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1.
Sho-ichi Tsujiyama 《Mycoscience》1999,40(1):69-72
Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis was applied to the fruit-body (pileus and stipe) and mycelium, of shiitake
mushroom (Lentinula edodes). Thermograms of each sample indicated distinctive patterns. However, chemical and infrared (IR) spectroscopic analyses showed
that the compositions of pileus and stipe were similar to each other and different from that of mycelium. Because the DSC
thermogram depends not only on chemical composition but also on physical properties such as density, the result of DSC analysis
was assumed to indicate a difference in the state of cell wall between pileus and stipe. 相似文献
2.
Fruiting ofLentinula edodes was induced by soaking the bedlogs in water. It appeared that each bedlog had its own optimum water content for fruiting,
and the value was affected by the extent of wood decay. A high content of free water, more than 20%, together with a high
content of air volume, 32–43%, resulted in good fruiting. As less decayed young bedlogs have high contents of wood substance,
it is difficult to obtain high contents of both free water and air volume. This is one reason why less decayed bedlogs produce
less fruiting.
Contribution No. 323 from the Tottori Mycological Institute. 相似文献
3.
More than 100 dikaryotic clones (protoclones) derived from mycelial protoplasts of aLentinula edodes dikaryon were examined for their mycelial growth and fruiting body productivity. These protoclones exhibited a variety of
vegetative mycelial growth rates, but no apparent difference in colonial morphology compared with the original (parental)
dikaryon. Protoclones were cultivated on wood logs under natural conditions, and they exhibited a very wide range of fruiting
body yields. Of the 134 protoclones, four were selected that produced a 30–40% increase in dry weight of fruiting body yield
over that of the original dikaryon. This high productivity of fruiting bodies was maintained for at least several years. The
present results suggest thatL. edodes protoclones can be practically used in strain improvement to increase the capability of fruiting body formation.
Contribution No. 287 from the Tottori Mycological Institute. 相似文献
4.
A bacterial disease occurred on fruiting bodies ofLentinula edodes that formed outdoors onQuercus bedlogs during winter. The pathogen was identified asPseudomonas tolaasii based on morphological and bacteriological characteristics. Symptoms exhibited by infected fruiting bodies ranged from mild browning to severe necrotic cavities that characteristically developed in the cap tissue along the periphery of the attachment area to the stalk. The mode of symptom development was greatly influenced by the internal tissue structure of fruiting bodies. Multiplication of bacterial cells within the fruiting bodies was strictly intercellular and thus differed from previously reported bacterial disease ofL. edodes incited by an unidentified rod-shaped bacterium. The present strain ofP. tolaasii was capable of attacking theL. edodes mycelium in the inner bark and outer sapwood regions and caused lysis of heavily infected hyphae.Paper No. 301 of the Tottori Mycological Institute. 相似文献
5.
Morphological mutation of Lentinula edodes mycelium, particularly detectable in the dikaryotic state
A morphological mutation particularly detectable in the dikaryotic state was found in Lentinula edodes. The mutant dikaryon was readily distinguishable from the normal dikaryon by the irregularly branched short hyphae, very
slow hyphal growth, and sparse aerial hyphae. Genetic analysis revealed that expression of this mutation was controlled by
a single recessive gene, mor-13. Linkage analysis showed that the mor-13 was not linked to either the incompatibility factors (A and B) or the five kinds of mor genes that were segregated independently of each other in a previous study.
Contribution no. 380 from the Tottori Mycological Institute 相似文献
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A strain of the basidiomycete Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) was newly identified from the mushroom library of Mori Sangyo Co., Ltd., Japan. This strain, named MIL-LEW-M13-1, is capable of forming the fruiting body on sawdust-based medium without a reduction in temperature. Mating experiments with a monokaryotic mycelium of L. edodes strain that does require low temperature for fruiting–body formation suggest that the unique property of the MIL-LEW-M13-1 strain is a dominant trait that can be inherited by its progeny in a nucleus-dependent manner. 相似文献
9.
Asexual fruit body formation of an entomogenous,Paecilomyces tenuipes, on an artificial culture medium was investigated. For the fruit body induction, light/dark condition was important. Illumination
by white light in a particular critical period preceded by a dark period induced the fruit bodies. The critical period was
identified to be around 6–14 d after inoculation at 20°C. 相似文献
10.
Mika Murata Masaru Nagai Makoto Takao Akira Suzuki Takuo Sakai Takao Terashita 《Mycoscience》2001,42(5):479-482
Trehalase from the culture filtrate ofLentinula edodes was purified and characterized. Molecular masses were estimated to be 158 kDa and 79–91 kDa by gel filtration and SDS-PAGE
under the reduced condition, respectively. The enzyme was composed of two identical subunits and contained carbohydrate molecules.
