应用酶联免疫吸附试验检测马铃薯卷叶病毒

以辣根过氧化物酶标记马铃薯卷叶病毒抗体,采用双抗体夹心ELISA方法鉴定了马铃薯和洋酸浆的茎、叶、根及马铃薯块茎中的马铃薯卷叶病毒(Potato Leafroll Virus,PLRV),结果表明,对提纯的PLRV可测出的最低浓度为25ng/ml,当包被抗体浓度为40μg/ml、酶标记抗体稀释度为1/120时,可测出马铃薯茎、叶和根汁液中的PLRV,感染PLRV的洋酸浆茎、叶和根汁液的消光值,均比无病对照者高二倍以上,虽然感染PLRV的马铃薯休眠块茎维管束组织汁液的消光值高于无病毒对照,且脐部维管束组织消光值高于顶端,但测定打破休眠的感病块茎顶端维管束组织的阳性结果更为可靠和明显。     

检查Epstein-Barr病毒IgA/EA抗体的ELISA法

建立了检查鼻咽癌病人血清中IgA/EA抗体的、改进的ELISA法,用巴豆油,正丁酸钠和阿糖胞苷激活并处理HRIK细胞株,使之表达EA抗原,提取抗原时加蛋白酶抑制剂,以增加产量和稳定性;用鼠抗人IgA单克隆抗体和兔抗鼠IgG抗血清的三层夹心法。提高了敏感性,使阳性检出率达到97％,而免疫酶法的阳性率仅60％,所用抗体工作浓度的几何平均稀释度为免疫酶法的8倍,两法抗体滴度的分布呈平行关系,本法适用于大规模现场普查和鼻咽癌的早期诊断,具有快速、特异和敏感等优点。     

用单克隆抗体结合酶联免疫吸附试验检测云杉卷叶蛾幼虫体内的核多角体病毒

在ELISA间接法中,应用单克隆抗体检测感染云杉卷叶蛾核型多角体病毒(Choristoneura fumiferana nuclear polyhedrosis virus,CfNPV)的云杉卷叶蛾幼虫体内多角体蛋白和病毒粒子。三龄幼虫喂饲表层涂有CfNPV的人工饲料(2×10~5PIB/cm~2)后6小时,即可在幼虫抽提液中检出多角体蛋白抗原(每条幼虫含0.14μg)和病毒粒子抗原(每条幼虫含0.32μg),随后此两种抗原量逐渐增加,直至第5天。而用染色涂片镜检法,则在添食病毒后3天才可观察到有少量多角体,病虫的病症需5～6天后才出现。因此,本法是一种快速、特异和敏感的检测杆状病毒的方法,其敏感度为1ml含10ng提纯的病毒粒子或多角体蛋白都能被检测出来。     

用改进的ELISA法检测腺病毒抗原

用改进的ELISA法检测94份咽拭子标本中的腺病毒抗原,标本先接种人肾细胞,使病毒有一定程度的增殖,同时与传统的病毒分离作对比,结果表明,腺病毒分离阳性的18例,ELISA法检测全部阳性,76例分离阴性(盲传3代)者ELISA法也全都阴性,两者完全相符,ELISA法检测增殖24、48、72小时的细胞培养物腺病毒抗原的阳性率分别为16.7％,72.2％和83.3％,本法特异、可靠、判断客观、可用来检测腺病毒抗原。     

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A RAPID ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOFILTRATION ASSAY (ELIFA) AND AN ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (ELISA) FOR THE DETECTION OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXIN B

An enzyme-linked immunofiltration assay (ELIFA) and a microtitre plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were developed and compared for their ability to detect staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). The double antibody capture format was used for both assays. Factors which improved the sensitivity of the ELIFA system were (1) addition of casein and thimerosal to the antigen dilution buffer; (2) addition of polyethylene glycol (MW 6000) to the detection and conjugate antibody dilution buffers; and (3) washing with diethanolamine buffer prior to addition of the substrate/chromogen. The ELIFA system had a turnaround time of approximately 1 h and a detection limit of 1 ng/mL of purified SEB. The ELISA had a total turnaround time of 21 h, or 3 h using plates pre-coated overnight with the capture antibody. The detection limit of the ELISA for purified SEB was 0.05 ng/mL. The detection limit of SEB in cheese samples spiked with purified enterotoxin and subjected to a simple extraction procedure was 1 ng/mL and 0.1 ng/mL of extract, with the ELIFA and the ELISA, respectively.     

