MyoG基因多态性对鸭屠宰性状的影响

为了探究肌细胞生成素(MyoG)基因多态性对屠宰性状的影响,本试验分别选取三穗鸭和兴义鸭各60只为材料,采用PCR法结合直接测序进行SNPs检测。在三穗鸭MyoG基因编码区中共发现1个单核苷酸多态位点(SNP)g.1131CT;2个SNPs在兴义鸭的MyoG基因中被找到,分别位于为g.238GC和g.397CG处。这些位点均属同义突变,并未引起所编码氨基酸改变。SNPs与屠宰性状的关联性分析表明,三穗鸭g.1131CT位点对胸肌率有显著影响,兴义鸭g.238GC位点对胸肌率有影响,g.397CG处位点对腿肌重有显著影响。由此可推测MyoG基因发生突变可引起鸭的部分屠宰性状发生改变。     

MyoG基因对金华猪繁殖性状的影响

用PCR-RFLP方法对金华猪I系（109头）、II系（15头）、III系（25头）的MyoG基因的第二内含子内（PCR1- MspⅠ-RFLP）和3'-端（PCR2- MspⅠ-RFLP）位点进行了多态性分析。结果表明：PCR1- MspⅠ-RFLP位点有3种基因型（AA、AB、BB）,其基因型频率分别为0.1544,0.3826,0.4631;PCR2- MspⅠ-RFLP位点只有2种基因型（MM、MN）,其基因型频率分别为0.9953和0.0047。采用SPSS程序分析MyoG基因对金华猪繁殖性状的影响。结果表明：MyoG基因对金华母猪初胎的总产仔数、二胎的产活仔数影响显著（P<0.05）,而对其他胎次组合的总产仔数、产活仔数以及初生窝重没有显著影响（P<0.05）。     

草原红牛IGF-I基因5′调控区序列的生物信息学分析

胰岛素样生长因子-I(IGF-I)基因为多启动子基因,也是影响动物生长发育和肉用性状的重要候选基因.在克隆草原红牛IGF-I基因5′调控区1 954 bP的基因组序列基础上,利用生物信息学软件,分析了IGF-I 5′调控区的启动子结构;预测出评分在95分以上的转录因子结合位点有71个;分析结果没有发现CpG岛和TATA-box.研究结果为进一步研究IGF-I转录效率以及对草原红牛生长和肉用性状的影响奠定基础.     

辽宁绒山羊IGF-Ⅰ基因5′调控区多态性与产绒性状相关

根据表型性状选取少量辽宁绒山羊个体,直接进行类胰岛素生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ) 基因5′调控区克隆测序以确定单核苷酸多态(SNP)位点,共发现4个SNPs,分别是G→C (388 bp)、A→G (668 bp)、A→C (719 bp)、G→A (752 bp)的突变,导致5′调控区305～800 bp中比野生型个体减少一个CdxA转录因子结合位点,但C/EBP的值 (89.2)高于野生型 (88.5)．然后通过引入错配碱基创造酶切位点技术和多聚酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性 (PCR-RFLP)方法,对520只辽宁绒山羊进行基因型检测,结果表明,每个SNP位点在本群体中都有AA (野生型)、AB和BB (突变型) 三种基因型,且4个SNPs位点共有13种单倍型组合．将不同SNP的基因型及单倍型组合与绒产量、绒纤维细度和绒纤维长度进行关联分析发现,SNP2位点的AA基因型绒纤维细度极显著低于AB型和BB型 (P < 0.01),而SNP4位点AA基因型产绒量显著高于AB型和BB型 (P < 0.05),单倍型组合H7H7与产绒量和绒纤维细度均有显著相关(P < 0.05)．IGF-Ⅰ基因可能是影响绒山羊产绒性状的主要候选基因．     

甘南牦牛(Bos grunniens)FBXO32基因突变及其与胴体和肉质性状关联分析

为了分析甘南牦牛(Bos grunniens)肌肉萎缩盒蛋白32(F-box protein 32,FBXO32)基因的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP)位点,以及基因型与胴体和肉质性状间的相关性,本研究以593头甘南牦牛为研究对象,采用混池测序和竞争性等位基因特异性PCR(kompetitive allele specific PCR, KASP)技术,检测了甘南牦牛FBXO32基因突变位点及基因型,分析了基因型与甘南牦牛胴体及肉质性状的相关性。结果表明,从甘南牦牛FBXO32基因检测到7个SNP位点,分别是位于5′UTR区的SNP1(g.267A>C)、外显子1区的SNP2(g.326G>T)、外显子8区的SNP3(g.31231G>C),以及3′UTR区的SNP4(g.31352G>A)、 SNP5(g.31424C>T)、 SNP6(g.31503A>C)和SNP7(g.31504A>G)。其中,SNP1、 SNP4、 SNP5、 SNP6与肌肉嫩度显著相关(P<0.05), ...     

