根据血清TSH水平将T2DM组分为四个亚组,A组(0.45～1.49 m IU/L,n=18)、B组(1.50～2.49 m IU/L,n=23)、C组(2.50～3.49 m IU/L,n=22)、D组(≥4.5 m IU/L,n=25)。比较T2DM组与对照组TSH水平的差异,并根据计算机断层血管造影(CTA)结果计算Gensini评分,分析Gensini评分与血清TSH水平的相关性。结果:T2DM组血清TSH水平显著高于对照组,且随着血清TSH水平的升高,T2DM患者的年龄、TC、TG、LDL-C明显增加,而HDL-C、T3明显降低(P0.05)。C组病变支数显著多于A组,重度病变的比例明显升高,而D组病变支数、病变程度与A组、B组、C组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。血清TSH水平与Gensini评分呈显著正相关(r=0.577,P0.05)。结论:老年T2DM患者血清TSH水平显著升高,且与患者冠脉病变严重程度呈显著正相关,血清TSH水平有助于评估老年T2DM患者冠脉病变的严重程度。     

糖尿病前期和新诊断2型糖尿病患者血清血管内皮生长因子B水平与胰岛素抵抗的相关性

目的:探讨在糖尿病前期和新诊断2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清血管内皮生长因子B(VEGF-B)与胰岛素抵抗(IR)的关系。方法:选取2011年7月至2013年12月在我院内分泌科门诊就诊的患者419例,其中160例糖耐量正常(NGT)、142例糖尿病前期、117例新诊断T2DM患者,采用ELISA法测定血清VEGF-B水平,进一步分析血清VEGF-B水平与胰岛功能、胰岛素敏感性、肥胖及糖脂代谢相关代谢指标间的相关性。结果:血清VEGF-B水平在NGT (130.8 pg/mL [IQR 61.3-227.5])、糖尿病前期(146.7pg/mL [84.1-214.9])和T2DM(135.3 pg/mL [58.3-214.8])三组间无显著差异(P0.05)。相关分析显示血清VEGF-B水平与体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、血脂谱、胰岛功能及胰岛素敏感性均无相关性(P0.05)。结论:在糖尿病前期和新诊断T2DM患者,血清VEGF-B水平与肥胖、血脂谱、胰岛功能和胰岛素敏感性均无显著相关性,VEGF-B在人胰岛素抵抗及T2DM的发生中可能作用有限,仍需进一步研究明确其在代谢中的作用。     

Comparison of Profile of Primary Hyperparathyroidism With and Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Retrospective Analysis From the Indian Primary Hyperparathyroidism Registry

ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence and compare the clinicobiochemical profile of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study wherein the details of patients with PHPT with T2DM (PHPT-T2DM) and without T2DM were retrieved from the Indian PHPT Registry (www.indianphptregistry.com) between 2005 and 2019. We compared the clinical, biochemical, and postoperative findings of patients with PHPT-T2DM with age-, sex-, and body mass index–matched patients with PHPT without T2DM (in 1:2 ratio).ResultsOf the 464 patients with PHPT, 54 (11.6%) had T2DM. We observed an increase in the prevalence of PHPT-T2DM cases over time; only 7 (7.1%) of the total patients with PHPT had T2DM between 2005 and 2009 that increased to 31 (12.8%) in the last half decade (2015-2019). Patients with PHPT-T2DM had a significantly lower prevalence of nephrolithiasis (18.5% vs 36.1%, respectively; P = .03) and a higher prevalence of pancreatitis (22.2% vs 5.6%, respectively; P = .007) than those without T2DM. Furthermore, intact parathyroid hormone (203 pg/mL [139.8-437.3 pg/mL] vs 285 pg/mL [166-692 pg/mL], respectively; P = .04) and serum creatinine (0.90 mg/dL [0.67-1.25 mg/dL] vs 1.10 mg/dL [0.73-1.68 mg/dL], respectively; P = .03) levels were significantly lower in patients with PHPT-T2DM than those without T2DM. Also, tumor weight tended to be lower in patients with PHPT-T2DM than in the non-T2DM counterparts (1.05 g [0.5-2.93 g] vs 2.16 g [0.81-7.0 g], respectively; P = .06).ConclusionThe prevalence of T2DM in Asian Indians with PHPT is 11.6%. Patients with PHPT-T2DM are characterized by a higher prevalence of pancreatitis, a lower prevalence of nephrolithiasis, and lower levels of intact parathyroid hormone/creatinine. Part of the clinical picture can possibly be explained by early detection of PHPT in patients with T2DM consequent to more frequent screening.     

