人工环境鉴定小豆芽苗期耐冷性研究

对来自中国北京187份、天津33份、河北25份、山西16份、山东6份、河南1份、安徽1份、江苏22份、四川2份、陕西3份、辽宁18份、吉林33份、黑龙江5份,日本31份和韩国1份共384份小豆种质资源进行发芽期耐冷性鉴定,并以31份资源和18个品种为试验材料,进行三叶期耐冷性鉴定研究.结果表明:筛选出发芽期耐冷性较好(耐冷指数>0.80)的资源31份;在三叶期低温8～5℃胁迫7d,资源G-I-34、JN95-0和E0064等表现出较强的耐冷性.采用三叶期低温8～5℃胁迫7d,只统计生长正常苗的方法进行小豆苗期耐冷性鉴定评价是可行的;小豆发芽期与三叶期耐冷性存在差异;苗期持续耐冷性存在差异.     

普通野生稻染色体片段代换系的孕穗期耐冷性研究

为筛选出在苗期和孕穗期都具有强耐冷性的种质以供水稻耐冷研究与育种利用,本研究利用人工低温胁迫的方法,对20份苗期耐冷的普通野生稻染色体片段代换系进行了孕穗期耐冷性鉴定评价。结果表明:(1)在20份代换系材料中,孕穗期耐冷性表现强(3级)、中(5级)和弱(7级)级别的材料为2份、15份和3份,分别占供试材料的10%、75%和15%;(2)水稻苗期和孕穗期的耐冷性呈显著正相关(p0.05),所鉴定出的2份抗性3级材料(DC907和DC866)不但可以作为苗期耐冷性抗源,同时也可以作为孕穗期耐寒性抗源;(3)可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、游离氨基酸、脯氨酸、丙二醛和超氧化物歧化酶等各项生理指标与相对结实率之间均无显著的相关关系,因此均不适宜作为孕穗期耐冷性的鉴定评价指标。     

番茄砧木种子萌芽期与幼苗期耐冷性关系

为了探讨番茄砧木耐冷性鉴定的便捷指标,筛选耐冷砧木材料,研究了不同温度(28、20、15℃)对40份番茄砧木种子萌芽相关指标的影响及低温胁迫(10℃/3℃)下幼苗冷害指数的变化,并分析了幼苗冷害指数与种子萌芽指标的相关性。结果表明:不同砧木材料种子在28℃条件下的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数等差异不大,但15、20℃条件下的相关指标及其与28℃的相对值差异显著;不同砧木材料幼苗在昼夜温度10℃/3℃低温胁迫下的冷害指数也存在显著差异,且与低温条件下种子萌芽相关指标呈极显著相关关系,但相关系数以20℃处理大于15℃处理;通过多元逐步回归分析建立的幼苗冷害指数回归模型中仅20℃下的相对发芽率及相对发芽指数入选,模型决定系数达0.984(P0.001);通过对幼苗冷害指数进行聚类分析,可将砧木材料分为耐冷、冷敏感和中间型3类,其中耐冷材料6份、冷敏感材料5份;而采用冷害指数回归模型入选的2个因子进行聚类分析的结果,除1个材料由中间型归为冷敏感型之外,其余39份材料的分类地位完全相同,表明可通过测定20℃条件下种子的相对发芽率和相对发芽指数,对番茄砧木的耐冷性进行早期便捷鉴定。     

广西水稻地方品种耐冷性鉴定及相关分析

对419份广西水稻地方品种初级核心种质进行芽期、苗期的耐冷性鉴定及相关分析,结果表明:广西水稻地方品种芽期、苗期耐冷性主要集中在7级和9级,总体耐冷性较弱。芽期、苗期极强耐冷种质(1级)分别为24份和27份,占参试总数的5.73%和6.44%,其中10份种质芽期和苗期均表现极强耐冷(1级)。芽期、苗期耐冷性呈极显著正相关(r=0.66)。粳稻芽期、苗期耐冷性均显著高于籼稻;粘糯稻之间耐冷性差异是由籼粳稻类型的耐冷差异引起的;来自高寒山区稻作区的品种芽期和苗期平均耐冷表现最强。利用34个SSR标记与芽期、苗期耐冷性进行Pearson相关分析,在第7和第9染色体上,各鉴定出1个同时与芽期和苗期耐冷性相关联的位点。本研究为水稻芽期、苗期耐冷育种提供新的抗源材料,并为水稻耐冷基因定位及机理研究奠定基础。     