鸡6个功能基因microRNA靶标区域SNP的生物信息学预测

GDF-8、IGF-I、IGF-III、IGF2R、IGFBP2和GHR是鸡的重要经济性状候选基因。利用miRanda和Targetscan软件预测6个基因3′UTR潜在的microRNA靶标, 并发掘靶标区域SNP位点。结果表明: 在6个基因的26个microRNA靶标区域, 共检测到125个SNP位点, 在靶标及其5′和3′邻接等长侧翼区分别检测到47个、44个和35个SNPs位点, 其中12个SNP定位于靶标种子序列互补区。种子序列互补区及其3′侧翼区的SNP位点可能会影响microRNA的调控, 导致家禽的表型变异     

小麦耐低磷相关性状的全基因组关联分析

通过对小麦耐低磷相关性状进行全基因组关联分析(GWAS,genome-wide association study),挖掘与小麦耐低磷性显著相关的单核苷酸多态性标记(SNP,single nucleotide polymorphism)位点及候选基因,为小麦耐低磷性状的遗传基础和分子机制研究提供理论参考。本试验以198份黄淮麦区小麦品种(系)为试验材料,设置低磷和正常磷营养液水培试验,利用小麦35K芯片对分布于小麦全基因组的11896个SNP,采用Q+K关联模型对小麦耐低磷性相关性状进行关联分析。结果表明,小麦耐低磷性状表现出广泛的表型变异,变异系数为15.65%~26.59%,多态性信息含量(PIC,polymorphic information content)为0.095~0.500。群体结构分析表明,试验所用自然群体可分为2个亚群,GWAS共检测到67个与小麦耐低磷相关性状显著关联的SNP位点(P≤0.001),这些位点分布在除3A、3B和3D以外的18条染色体上,单个SNP位点可解释5.826%~9.552%的表型变异。在这些显著位点中有4个SNP位点同时关联到了2个不同的耐低磷性状。对67个SNP位点进行发掘,筛选到7个可能与小麦耐低磷性有关的候选基因。TraesCS6A02G001000和TraesCS6A02G001100在锌指合成中有重要作用;TraesCS6A02G118100可能为低磷胁迫诱导基因;TraesCS5D02G536400、TraesCS1B02G154200和TraesCS5D02G536500与低磷胁迫相关酶类基因家族有关;TraesCS1D02G231200与植物DUF 538结构域蛋白有关,是植物胁迫相关调控蛋白候选基因。     

羊FSHR基因5′端转录启动调控区的生物学特性

文章对小尾寒羊、滩羊和澳洲绵羊等繁殖性状不同的3种绵羊与排卵有关的FSHR基因5′端转录启动调控区进行了克隆和分析,通过对FSHR基因的15个转录调控元件序列进行比较,结果表明,羊不同品种FSHR基因的转录调控元件序列之间没有差异。这说明绵羊的品种与FSHR基因5′端转录启动调控区的相关性不强,排除了因转录调控元件突变而影响转录调节能力的可能性。     

三角帆蚌GPX基因结构特征及抗性相关SNP的筛选

根据三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GPX)基因cDNA序列,通过PCR和基因组步移法,从三角帆蚌基因组DNA中扩增出GPX基因全长及其5′调控区。序列分析表明,该基因序列全长6 708 bp,含有2个外显子,1个内含子。5′调控区为992 bp,含有启动子的核心序列TATA盒以及其他一些转录调控元件,如AP1、C/EBP、CdxA。2个外显子长度分别为273 bp和991 bp,内含子长度为4 491 bp。通过直接测序法在三角帆蚌抗性群体和易感群体中筛选GPX基因的SNPs,并研究这些多态性位点与抗逆性状的相关性。共获得了16个SNP位点,其中启动子区的A-99G位点、A-86C位点、A-49C位点,内含子区的A2841T位点、C2847T位点、G3146C位点、A3150G位点以及G4645T位点共8个SNP位点的基因型频率和等位基因频率在抗性和易感群体中均存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。连锁不平衡分析结果显示GPX基因A-86C位点、A-49C位点、C2847T位点、A3150G位点与G4645T位点之间,以及A2841T位点与G3146C位点之间均存在强连锁不平衡。同时单倍型分析发现,在抗性群体中单倍型分别为ACTGT和TG的个体出现的频率显著高于易感群体中出现的频率。这些结果表明,GPX基因的部分SNPs可作为三角帆蚌抗病辅助育种的候选分子标记。     