Book reviews

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOZOIC PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY IN HONOR OF ROUSSEAU H. FLOWER. Memoir 44. New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources, xiv + 415 pp.

THE DINOSAUR HERESIES: A REVOLUTIONARY VIEW OF DINOSAURS By R.T. Bakker Published by Longman Scientific and Technical, 1987.482 pages. ISBN 0–582–00420–9

DINOSAURS PAST AND PRESENT. Edited by S.J. Czerkas and E.C. Olson. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County in association with University of Washington Press, Seattle and London, 1987. Vol. 1, 163 pp., ISBN 0–938644–24–6 (softcover) or 0–295–96541‐X (hardcover); vol. 2, 150 pp., ISBN 0–938644–23–8 (softcover) or 0–295–96570–3 (hardcover).

MESSEL — EIN SCHAUFENSTER IN DIE GESCHICHTE DER ERDE UND DES LEBENS, edited by Stephan Schaal and Willi Ziegler. Verlag Waldemar Kramer, Frankfurt am Main, 1988 (Senckenberg‐Buch, 64), 315 pp. ISBN 3–7829–1111–3. 68.‐DM.

EXTINCTION AND SURVIVAL IN THE FOSSIL RECORD, edited by G.P. Larwood. The Systematics Association, Special Volume No. 34. Clarendon Press (Oxford University Press), Oxford, 1988, 365pp. 45.     

Book Reviews

The Monthly Sky Guide, Fifth Edition. Ian Ridpath and Wil Tirion. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1999. 64 pp. $16.95 (paperback). ISBN: 0-521-66771-2.

The Kingfisher Young People's Book of Planet Earth. Martin Redfern. New York: Kingfisher Publications. 1999. 96 pp. $19.95 (hardcover). ISBN: 0-7534-5180-8.

The Talking Tree. Rita McKenzie. Champaign, Ill.: International Society of Arborculture. 28 pp. ISBN: 1-88195-622-9.

The Inventive Mind in Science: Creative Thinking Activities. Christine Ebert and Edward S. Ebert II. Engle-wood, Colo.: Teacher Ideas Press. 1998. 241 pp. (paperback). ISBN: 1-56308-387-6.

Roots, Shoots, Buckets and Boots. Sharon Lovejoy. New York: Workman Publishing. 1999. 159 pp. $13.95 (paperback). ISBN: 0-7611-1056-9.     

Outcomes Associated with Nonconcordance to National Kidney Foundation Guideline Recommendations for Oral Antidiabetic Drug Treatments in Patients with Concomitant Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease

ObjectiveTo assess the association between oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) treatment concordance with National Kidney Foundation (NKF) guidelines and related economic and clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and stage 3 to 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsAnalysis of nationwide health administrative claims and laboratory findings for the years 2005 to 2010 for a commercially insured U.S. population. T2DM patients age 18 to 64 years were selected if they had stage 3 to 5 CKD as identified using medical claims (International Classification of Diseases-9-CM codes 585.3-585.6), evidence of dialysis procedures, or laboratory findings showing an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/ min/1.73 m² (date of first CKD as the index date). OADs prescribed during the 6 months following the index date were evaluated to determine guideline concordance. Outcomes examined included glycemic control, healthcare costs and resource utilization, and severe hypoglycemic events. Regression models were used to assess the association between guideline nonconcordance and outcomes.ResultsOf the final study sample (N = 3,300), 58.3% were nonconcordant with guidelines. After adjusting for patient characteristics, the nonconcordant patients were more likely to have severe hypoglycemic events (hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.49) and less likely to have glycemic control (odds ratio [OR], 0.70; 95% CI, 0.57-0.85) than guideline-concordant patients. Likelihood of hospital admission (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.79-1.15) and annual total healthcare costs (adjusted difference, −$2,227; P = .051) were similar between cohorts.ConclusionIn T2DM patients with moderate to severe CKD, OAD treatment not concordant with guidelines is associated with a higher risk of severe hypoglycemic events and uncontrolled glycemic levels. (Endocr Pract. 2014;20:221-231)     

Untersuchungen zum Einsatz von teilhydrolysiertem Strohmehl in der Fütterung von Absetzferkeln