脱落酸的酶标免疫测定

使用国产辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)合成酶标记物,用竞争法进行了植物内源激素脱落酸(ABA)的酶标免疫测定研究。测定范围为0.0125ng—100ng,在此范围内logitB/B。与ABA浓度的对数之间呈较好的线性关系。检测的灵敏度达到5×10~(-14)克分子。比较了两种酶标记方法对于测定的影响,结果发现直接使ABA共价结合到HRP上形成ABA-HRP酶标记物比先将ABA与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)结合后,然后进一步再与HRP反应形成ABA—BSA—HRP复合物灵敏度高,非特异性吸附小,而且合成步骤较少。酶标记物的稀释度直接影响测定的灵敏度和浓度对数与logit B/B。之间的线性关系好坏;在以每毫升3—6微克免疫球蛋白包埋免疫吸附板进行测定时,用每毫升5微克酶标记物的浓度获得了最佳结果。     

抗人IgA多克隆抗体ELISA法的建立和应用

用马抗人IgA抗体ELISA法,结合血清预处理,检测鼻咽癌(NPC)患者,其他肿瘤病人和正常人血清中的IgA/EA抗体结果表明,95.1％NPC病人阳性(抗体几何平均滴度为294.1),而健康对照组仅2.4～4.5％,ELISA与免疫酶染色(IE)法测得的血清抗体滴度之间有一定的相关性。但前者比后者测得的几何平均滴度(GMT)高9倍,本法敏感、特异、快速、简便,适用于现场大规模普查。     

抗玉米素核苷的单克隆抗体制备及内源玉米素核苷的酶联免疫吸附测定

通过二次成功的细胞融合,共获得三株分泌抗玉米素核苷(ZR)单克隆抗体的稳定杂交瘤系F_2E_6、F_3G_6和F_1B_9。其中F_2E_6分泌的单抗属IgG_1、F_3G_6、F_1B_9分泌的单抗均属IgM。以F_2E_6、F_3G_6单抗为基础的ELISA对ZR的检测灵敏度为0.05pmol(—18pg),线性检测范围为0.05—50pmol。除玉米素(Z)外,F_2E_6、F_3G_6单抗与IPA、6-BA、KT和腺苷几种ZR类似物的交叉反应值都小于0.18％。用ELISA测定F_2E_6单抗与ZR反应的亲和常数为2.36±0.99×10~(-8)M。本文还报道了包埋抗原的ELISA在植物内源细胞分裂素测定中的应用,并用此方法测定了黄化玉米(Zea mays L.)幼苗中ZR的含量。     

PLASMA PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATIONS MEASURED USING AN ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY USEFUL FOR DIAGNOSING PREGNANCY IN HARBOR SEALS (PHOCA VITULINA)

Wild-caught female harbor seals ( Phoca vitulina ) were classified as sexually mature or immature on the basis of standard body length (< 125 cm immature, > 125 cm mature) and plasma progesterone concentrations measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a technique usable in the field. Sexually mature females were classified as pregnant or non-pregnant on the basis of their plasma progesterone concentrations. Of 28 wild mature female harbor seals caught in the Moray Firth, N.E. Scotland, between the end of February and the end of May, 79% had plasma progesterone concentrations greater than 60 nmol liter⁻¹, the lowest plasma progesterone concentration measured in one of eight females later observed with a pup, and were diagnosed as pregnant. A linear discriminant function, calculated to provide a method of distinguishing pregnant and non-pregnant females, predicted 100% of non-pregnant females and 95.8% of pregnant females using plasma progesterone concentration, standard length, and month of capture as parameters. Plasma progesterone concentrations were less than 30 nmol liter⁻¹ in all mature and immature males and immature females. In mature females plasma progesterone concentrations ranged from 0-318 nmol liter⁻¹.     