The optimum temperature and pH were obtained at around 40°C and pH 5.0, respectively. The enzyme was stable up to 40°C and
in a range pH of 4–10 at 30°C. It cleaved α-1,1 linkages of trehalose, but not α-1,4, α-1,6 or β-1,4 glycosyl linkages, and
was defined as an acid trehalase. 相似文献
11.
Mata Gerardo Salmones Dulce Ortega Perla Ma. 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2000,16(3):283-287
The viability of two strains of Lentinula edodes and two of L. boryana under cryogenic storage during 1 week has been studied from the evaluation of five contact periods (1, 1.5, 2, 3 and 5 h) of the cryoprotector, glycerol 10% (v/v), with the mycelium. On average, 99.25% of samples were recovered, 1.5 h being the best contact period. Afterwards, samples of the strains, before and after the cryogenic process, were cultivated at a pilot plant using a mix of Carpinus carolineana sawdust, rice bran and sorghum grains as substrate. The evaluation parameters were: days of incubation, primordia initiation, number of flushes, fruiting body sizes and biological efficiency (EB). Only L. edodes developed carpophores. On average, 3–4 flushes were obtained, which reached EB of 67.1 ± 30.7 to 74.7 ± 24.5 with no statistical differences detected between the yields. The majority of fructification sizes ranged from 5 to 14.9 cm. Morphological differences between the samples before and after the treatment were not observed. 相似文献
12.
The presence of plasmids was surveyed in 90 wild isolates ofLentinula edodes collected from geographically different world regions. DNA plasmids of different sizes were found in about 80% of the isolates.
The plasmids detected were of six kinds, designated as pLE1 (9.0 kb), pLE2 (11.1 kb,=pLLE1 described by other authors), pLE3A
(9.8 kb), pLE3B (10.8 kb), pLE3C (12.1 kb), and pLE3D (12.3 kb). Hybridization analysis suggested that pLE1 and pLE2 were
distinct plasmid types of different homology groups to each other, and the four other plasmids were variant types belonging
to a third homology group. These plasmids had no homology with their host's and non-host's nuclear and mitochondrial genome
DNAs. Restriction analysis and electron microscopy indicated that the plasmids are linear in form. Since all six plasmids
were transmitted uniparentally in sexual crosses and were consistently associated with the DNA preparations from mitochondria
fractionated from mycelia of representative isolates, they were suggested to be located in mitochondria, similar to many other
known fungal DNA plasmids. Geographically, pLE1 and pLE2 were widely distributed in natural populations ofL. edodes, while the remaining four plasmids were uniquely present in delimited natural populations.
Contribution No. 322 from the Tottori Mycological Institute. 相似文献
13.
Hidetaka Umata 《Mycoscience》1998,39(1):85-88
The biological function ofLentinula edodes in a myco-heterotrophic orchid,Erythrorchis ochobiensis was examined, using one local variant each from Japan (JPN), Papua New Guinea (PNG) and New Zealand (NZ). All variants induced
seed germination: PNG and NZ isolates were effective at 25°C and JPN isolate showed the highest germination rate at 30°C.
Germinated seeds developed into plants and formed normal endomycorrhizas. Hence, it is concluded thatL. edodes has a perfect symbiotic potential withE. ochobiensis, though it has not been observed in the root of the orchid in the field. 相似文献
14.
Mycelium of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) was cultured continuously in liquid medium. The liquid culture was carried out for the production of liquid spawn in the
cultivation of this mushroom on synthetic sawdust substrate, and its performance was compared with that of the solid spawn.
The initial colonization in culture bags was faster with the solid spawn than with the liquid spawn, but after this stage
CO2 production was higher with the liquid spawn than with the solid spawn. For harvesting sufficient amount of good quality mushrooms,
120 d of incubation in bags was needed with the solid spawn, but this was reduced to 90 d for the sawdust blocks using liquid
spawn of less than 50 d old. If continuous culture of the liquid spawn was prolonged over 50 d, immature fruit-bodies or their
initials formed during the period of bag incubation. The solid subcultures of the liquid spawns retained the fruiting characteristics
acquired in the liquid culture. Liquid culture could be a useful tool for breeding of mushrooms. 相似文献
15.
The gene encoding Lentinula edodes glucoamylase (GLA) was cloned into Saccharomyces cerevisiae, expressed constitutively and secreted in an active form. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, anion exchange and affinity chromatography. The protein had a correct N-terminal sequence of WAQSSVIDAYVAS,
indicating that the signal peptide was efficiently cleaved. The recombinant enzyme was glycosylated with a 2.4% carbohydrate
content. It had a pH optimum of 4.6 and a pH 3.4–6.4 stability range. The temperature optimum was 50°C with stability ≤50°C.