Abstract

Livestock Feed Resources and Feed Evalution in Europe, Present Situation and Future Prospects. Verfasser: F. DE BOER und H. BICKEL. Erschienen im Verlag Elsevier Amsterdam - Oxford - New York, 1988, 424 Seiten mit zahlreichen Abb. und Tabellen, Kunststoffeinband, Format 26,5 × 19,5 cm, Preis 92,- US$, 175.- Dfl. ISBN 0.444.42996.4. Buchbestellung möglich bei: Elsevier Science Publishers P. O. Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam oder Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc. P. O. Box 882, Madison Square Station, New York, NY 10159, USA. Reviewed by H. Bergner

Beiträge zur Verdauungsphysiologie des Hundes. Herausgegeben von H. Meyer. Erschienen im Verlag Paul Paray, Hamburg und Berlin 1989, 137 Seiten mit 29 Abbildungen und 53 Tabellen, 25 × 17 cm, kartoniert, Preis: 64,- DM, für Bezieher der Zeitschrift ?Tierphysiologie, Tierernährung und Futtermittelkunde“ 57,60 DM, ISBN 3-490-41915-4. Reviewed by H. Bergner

Vitamins. Verfasser: W. FRIEDRICH, 1058 S., 228 Tab., 169 Abb. Format 17 × 24 Verl. W. de Gruyter Berlin (West), New York 1988. Reviewed by A. Hennig

Comprehensive B₁₂ - Chemistry · Biochemistry · Nutrition' · Ecology' · Medicine. Verfasser: SCHNEIDER/STRONISKI 409 S., 86 Tab., 107 Abb. Format 18 × 26 cm, 2436 Lit. Verl. Walter de Gruyter Berlin, New York 1987. Reviewed by A. Hennig

Biotechnology in the Feed Industry: Proceedings of Alltech's Fourth Annual Symposium. T. P. Lyons (Herausgeber) 363 S., 171 Tab., 54 Abb., Format 15 × 23 cm. Alltech Technical Publ. Nicholasville, Kentucky, USA (1988). Reviewed by A. Hennig     

Downregulation of mapk/mak/mrk overlapping kinase 1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

BackgroundType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common endocrine diseases in children. T-cell autoreactivity toward b-cells is controlled by significant changes in metabolism of T cells. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an important intracellular regulator of metabolism and cell growth. MAPK/MAK/MRK overlapping kinase 1 (MOK1) is one of the less known regulators of mTOR. We sought to investigate if MOK1 and mTOR mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of T1DM pediatric patients are different compared to healthy subjects.MethodsThis study included 172 adolescents with T1DM and 36 healthy adolescent volunteers designated for control group (CG). MOK1 and mTOR mRNA levels were determined in PBMCs by qPCR.ResultsT1DM patients have significant downregulation of MOK1 mRNA levels in PBMCs compared CG (P=0.018), while there was no significant difference in mTOR mRNA levels (P=0.891). Furthermore, in T1DM patients, MOK1 significantly correlated with age, triglycerides and mTOR, while mTOR correlated significantly with BMI and systolic blood pressure. Overweight T1DM subjects had significantly lower MOK1 (P=0.034) and mTOR (P=0.017) mRNA levels, together with significantly higher levels of systolic blood pressure (P<0.001), total cholesterol (P=0.001), LDL-cholesterol (P=0.001) and CRP (P<0.001). Multi - variate analysis showed that MOK1 was independently negatively associated with T1DM when adjusted for sex, age, HDL-C and CRP (OR=0.417 (95%CI: 0.175-0.997), p=0.049).ConclusionsOur study demonstrated for the first time that T1DM is associated with MOK1 downregulation. In addition, downregulation of both mTOR and MOK1 gene expressions was associated with cardiovascular risk factors in overweight T1DM patients.     

A Rapid Method For Concentrating Small Organisms For Sectioning

Lipp, Walther. Histochemische Methoden. About 24 pages per issue; 3 issues (No. 9, 10 and 11) during 1956. 16 £ 23 cm. R. Oldenbourg, München 1, Germany. DM 30.—for 6 issues; DM 6.—per single copy. (In German)

Molenaar, I. Ontkalking van harde weefsals. Een histochemische studie. Thesis, Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht, 1957. pp. 124.     