草鱼生长激素非竞争式酶联免疫吸附测定法的建立及鉴定

应用草鱼生长激素（ｇｃＧＨ）单克隆抗体及多价兔抗血清建立了草鱼ＧＨ非竞争式酶’联免疫吸附测定ＥＬＩＳＡ系统。用正辛酸法对腹水单抗进行了分离纯化,获得了高纯度的单抗制备物。聚丙烯酸胺凝胶电泳表明纯化的单抗由分子量分别为５５ｋＤ和２５ｋＤ的两条蛋白带组成。用纯化单抗铺底,用兔抗血清作后续抗体建立了一种测定草鱼ＧＨ的非竞争式双抗夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ方法。交叉试验表明该测定系统只与草鱼ＧＨ和基因重组鲤生长激素（ｒｃＧＨ）具有剂量依存的结合反应,而与大马哈鱼生长激素（ｓＧＨ）、牛生长激素（ｂＧＨ）、大马哈鱼促性腺激素（ｓＧｔＨ）、及黑鲢促性腺激素（ｂｓｃＧｔＨ）等均无交叉反应。该 ＥＬＩＳＡ方法的灵敏度可达０．８ｎｇ／ｍｌ,组内变异系数为 ５．９ ％,组间变异系数为７．６％,回收率达９０％以上。初步应用表明,鲤和团头鲂垂体抽提液、草鱼血清、鲤血清及鲫血清在该测定系统中有剂量依存的反应曲线,而大口鲶、黄颡鱼、中华鲟及黄鳝鱼垂体抽提液及大口鲶、胡子鲶和罗非鱼血清在该测定系统中没有交叉反应。     

应用鼠单抗显示鼠组织中特异性抗原的免疫细胞化学方法

作者在应用小鼠抗肾综合征出血热病毒(HFRSV)单克隆抗体(MAbs)免疫细胞化学法定位HFRSV自然感染大鼠组织中的病毒抗原时发现,部分大鼠组织的特异性HFRSV MAbs的染色切片及无关MAb对照和空白对照染色的切片中均出现血液。血细胞,血管壁,单核吞噬细胞系统,肾小球毛细血管及散在的心肌和肝细胞阳性,说明组织中有交叉反应。免疫双扩试验,羊抗鼠IgG桥抗可与大鼠Ig产生免疫沉淀反应,提示,组织中的交叉反应是由桥抗与大鼠细胞中本身存在的Ig(EIg)反应所致。为了避免EIg对特异性病毒抗原染色的干扰,我们以HFRSV MAbs预先分别与二抗羊抗鼠IgG结合,再用正常鼠Ig结合可能存在的二抗中尚未结合MAbs的Fab结合位点,制成一抗分子复合物,并以此作为一个新的相当于羊源性单克隆抗体孵育组织,以抗羊抗体连接羊PAP的多重PAP法显示一抗分子复合物的特异性抗原结合位点,结果显示该方法具有一抗的特异性,以有多重PAP法的敏感性,可有效的避免因EIg产生的交叉反应。用小鼠抗大鼠Kappa轻链MAb按同样方法制备一抗分子复合物用于染色证实,产生交叉阳性的部位确为大鼠组织中的Ig。病毒抗原及Ig的定位结果说明,HFRSV自然感染大鼠组织中的病毒抗原有广泛分布,也存在免疫复合物,但后者有别于HFRS人体组织的分布,另外,心肌及肝细胞Ig阳性说明该组织存在因HFRSV感染所造成的组织损伤,该损伤可能与机体的免疫反应有关。     

AN INDIRECT METHOD TO ASSAY FOR MITOTIC CENTERS IN SAND DOLLAR (DENDRASTER EXCENTRICUS) EGGS

It is possible consistently to induce sea urchin and sand dollar eggs to cleave directly from one cell into four cells. This is done by exposing the fertilized eggs to benzimidazole for 20 to 30 min beginning about early metaphase. The mitotic apparatus regresses, the cells do not cleave, and shortly after they are returned to normal sea water an early-prophase-appearing nucleus is present in each cell. Each cell then organizes a tetrapolar tetrahedral mitotic apparatus de novo, instead of transforming a bipolar mitotic apparatus into a tetrapolar figure, and cleaves one-to-four. In another type of experiment, it appears that sand dollar eggs exposed to mercaptoethanol during the first period of mitotic center duplication have only half as many centers by first cleavage metaphase as the normal controls. This is consistent with an earlier report by Mazia et al (1960). Using this same experimental technique, it was demonstrated that benzimidazole, on the contrary, does not interfere with mitotic center duplication in sand dollar eggs. A labeling experiment demonstrated that benzimidazole does not interfere markedly with the normal pattern of incorporation of C¹⁴-thymidine into the DNA of sea urchin eggs. The data reported here suggest that judicious treatment of sand dollar eggs (and probably sea urchin eggs, too) with benzimidazole can induce the eggs to cleave into as many cells as there were mitotic centers sometime earlier, for example at early metaphase of the first cleavage division. This provides a very useful tool for studies on the process of mitotic center duplication.