响应面法优化泰乐菌素发酵工艺的研究

以弗氏链霉菌(Streptomyces fradiae)为出发菌株,考察发酵工艺中摇瓶转速、接种量、发酵液初始pH,发酵温度4个因素对泰乐菌素含量的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,采用Box-Behnken响应面设计对各因素进行进一步优化,确定最终发酵条件为:摇瓶转速200r·min-1,接种量7.94%,发酵液初始pH 7.35,温度28.3℃,在此条件下发酵得到的泰乐菌素含量达到13 572μg·mL-1,比优化前提高了19.9%。     

粘性嗜热链球菌ST-1产胞外多糖发酵条件优化

应用响应面法对一株粘性嗜热链球菌ST-1的产胞外多糖的发酵条件进行了优化.根据单因素的实验结果,选取接种量,发酵温度,发酵时间作为考察因素,以胞外多糖的产量作为响应值,利用Box-Behnken实验设计方法,建立了胞外多糖产量与三个考察因素之间的回归方程并得到最佳发酵条件为:接种量5%,发酵时间14 h,发酵温度42℃...     

武威天梯山人参果果酒发酵工艺研究

以人参果为原料,研究酿制人参果果酒的最佳发酵工艺条件。通过单因素实验得到酿造人参果果酒最佳因素水平为:可溶性固形物含量20%,pH 4.0,温度23℃,SO2添加量80 mg/L,CaCl2添加量0.4 g/L。再运用主成分分析法对影响人参果果酒发酵的7个主要因素进行降维处理,并以人参果果酒酒精度作为主要评价指标,获得与人参果发酵关系最为密切的三个因素分别为:发酵温度、发酵时间、糖添加量。     

拟青霉A20140822发酵生产虫草素工艺的响应面优化研究

用响应面分析法研究优化拟青霉A20140822发酵虫草素工艺。通过单因素试验找出影响发酵虫草素得率的主要因素。并按照响应面分析方法设计试验方案,分析得出影响虫草素得率的主要因素的最佳参数。拟青霉在温度21℃、时间38 h、维生素B_1添加量0.08 g/L时,虫草素含量最高达到1.465 g/L。拟青霉A20140822发酵生产虫草素的量比已报道的拟青霉菌种高20%~50%,其发酵条件受温度、时间、维生素B1添加量等因素影响。     

响应面试验优化红枣乳酸发酵饮料工艺

为获得红枣乳酸发酵饮料的最佳工艺条件,以乳酸发酵饮料中的总酸含量为考察指标,在单因素试验的基础上,应用Box Behnken试验设计和响应面分析法对红枣乳酸发酵工艺进行优化,并对乳酸发酵前后的活性物质含量进行了比较。结果表明：各因素对红枣乳酸发酵饮料中总酸含量的影响大小依次为接种量、发酵温度、发酵时间,最佳工艺条件为发酵温度43℃、发酵时间24h、接种量10%,在此条件下,活性成分得到了很好地保留,制备得到的红枣乳酸发酵饮料中的总酸含量可达0.897g/100g,得到的回归模型对试验拟合较好。     

茴香酸产生菌发酵条件的优化

为提高微生物降解反式茴脑获得茴香酸的产量,对假单胞菌Pseudomonas sp.NT2的发酵参数进行优化,以提高降解过程的转化率。利用单因素试验考察碳氮源种类及浓度、反式茴脑添加量、发酵温度、接种量、初始pH以及装液量对茴香酸生成量、反式茴脑降解率的影响,通过Plackett-Burman试验和最陡爬坡试验确定影响茴香酸生成量的显著因素并获取中心点,最后采用Box-Behnken模型进行响应面优化得到最佳发酵条件并验证。结果表明氯化铵浓度、初始pH和装液量是显著影响因素,最佳发酵条件为:柠檬酸钠10 g/L,氯化铵1.26 g/L,反式茴脑添加量1%,发酵温度30℃,接种量4%,初始pH 7.9,装液量42 mL/250 mL。优化后茴香酸生成量为7.24 g/L,为优化前的3.5倍,茴香酸摩尔生成率为80.72%,反式茴脑降解率为89.81%,分别比优化前提高了270.28%和97.78%。综上,假单胞菌NT2是生物转化生产茴香酸的潜力菌株。响应面优化可以显著提高反式茴脑的降解率和茴香酸产量,这为大规模生产茴香酸奠定了基础。     