Periodontal Disease in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Influence of Pubertal Stage and Glycemic Control

ObjectiveThough gingivitis is common in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), the overall periodontal health in T1DM during the pubertal stage is less well-characterized. The study was undertaken to explore the possible influence of puberty and metabolic derangement on periodontal health in T1DM.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 110 subjects between 10-18 years with T1DM and 52 healthy siblings of similar age were evaluated for pubertal stage, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and periodontal health. Simplified oral hygiene index (OHIS), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing depth (PPD) were evaluated at 4 sites per tooth as per 6 Ramfjord index teeth used to assess periodontal disease (PD).ResultsPD not merely gingivitis was significantly higher in T1DM (84/110, 76.36%) than the control group (28/52, 53.8%) (P = .004). Irrespective of pubertal status, children with T1DM had worse GI, PI, BOP, and PPD than nondiabetic subjects, although OHIS was better in diabetes. In both T1DM and nondiabetic subjects, pubertal subjects showed significantly worse OHIS, PPD, BOP, and GI than prepubertal subjects. PD was correlated with pubertal stage, age, and HbA1c, although less strongly with the duration of diabetes. In logistic regression, pubertal stage was a stronger predictor of PD (OR = 14.26) than age (OR = 2.22), and HbA1c (OR = 1.5) rather than the presence of diabetes and its duration.ConclusionsThough pubertal status, age, and poor glycemic control rather than the presence of diabetes and its duration are associated with gingivitis and other forms of PD, puberty had a more profound effect in the pathogenesis of PD in T1DM.     

Colesevelam Hydrochloride Added to Background Metformin Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pooled Analysis from 3 Clinical Studies

ObjectiveTo evaluate the glucose- and lipid-altering efficacy of colesevelam hydrochloride (HCl) when added to background metformin therapy in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsThis post hoc analysis included patients with T2DM from 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled pivotal studies who received metformin as part of their background antidiabetes therapy. In the pivotal studies, patients with T2DM were randomly assigned to receive colesevelam HCl (3.75 g/d) or placebo added to existing metformin (26 weeks), sulfonylurea (26 weeks), or insulin (16 weeks) monotherapy or combination therapy, wherein the combination therapies may have included metformin.ResultsIn this pooled analysis of 696 patients with T2DM who were receiving metformin monotherapy or metformin combined with other antidiabetes therapies, 355 were randomly assigned to receive colesevelam HCl and 341 to receive placebo. In comparison with placebo, colesevelam HCl significantly reduced hemoglobin A_1c (A1C) and fasting plasma glucose (mean treatment difference: -0.50% and -15.7 mg/dL, respectively; P < .001 for both), as well as significantly reduced levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; mean treatment difference: -16.5%), total cholesterol (TC; -5.8%), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C; -8.2%), and apolipoprotein (apo) B (-7.6%) (P < .0001 for all). Median triglyceride levels were increased with colesevelam HCl (median treatment difference: + 12.8%; P < .0001). In comparison with placebo, colesevelam HCl significantly increased apo A-I (mean treatment difference: + 3.3%; P < .0001), whereas the mean increase in HDL-C with colesevelam HCl was not significant. Colesevelam HCl therapy was generally well tolerated.ConclusionWhen added to metformin-including therapy, colesevelam HCl significantly reduced A1C and fasting glucose, as well as levels of LDL-C, TC, non- HDL-C, and apo B in patients with inadequately controlled T2DM. (Endocr Pract. 2011;17:933-938)     

Buchbesprechungen

Abstract

Prof. Dr. J. B. S. Braverman: Introduction to the Biochemistry of Foods (Einführung in die Biochemie der Nahrungsstoffe). — Erschienen bei Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam/London/New York, 1963, 336 Seiten mit 55 Abbildungen und 12 Tabellen, Ganzleinen, Preis: Dfl. 35,—, DM 39,—, sh. 70. Reviewed by H. Bergner.

F. F. Nord: Advances in Enzymology and related Subjects of Biochemistry (Fortschritte in der Enzymologie und den verwandten Gebieten der Biochemie), Band 26. — Erschienen bei Interscience Publishers, John Wiley & Sons, New York/London/Sydney, 1964, 453 Seiten, Preis: 94 s. Reviewed by H. Bergner.

Prof. Dr. W. Becker und Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. K. Nehring: Handbuch der Futtermittel (in drei Bänden), Band 2. — Erschienen beim Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg, 1965, XX und 475 Seiten mit 907 Tabellen, Ganzleinen, Subskriptionspreis: DM 144.—. Reviewed by H. Bergner.

Prof. Dr. W. Schuphan: Zur Qualität der Nahrungspflanzen. Erzeugerinteressen — Verbraucherwünsche. — Erschienen bei BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München/Bonn/Wien, 1961, 170 Seiten mit 59 Abbildungen und 25 Tabellen, Format 15,8 × 23,5 cm, Leinen, Preis: DM 19,80. Reviewed by A. Püschner.