Ex-FABP 作为鸡腹脂性状主要候选基因的研究

细胞外脂肪酸结合蛋白 (extracellular fatty acid-binding protein, Ex-FABP) 基因是脂肪酸结合蛋白 (fatty acid-binding protein, FABP) 家族的另一成员,参与鸡的脂肪酸、肌纤维、骨骼等调控过程 . 利用 PCR-SSCP (single strand conformation polymorphism) 和 DNA 测序的方法,对不同品种的杂交鸡进行了 Ex-FABP 基因 5′调控区部分序列的多态性分析,发现了 3 个单核苷酸多态性 (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) 位点 . 其中,此片段中的碱基 C (－1000) 的插入和碱基 T → C (－1011) 的突变,导致此处比野生型基因少了 1 个 cap ,多了 1 个 Nkx-2 、 1 个 AhR/Ar 和 2 个 CF1 等转录因子结合位点的产生 . 利用 SAS 软件对 Ex-FABP 基因 5′调控区的 SNPs 与屠体性状的最小二乘分析,发现基因型 BB (突变型) 与腹脂重存在极显著相关 (P<0.01). 研究结果表明,细胞外脂肪酸结合蛋白 (Ex-FABP) 基因是影响脂肪沉积、控制腹脂性状的主要候选基因 .     

Correlation analysis of relationships between polymorphisms of high quality chicken myogenin gene and slaughter and meat quality traits]

PCR-SSCP technique was designed in this study to investigate the effect of MyoG on quality meat chicken (developed by Sichuan Dahen Poultry Breeding Company using local breeds). Four mutations at base position in promoter were detected among individuals in each line, i.e. T/C in locusA and T/A, T/C and A/G in locus B . The least square analysis showed that there were a significant difference between genotypes and breast muscle percentage and some carcass traits (P<0.05for locus A. There were a significant difference (P <0.05) in breast muscle weight between ACAA and AB geno- types; a significant difference (P <0.05) in leg muscle percentage between CC and AC for locus B, and a extremity signifi-cant difference (P <0.01) in the frequency of genotype muscle Fibre Density for Bothlocus A to locus B. There was no sig-nificant difference (P >0.05) in the other triats. It was concluded from the results that MyoG gene is the major gene affect-ing the muscle fiber traits of chicken or it links with the candidate gene, and the mutation could be used as the molecular genetic marker to select the chickens for Meat Quality traits.     

脂肪分化相关蛋白基因多态性与优质鸡屠宰性状和肌内脂肪含量的相关性研究

对脂肪分化相关蛋白(Adipocyte Differentiation-Related Protein, ADFP)基因的外显子进行SNPs 检测, 探讨其作为鸡脂肪性状候选基因的可能性。实验以四川省畜牧科学研究院和大恒家禽育种有限公司培育的优质肉鸡新品系为素材, 采用PCR-SSCP的方法进行SNPs 检测和基因型的分析。结果找到3个SNPs位点: 4 079位由A→T(位点A)、4 843位由C→T(位点B)和7 070位由A→G(位点C)。单位点基因型对屠宰性状的遗传效应分析表明, 位点A的基因型对腿肌率、腹脂重、腹脂率和肌内脂肪含量有显著性影响(P < 0.05), 位点B的基因型对活重和屠体重均有显著性影响(P < 0.05), 位点C的基因型对胸肌重和肌内脂肪含量有显著性影响(P < 0.05), 对胸肌率有极显著性影响(P < 0.01)。初步推断ADFP基因可能是影响鸡脂肪性状的主效基因或与主效基因连锁, 推测可以利用多态位点A和C对鸡腹脂重、腹脂率和肌内脂肪含量进行标记辅助选择。     

The single nucleotide polymorphisms of the chicken myostatin gene are associated with skeletal muscle and adipose growth

Myostatin, a new member of the TGF-p superfamily, is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle cells and functions as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth in animals. Recently, we have reported three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the chicken my-ostatin gene. Herein, we investigate the association of those SNPs with the production traits in a F2 chicken line derived from Broilers crossing to Silky with the least square analysis. The results show that the BB and AA genotypes are strongly associated with abdominal fat weight (AFW), abdominal fat percentage (AFP), and birth weight (BW) (P < 0.05). Breast muscle percentage (BMP) of the AA type is higher than that of the AB type. The breast muscle weight and breast muscle percentages of F2 individuals have significant difference between CC and DD genotypes (P< 0.05). Breast muscle weight (BMW) of EF birds is higher than that of EE birds (P< 0.05). In this report, we present the first genetic evidence to show that chicken myostatin not o     