木薯生料发酵生产燃料乙醇的工艺优化

为了实现生料发酵更好的应用,考察料水比、发酵温度、氮源及接种量等因素对木薯生料发酵生产燃料乙醇的影响,并通过正交试验分析主要因素之间的相互作用。结果表明:木薯生料发酵产燃料乙醇的最佳条件为料水比1∶2.0,活性干酵母接种量0.15%(质量分数),发酵温度32℃,发酵周期120 h,尿素添加量0.20%(质量分数)。在最佳条件下,发酵得到的燃料乙醇的酒精度可达到15.12%(体积分数)。本实验为高效利用木薯生料发酵生产燃料乙醇的工业化生产提供了重要参数。     

三株植物促生木霉的固体发酵工艺优化

【背景】木霉是广泛分布于自然界中的一类真菌,能产生多种酶类和次生代谢产物,具有促进植物生长、提高土壤肥力、拮抗多种土传病原菌等作用。【目的】优化3株植物根际促生真菌(长枝木霉MD30、桔绿木霉JS84及贵州木霉NJAU4742)的固体发酵条件,探究不同发酵条件对木霉产孢量的影响,为木霉菌的生产提供参考。【方法】采用单因素试验和响应面法,对3种木霉在不同发酵条件下的产孢量进行测定并优化,分析了氮源添加、初始pH、物料厚度、接种量、温度等因子对固体发酵的影响。【结果】单因素试验表明,长枝木霉MD30、桔绿木霉JS84与贵州木霉NJAU4742固体发酵时,最佳发酵温度均为28℃、最优木霉菌液接种量均为10%、物料发酵厚度均为3.0 cm,但最佳的初始物料pH与氨基酸水解液添加量有所不同,其中,长枝木霉MD30与贵州木霉NJAU4742发酵最佳的初始pH值为5.0,而桔绿木霉JS84为3.0;长枝木霉MD30与贵州木霉NJAU4742发酵最佳的氨基酸水解液添加量为10%,而桔绿木霉JS84为5%。通过试验分析,确定初始pH、物料厚度、温度为影响产孢量的3个重要因素。响应面分析得到最佳发酵条件：...     

枯草芽孢杆菌突变株XLG-51产中温α-淀粉酶发酵条件优化

通过单因素实验和响应面分析对枯草芽孢杆菌XLG-51产中温α-淀粉酶的发酵产酶条件进行优化,实验结果表明:(1)种子最佳接种时间为对数后期(种龄20 h);(2)玉米粉和豆饼粉为发酵培养的最佳碳氮源;(3)通过对C/N(玉米粉:豆饼粉)、接种量和发酵液初始p H值这3个关键因素进行三因素三水平的响应面实验设计,优化得枯草芽孢杆菌XLG-51产中温α-淀粉酶的最优发酵条件为:C/N为3.76∶1,接种量为10.46%,初始发酵p H为6.54。经过三批次发酵实验验证,最优条件下产酶活性提高至6 897 U/m L,发酵周期缩短至66 h,生产强度达到104.5 U/(m L·h),较优化前提高27.3%。     

产脂肪酶黑曲霉摇瓶发酵条件优化研究北大核心CSCD

黑曲霉Aspergillus niger G62s是一株具有遗传稳定的高产脂肪酶菌株。针对于G62s摇瓶发酵条件进行统计学优化研究,以提高该菌株的产脂肪酶能力。首先,采用单因素方法对发酵接种量、摇瓶装量、培养温度、培养时间等因素进行考查,在此基础上进行4因素3水平的响应面分析(Response surface methodology,RSM)的统计学优化。得到的优化发酵条件是接种量1.9%,摇瓶装量56 m L(500 m L摇瓶),培养温度30 oC,培养时间75 h。在该优化条件下,脂肪酶活性达到(212 9±39.9)U/m L,相比初始的发酵条件提高16.7%。针对于影响G62s菌株产脂肪酶的4个发酵条件,在单因素实验的基础上通过RSM方法优化,显著提高了目标菌株脂肪酶产量。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.