Das Kalium und die Qualität landwirtschaftlicher Produkte (Grünfutter, Steinund Kernobst, Kartoffeln). — Bericht über das 2. Regional-Kolloquium des Internationalen Kali-Institutes, Murten (Schweiz), erschienen beim Verlag Internationales Kali-Institut, Bern 14 (Schweiz), 1964, 208 Seiten, Preis: Sfr. 10,—; US $ 2,40. Reviewed by A. Püschner.

Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Victor Goerttler: Vom literarischen Handwerk der Wissenschaft. Eine Plauderei mit Zitaten und Aphorismen. — Erschienen beim Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin und Hamburg, 1965, 284 Seiten, Ganzleinen, Preis: DM 26,—. Reviewed by H. Bergner.     

Basal and Bolus Insulin Requirements in Children,Adolescents, and Young Adults with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus on Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (csii): Effects of age and Puberty

ObjectiveGuidelines for insulin dosing, including the insulin to carbohydrate ratio (I/C), insulin sensitivity factor (ISF), and basal/bolus ratio guidelines, have been well established for adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, clinical experience suggests that these guidelines are not appropriate for children. The purpose of this study was to determine the continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) settings in children with T1DM at different ages and stages of puberty.MethodsA total of 154 patients data between the ages of 3 and 21 years with well-controlled T1DM according to American Diabetes Association guidelines were reviewed. Only patients on CSII who were not in the honeymoon period were included.ResultsPatients were divided into 8 groups according to age, gender, and/or pubertal stage. Insulin requirements increased with puberty in both sexes (0.69, 0.97, and 0.90 U/kg/day in children <7 years of age, midpubertal girls, and late-pubertal boys, respectively). Basal insulin requirement was lowest in the youngest group (34%; P<.01). The youngest group had the lowest I/C prediction factor (PF) (mean, 315.7 ± 79.4; P<.01 with all groups), and the ISF-PF was higher than that of the oldest group (mean, 2,588.3 ± 1,101.8; P<.01).ConclusionCSII dose calculations vary with age and pubertal status in children with T1DM. These differences must be considered when calculating CSII dosing, especially for younger children. (Endocr Pract. 2013; 19:805-811)     

Low glycemic load diets protect against metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes mellitus in the male Nile rat

BackgroundDietary modification helps prevent and manage Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in humans and Nile rats. Specifically fibrous legumes, like lentils, benefit humans, but whether this reflects a specific change in the Glycemic Load (GLoad) remains controversial. Accordingly, low-GLoad foods were tested in the glucose-sensitive Nile rat.Methods131 male Nile rats aged 3 weeks to 15 months were challenged during four experiments with 15 dietary exposures that varied Glycemic Index (GI, 36–88), GLoad (102–305/2000 kcal), and cumulative GLoad (Cum GLoad=days×GLoad, 181–537g total glucose).ResultsLentil diets with low GLoads (102, 202) prevented, delayed, reduced, even reversed the progress of MetS and T2DM as measured by blood glucose (fasting, random, and oral glucose tolerance test) and plasma lipid parameters (plasma cholesterol and triglycerides) plus necropsy findings (liver and kidney pathology plus adipose reserves). The benefit from lentils exceeded dietary factors such as macronutrient composition (%Energy from carbohydrate:fat:protein, between 70:10:20 to 40:40:20), total fiber (0–24%), or dietary caloric density (2.9–4.7 kcal/g). The benefit of a low GLoad applied equally to rats inherently susceptible or resistant to T2DM, based on random glucose above or below 75 mg/dl, respectively, during interventions of 7-17 weeks.ConclusionsMeasuring total food intake and the novel concept of Cum GLoad during growth generated strong correlations (up to r=0.93) between Cum GLoad and parameters of MetS and T2DM, especially during sexual maturation. The present experiments confirm the applicability of male Nile rats to diet-induced human T2DM, and suggest dietary compositions to deter MetS and T2DM in humans.     

A student of ethnic Canada: Leo Driedger

Leo Driedger (ed.), ETHNIC CANADA: IDENTITIES AND INEQUALITIES, Toronto: Copp Clark Pitman Ltd., 1987, 442 pp., npl.

Leo Driedger, THE ETHNIC FACTOR: IDENTITY IN DIVERSITY, Toronto, London, etc.: McGraw‐Hill Ryerson Ltd., 1989, 450 pp., npl.

Shiva S. Halli, Frank Trovato and Leo Driedger (eds), ETHNIC DEMOGRAPHY: CANADIAN IMMIGRANT, RACIAL AND CULTURAL VARIATIONS, Ottawa: Carleton University Press, 1990. 497 pp., npl.