用细菌素防治感染的前景

<正>当前,由于广泛使用抗菌素和磺胺类药物的结果,在医疗和卫生保健工作中经常会遇到一些困难,比如,这些药物可引起过敏反应;能够使微生物产生耐药性;还由于免疫抑制作用,使不能接受抗菌素和磺胺类药物的人数增强;因此在治疗工作中非常需要能够克服上述缺点的新药。 在这方面,细菌的代谢产物或者它的组     

《自然-纳米技术》:绿茶主要成分或可用作抗癌蛋白载体

<正>绿茶中的一种主要成分能够作为抗癌蛋白载体,用来合成一种稳定、有效的治疗用纳米复合物。在线发表于《自然-纳米技术》上的这项发现或有助于建立更好的药物投递系统。一些癌症治疗方法的效果依赖于药剂中的治疗成分和将药物投递至肿瘤位置的载体。设计药物载体时,有几个因素必须考虑:首先,其必须具有特定性,这样才能针对肿瘤而不伤及其他组织;其次,药物与载体的配比也很重要,因为如果身体无法代谢载体的话,载体剂量过高可能导致中毒;再者,如果身体对药物的排斥、消耗过快,会让药物失效。     

Kabi公司加强链激酶的生产

Kabi Vitrum公司已经从Smithkline和French实验室重新获得了血块溶解药剂即链激酶的生产权。由于Smithkline公司即将与销售其本身的溶血栓药剂eminase的英国Beecham Group Plc合并,因而Smithkline公司决定暂时退出溶血栓药剂市场是不令人惊奇的。Smithkline将继续研制thromboaxane受体拮抗药和血块抑制剂,作为辅助性的溶血栓药物。与此同时,Kabi公司最近在北卡罗来纳州克莱顿完成了在制造能力方面的扩展计划。此外,Kabi公司将在今年晚些时候把行政和业务发展机关从加利福尼亚阿拉梅达迁     

细菌药物抗性的遗传及其生化表型

在临床上应用磺胺及抗菌素的早期，人们就注意到了有些病原菌对药物呈现了抗性。后来发现除某些细菌对某些药物本来就不敏感外，就是原来对药物敏感的病原菌中也出现了愈来愈多的抗药性菌株，而且，有一些菌株在抗一种抗菌素的同时注往也对其它一些抗菌素呈现抗性。因此，药物抗性成了临床上一个迫切需要解决的问题。为什么原来对药物敏感的菌会出现抗药性？          为什么出现愈来愈多的抗性菌株和一些细菌抗愈来愈多的药物？这些问题涉及到药物抗性的机理。60年代中期开始对药物抗性突变株进行了系统的遗传及生化方面的研究。从遗传机理来说，细菌对药物的抗性或者是由于染色体基因突变的结果，或者是由于存在染色体外的药物抗性遗传因子。大量的资料表明：染色体外遗传因子控制的药物抗性在临床上更为重要。      本文分三个方面来介绍细菌药物杭性的遗传及其生化表型，而着重谈染色体外遗传因子控制的药物抗性。     

白头翁作为药用植物研究近况

本文叙述了白头翁作为药用植物在基本特征和临床应用方面的一些情况,以及白头翁主要成分的提取方法,同时对白头翁作为药物植物的开发利用做了一些研究,为这一药用植物的进一步开发提供了一定参考。     

槐树作为药用植物的研究近况

本文叙述了槐树作为药用植物在基本特征和临床应用方面的一些情况,以及槐树主要成分的测定和提取方法,同时对槐树作为药物植物的开发利用做了一些研究,为这一药用植物的进一步开发提供了数据参考。     

2013年欧美日新药批准情况

2013年新批准的品种,美国29个,欧盟59个,国本55个。按照药剂适应的疾病来划分,美国批准得最多的是癌症类药物,其次是感染病、代谢和内分泌方面的药物。     

中职药剂专业提高药物分析教学质量的分析

针对我校药剂专业教学现状,根据中职培养目标,结合药物分析特点及教学条件,将素质教育贯穿于整个教学中,灵活运用多种教学方法,注重学生的能力培养和综合素质提高,发挥药物分析在药剂专业中的桥梁作用。     

农药诱导害虫再猖獗机制

害虫再猖獗是农林害虫防治中出现的普遍现象,包括生态再猖獗和生理再猖獗.前者的机制主要是药剂削弱了自然控制作用,后者主要是药剂引起害虫的毒物兴奋效应及补偿作用(刺激产卵).作者团队最新研究证明,药剂刺激产卵是由于药剂激活了脂肪体RNA转录水平,使卵黄蛋白基因表达量显著上调;两性交配昆虫药剂同样刺激雄性生殖并能通过交配传导...     

鱼用核酸疫苗研究进展

近几十年,传染性疾病的暴发给世界鱼类与贝类养殖造成约10%的产量损失。防治寄生虫和传染性病原的化学药剂和抗生素的使用往往会导致药物残留和耐药性的产生,甚至污染水环境;对于病毒病目前尚无有效的防治药物,免疫接种是预防水产动物疾病发生的有效途径。       

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.