人工环境鉴定小豆芽苗期耐冷性研究

对来自中国北京187份、天津33份、河北25份、山西16份、山东6份、河南1份、安徽1份、江苏22份、四川2份、陕西3份、辽宁18份、吉林33份、黑龙江5份,日本31份和韩国1份共384份小豆种质资源进行发芽期耐冷性鉴定,并以31份资源和18个品种为试验材料,进行三叶期耐冷性鉴定研究。结果表明：筛选出发芽期耐冷性较好（ 耐冷指数＞0.80）的资源31份;在三叶期低温8～5℃胁迫7d,资源G-I-34、JN95-0和E0064等表现出较强的耐冷性。采用三叶期低温8～5℃胁迫7d,只统计生长正常苗的方法进行小豆苗期耐冷性鉴定评价是可行的;小豆发芽期与三叶期耐冷性存在差异;苗期持续耐冷性存在差异。     

黄麻种质芽期和苗期耐盐性的鉴定与评价

本研究以12份黄麻种质为材料,芽期采用萌发实验法、苗期采用营养液栽培法,进行耐盐性鉴定与评价.结果表明:芽期耐盐性鉴定及其耐盐等级划分可以相对盐害率为指标,而苗期则以平均盐害指数为指标.黄麻芽期耐盐性与苗期耐盐性之间存在极显著相关性(r=0.8432**,n=10);经筛选获得了3份高耐盐材料:9511、中黄麻1号、93繁-13,耐盐等级均为1级;1份盐敏感性材料:孟圆,芽期耐盐等级为5级,苗期耐盐等级为4级.     

不同海拔来源云南地方稻种资源各生育时期耐冷性鉴定评价

本研究以不同海拔生态区来源的307份云南地方稻种资源为试验材料,进行了水稻发芽期、芽期、苗期、孕穗开花期等4个生育时期耐冷性的鉴定评价.鉴定结果表明,云南地方稻种的各生育时期耐冷性分级与其分布的生态区海拔高度均呈显著或极显著的负相关,即云南地方稻种的耐冷性与其来源生态区的海拔高度密切相关,分布在高海拔生态区的地方稻种各...     

茄子种质资源的耐冷性鉴定

采用低温胁迫下幼苗叶片冷害指数、种子活力指数、叶片电导百分率为指标,对34份不同类型的茄子种质资源进行耐冷性鉴定.结果表明,活力指数与冷害指数、电导百分率均呈极显著负相关,电导百分率与冷害指数呈极显著正相关.通过耐冷隶属函数值和聚类分析,初步筛选出11份耐冷性较强的材料.     

水杨酸诱导的玉米幼苗适应高温和低温胁迫的能力与抗氧化酶系统的关系

玉米种子经水杨酸(SA)预处理后其幼苗的耐热性与耐冷性提高.其中以300μmol·L-1SA预处理的玉米幼苗对46℃高温胁迫2 d的耐热性提高最大,150μmol·L-1SA预处理的玉米幼苗对1℃低温胁迫5 d的耐冷性提高最大.在高温和低温胁迫过程中,SA预处理过的玉米幼苗中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化物酶(GPX)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的活性水平均高于未经SA处理的.     

水稻RIL群体苗期耐冷性QTL分析

水稻苗期冷害是影响早春季节和高纬度地区水稻成苗和秧苗生长的重要限制因素之一。为了鉴定控制水稻苗期耐冷性的QTL,研究采用了1个水稻“粳籼交”重组自交系(RIL)群体,结合1张高密度分子遗传图谱,对3叶期幼苗经过10℃冷处理3d、恢复培养2d和4d时的秧苗存活率进行复合区间作图。亲本Lemont和特青的苗期耐冷性具有极显著差异,Lemont的苗期耐冷性很强,而特青对低温敏感。在重组自交系群体中,苗期耐冷性表现为连续变异,在两个方向上均出现大量超亲分离。共检测到5个水稻苗期耐冷性QTL,分别位于水稻1、3、8和11号染色体上,单个QTL对性状的贡献率为7％～21％。其中,4个QTL的增效基因来源于亲本Lemont,另1个QTL的增效基因来源于亲本特青。2个主效QTL(qSCT-3和qSCT-8)分别位于3号染色体标记区间RM282-RM156和8号染色体标记区间RM230—RM264,对性状的贡献率达到或接近20％,被检测到的LOD值显著较高,其增效基因均来自于耐冷性亲本Lemont。研究结果进一步揭示了水稻苗期耐冷性QTL具有丰富的位点多样性,表明耐冷性普遍较强的粳稻是发掘苗期耐冷性优异基因的主要稻种资源。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.