Polymorphisms and expression of the chicken POU1F1 gene associated with carcass traits

POU1F1 is an essential factor that regulates the development and reproduction of animal. The objective of the current research was to screen for polymorphism, expression of POU1F1 and their association with carcass quality traits. A total of 126 Erlang mountainous chickens from two strains (SD02 and SD03) were employed for testing. Seventeen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected, but only two SNPs (g.96217999 T > C and g.96219442 C > T) were associated with carcass quality traits. In SD03 chicken, g.96217999 T > C genotypes were significantly associated with body weight (BW), carcass weight (CW), eviscerated weight (EW), and semi-eviscerated weight (SEW; P < 0.05), and was highly significantly associated with breast muscle weight (BMW) and abdominal fat weight (AW; P < 0.01). g.96219442 C > T was significantly associated with BW, EW, SEW (P < 0.05). However, these two SNPs were not significantly associated with any carcass traits in SD02 chicken. Diplotypes showed that in SD03 chicken, the haplotype [C: C] was the most favorable haplotype because it was associated with higher BW, CW, SEW, EW, BMW, and AW (P < 0.05). On the contrary, haplotype [T: T] was associated with lower carcass quality traits (P < 0.01). In addition, qRT-PCR revealed that at 13 weeks, the POU1F1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in breast muscle of cock compared to that of hens (P < 0.05), whereas there was no significant correlation between POU1F1 expression and carcass traits. These results suggested that POU1F1 could be a potential candidate gene for carcass traits in chicken.     

The single nucleotide polymorphisms of the chicken myostatin gene are associated with skeletal muscle and adipose growth

Myostatin, a new member of the TGF-ß superfamily, is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle cells and functions as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth in animals. Recently, we have reported three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the chicken myostatin gene. Herein, we investigate the association of those SNPs with the production traits in a F₂ chicken line derived from Broilers crossing to Silky with the least square analysis. The results show that the BB and AA genotypes are strongly associated with abdominal fat weight (AFW), abdominal fat percentage (AFP), and birth weight (BW) (P < 0.05). Breast muscle percentage (BMP) of the AA type is higher than that of the AB type. The breast muscle weight and breast muscle percentages of F₂ individuals have significant difference between CC and DD genotypes (P < 0.05). Breast muscle weight (BMW) of EF birds is higher than that of EE birds (P < 0.05). In this report, we present the first genetic evidence to show that chicken myostatin not only plays an important role in controlling skeletal muscle growth and differentiation, but also may be involved in regulation of adipose growth in chicken.     

猪MyoG基因内含子1的一个遗传多态性及其遗传效应分析

以长白猪(73),大白猪(68),沂蒙黑猪(57)和莱芜猪(83)为研究对象,采用PCR-SSCP方法 对猪MyoG基因遗传多态性进行分析,并研究基因型与初生重、日增重、肌肉嫩度和背膘厚的相关性.根据猪MyoG 基因的DNA序列（M14331）设计引物,结果在内含子1扩增的片段上发现了一个多态性,检测到2个等位基因(A、B),3种基因型（AA、AB、BB）,并对纯合子进行测序,发现2　943位G→C突变.基因型在不同猪种分布的多重比较,结果表明,大白猪与长白猪、沂蒙黑猪和莱芜猪比较差异显著（P<0.05）,莱芜猪与长白猪和沂蒙黑猪比较差异显著（P<0.05）,长白猪与沂蒙黑猪比较差异不显著（P>0.05）.固定效应模型分析结果表明,初生重及嫩度基因型间差异显著（P<0.01）,而日增重及背膘厚基因型间差异不显著（P>0.05）.最小二乘分析结果表明,BB基因型个体与AA基因型个体比较肌肉嫩度的差异显著（P<0.05）,AA基因型个体与AB和BB基因型个体比较背膘厚的差异显著（P<0.05）.因此,推测MyoG基因对猪肉品质、生长速度及背膘厚存在一定的影响,将 MyoG基因应用于猪育种过程中的标记辅助选择将可以改善猪肉品质,提高生长速度,加快猪的育种进程.     