The enzyme showed considerable loss of activity when incubated with glucose (44%), glucosamine (68%), galactose (22%), and
xylose (64%). The addition of Mn++ activated the enzyme by 45%, while Li+, Zn++, Mg++, Cu+, Ca++, and EDTA had no effect. The enzyme hydrolyzed amylopectin at rates 1.5 and 8.0 times that of soluble starch and amylose,
respectively. Soluble starch was hydrolyzed 16 and 29 times faster than wheat and corn starch granules, respectively, with
the hydrolysis of starch granules using 10× the amount of GLA. Apparent Km and Vmax for soluble starch were estimated to be 3.0 mg/ml and 0.13 mg/ml/min (40°C, pH 5.3), with an apparent kcat of 2.9×105 min−1. 相似文献
16.
The laccases (EC 1.10.3.2) secreted into solid-state culture by Lentinula edodes were analyzed. The fungus secreted at least two laccases in the solid-state culture. One laccase was purified to a homogeneous
preparation using anion-exchange, hydrophobic, and size-exclusion chromatography. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the purified
laccase, Lcc6, was a monomeric protein of 58.5 kDa. The optimum pH for enzyme activity was about 3.5, and the laccase was
most active at 40°C. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of Lcc6 did not correspond to the sequence of Lcc1, which was previously
purified from L. edodes. Lcc6 had decolorization activity to some chemical dyes. 相似文献
17.
We isolated and characterized the genomic and complementary DNAs encoding a chitin synthase from an edible basidiomycetous
mushroom, Lentinula edodes. The gene (which we designated Lechs1) contains a large open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 1937 amino acid residues. The open reading frame is interrupted
by 14 small introns (49–116 bp). The gene product (LeChs1) consists of a myosin motor-like domain in its N-terminal half and
a chitin synthase domain in its C-terminal half, analogous to the class V and VI chitin synthases of other filamentous fungi.
Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that LeChs1 is classified into class VI chitin synthases. Southern blot analysis indicated
that Lechs1 is a single-copy gene per haploid genome and that L. edodes has no other highly homologous chitin synthase genes. Northern blot analysis revealed that Lechs1 is expressed throughout the whole stages of fruit-body formation of L. edodes, but its expression level gradually declines in a fruit body-maturation-dependent manner with highest expression in vegetative
mycelia and fruit body at the early stage of maturation (immature fruit body). This is the first report on the isolation and
characterization of the gene encoding a chitin synthase with a myosin motor-like domain from basidiomycetes. 相似文献
18.
【目的】研究调控子H-NS对副溶血弧菌T6SS1结构蛋白基因hcp1的转录调控机制。【方法】利用Western blot检测Hcp1蛋白在野生株(WT)和hns基因敲除株(Δhns)中表达水平的差异。提取WT和Δhns的总RNA,采用实时定量RT-PCR的方法验证H-NS对hcp1的转录调控关系。进而采用引物延伸实验研究hcp1的转录起始位点,并根据产物的丰度判断H-NS对hcp1的调控关系。PCR扩增hcp1的整个启动子区DNA序列,并纯化His-H-NS蛋白,通过凝胶阻滞实验(EMSA)验证His-H-NS对hcp1启动子区是否具有直接的结合作用。【结果】Western blot和实时定量RT-PCR结果显示H-NS能抑制hcp1的表达;引物延伸结果显示hcp1只有一个转录起始位点T(–62)(翻译起始位点为+1),且其转录活性是H-NS和σ54依赖性的;EMSA实验表明H-NS对hcp1的启动子区具有直接的结合作用。【结论】H-NS能直接结合到hcp1启动子区而抑制其转录表达。 相似文献
19.
Cloning and Characterization of the Xyn11A Gene from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lentinula edodes</Emphasis> 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hemicellulose represents a rich source of biomass that can be converted into useful chemical feedstocks. One of the main components of hemicellulose is xylan, a polymer of xylose residues. Xylanase enzymes that hydrolyze xylan are therefore of great commercial interest. We have cloned a gene (xyn11A) that encodes a 283-amino acid xylanase enzyme from the fungus Lentinula edodes. The enzyme has a pI of 4.6 and belongs to the highly conserved glycosyl hydrolase family 11. The xylanase gene was cloned into a Pichia pastoris expression vector that secretes active enzyme into both solid and liquid media. The optimal reaction conditions were at pH 4.5 and 50°C. The enzyme had a Km of 1.5 mg/ml and a Vmax of 2.1 mmol/min/mg. Xyn11A produced primarily xylobiose, xylotriose, and xylotetraose from a birchwood xylan substrate. This is the first report on the cloning of a hemicellulase gene from L. edodes. 相似文献
20.