鸡Myostatin基因单核苷酸多态性及其对屠体性状的遗传效应分析

以180只3个品系的温岭草鸡为材料, 采用PCR-RFLP方法对鸡MSTN基因外显子1的2个多态位点进行研究, 并分析对屠体性状的遗传效应。Bsh1236Ⅰ识别G(2100)A突变, 产生MN和NN 2种基因型, MspⅠ识别G(2109)A突变, 产生AA、AB和BB 3种基因型, 联合2个位点分析出现了5种基因型。基因型频率在品系间的c2检验表明差异均不显著(P＞0.05)。方差分析显示不同基因型的屠宰率有显著或极显著的差异(P＜0.01或P＜0.05)。多重比较显示：杂合型MN的腹脂重和屠宰率显著(P＜0.05)高于突变型NN; 杂合型AB的胸肌重和胸肌率显著(P＜0.01或P＜0.05 )高于基因型AA, 基因型AA的腹脂重和腹脂率都极显著(P＜0.01)高于突变型BB, 在腿肌重性状上, BB型显著(P＜0.05)低于AA型和AB型;2个位点联合分析时, NA/MA基因型的腹脂重、腹脂率和胸肌率均极显著(P＜0.01)高于或低于其他基因型。     

Differential gene expression in liver of inbred chickens and their hybrid offspring

Differential display of mRNA was used to analyse the differences of gene expression in liver between chicken hybrids and their parents in a 4 x 4 diallel crosses in order to study the molecular basis of heterosis in chickens. The results indicated that patterns of gene expression in hybrids differ significantly from their parents. Four patterns of differential gene expression were revealed, which included: (i) bands only detected in the hybrid F1s (UNF1); (ii) bands only absent in the hybrid F1s (ABF1); (iii) bands only detected in the parental P1 or P2 lines (UNP1 and UNP2) and (iv) bands absent in the parental P1 or P2 lines (ABP1 and ABP2). In addition, correlations between patterns of gene expression and heterosis percentages of nine carcass traits of 8-week-old chickens were evaluated. Statistical results showed that negative correlations between heterosis percentages and the percentage of F1-specific bands (UNF1) were significant at P < 0.01 for breast muscle yield, leg muscle yield, wing weight, eviscerated weight and eviscerated weight with giblet of 8-week-old chickens, and at P < 0.05 for intermuscular fat width. Heterosis percentage was negatively correlated with ABP (bands present in the hybrid F1s and one parental line but absent in the other parental line, ABP1 and ABP2) for breast muscle yield, leg muscle yield, wing weight, eviscerated weight and eviscerated weight with giblet of 8-week-old chickens (P < 0.01). Bands detected only in the hybrid F1s but not in either of the parental lines (UNF1) and bands absent in parental P1 or P2 lines (which includes ABP1 and ABP2) may play important roles in chicken heterosis.     

Polymorphism of chicken myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor 2A gene and its association with chicken carcass traits

Myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor 2A (MEF2A) gene is a member of the myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor 2 (MEF2) protein family which involved in vertebrate skeletal muscle development and differentiation. The aim of the current study is to investigate the potential associations between MEF2A gene SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and the carcass traits in 471 chicken samples from four populations. Three new SNPs (T46023C, A72626G, and T89232G) were detected in the chicken MEF2A gene. The T46023C genotypes were associated with live body weight (BW), carcass weight (CW), eviscerated weight, semi-eviscerated weight (SEW), and leg muscle weight (LMW) (P < 0.05); the A72626G genotypes were associated with BW, CW, LMW (P < 0.01) and breast muscle weight (BMW), leg muscle percentage (LMP) (P < 0.05); whereas the T89232G genotypes were associated with carcass percentage (CP) and semi-eviscerated percentage (SEP) (P < 0.05). The haplotypes constructed on the three SNPs were associated with BW, CW, LMW (P < 0.01), SEW, BMW, CP (P < 0.05). Significantly and suggestive dominant effects of diplotype H1H2 were observed for BW, CW, SEW, BMW and CP, whereas diplotype H5H5 had a negative effect on BW, CW, SEW, BMW and LMW. Our results suggest that the MEF2A gene may be a potential marker affecting the muscle trait of chickens.     

Association and Haplotype Analysis of purH Gene with Inosine Monophosphate Content in Chickens

The current study was designed to investigate the effects of the purH gene on chicken muscle inosine monophosphate (IMP) content. Muscle IMP content was measured in five chicken breeds. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected by PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing. Two SNPs were detected, A/T substitution at position 8023 in exon 9, and T/C substitution at position 17446 in exon 16. The results indicated that only T17446C polymorphism was associated with IMP content. The haplotype effect was higher than the single genotype effect. We tentatively conclude that purH gene is a candidate locus or linked to a major gene that affects muscle IMP content. Haplotypes are superior to single genotypes as potential molecular markers for meat quality traits in chicken.