Arthrospiribacter ruber gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from Arthrospira cultures

Polyphasic analysis of ten isolates of the red-pigmented bacteria isolated from ten Arthrospira cultures originating from different parts of the world is described. The 16S rRNA analysis showed <95 % identity with the known bacteria on public databases, therefore, additional analyses of fatty acids profiles, MALDI-TOF/MS, genome sequencing of the chosen isolate and following phylogenomic analyses were performed. Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic rods were positive for catalase, negative for oxidase, proteolytic and urease activity. Major fatty acids were 15 : 0 iso, 17:0 iso 3 OH and 17:1 iso w9c/16:0 10-methyl. The whole phylogenomic analyses revealed that the genomic sequence of newly isolated strain DPMB0001 was most closely related to members of Cyclobacteriaceae family and clearly indicated distinctiveness of newly isolated bacteria. The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA–DNA hybridisation values were calculated between representative of the novel strains DPMB0001 and its phylogenetically closest species, Indibacter alkaliphilus CCUG57479 (LW1)^T (ANI 69.2 % is DDH 17.2 %) and Mariniradius saccharolyticus AK6^T (ANI 80.02 % isDDH 26.1 %), and were significantly below the established cut-off <94 % (ANI) and <70 % (isDDH) for species and genus delineation.The obtained results showed that the analysed isolates represent novel genus and species, for which names Arthrospiribacter gen nov. and Arthrospiribacter ruber sp. nov. (type strain DPMB0001 = LMG 31078 = PCM 3008) is proposed.     

Lentilitoribacter donghaensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a slowly-growing alphaproteobacterium isolated from coastal seawater

A Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod- or short rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated BH-4^T, was isolated from coastal seawater in the East Sea, South Korea. Strain BH-4^T grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0–7.5 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain BH-4^T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value (96.5 %) to Hoeflea phototrophica NCIMB 14078^T. It exhibited 94.2–95.5, 94.7 and 93.8 % sequence similarity values to the type strains of the other Hoeflea species, Ahrensia kielensis and Pseudahrensia aquimaris, respectively. Neighbor-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees revealed that strain BH-4^T clustered with the type strains of A. kielensis and P. aquimaris. Strain BH-4^T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone as shown in the genera Ahrensia, Pseudahrensia and Hoeflea. The fatty acid and polar lipid profiles of strain BH-4^T were distinguished from those of members of the genera Ahrensia, Pseudahrensia and Hoeflea. The DNA G + C content was 49.3 mol%, lower than those of the type strains of P. aquimaris and Hoeflea species. The phylogenetic data, differential chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties revealed that strain BH-4^T constitutes a new genus and species within the Alphaproteobacteria, for which the name Lentilitoribacter donghaensis gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of Lentilitoribacter donghaensis is BH-4^T (=KCTC 32082^T = CCUG 62792^T).     

Thermohalobaculum xanthum gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic bacterium isolated from mangrove sediment

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - A novel moderately thermophilic and halophilic bacterium, designated strain M0105T, was isolated from mangrove sediment collected in the Beibu Gulf, south China. The...     

Fibrivirga algicola gen. nov., sp. nov., an algicidal bacterium isolated from a freshwater river

An aerobic, gram-stain-negative, pink-colored, non-motile and rod-shaped algicidal bacterium, designated as JA-25^T was isolated from freshwater in Geumgang River, Republic of Korea. Strain JA-25^T grew at 15–30 °C and pH 6–9, and did not require NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain JA-25^T belongs to the family ‘Spirosomaceae’ and is most closely related to Fibrella aestuarina BUZ 2^T (93.6%). Strain JA-25^T showed?<?90% sequence similarity to other members of the family ‘Spirosomaceae’. The average nucleotide identity(ANI), in silico DNA-DNA hybridization and average amino acid identity(AAI) values based on the genomic sequences of JA-25^T and F. aestuarina BUZ 2^T were 74.4, 20.5, and 73.6%, respectively. Strain JA-25^T showed an algicidal effect on the marine flagellate alga Heterocapsa triquetra, but no effect on fresh water cyanobacterium (Nostoc). In genome analysis, RIPP-like peptides were detected and predicted to resemble the indolmycin biosynthetic gene cluster, which possibly influence its algicidal effect. Furthermore, a bacteriorhodopsin gene with photoheterotrophic characteristics was detected. The genomic DNA G?+?C content was 52.5 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω6c/C16:1 ω7c), C16:1 ω5c, C16:0 (>?10%). The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 and major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, two phospholipids, and five unidentified lipids. Considering the phylogenetic inference, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic data, strain JA-25^T should be classified as a novel species in the novel genus Fibrivirga, with the proposed name Fibrivirga algicola sp. nov. The type strain is JA-25^T (=?KCCM 43334^T?=?NBRC 114259^T).

     

Pacificispira spongiicola gen. nov., sp. nov., a nitrate-reducing bacterium isolated from tropical western Pacific

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - The Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, curved-to-spiral rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated KN72T, was isolated from the Caroline Seamounts in the Pacific Ocean....     

Oceaniferula marina gen.nov., sp.nov., an anti-fluoroquinolone bacterium isolated from marine sediment

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-gliding and non-motile bacterium designated as N1E253T, was isolated from marine sediments collected from the coast of...     

Zymobacter palmae gen. nov., sp. nov., a new ethanol-fermenting peritrichous bacterium isolated from palm sap

Zymobacter palmae gen. nov., sp. nov. was proposed for a new ethanol-fermenting bacterium that was isolated from palm sap in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. The bacterium is gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, nonspore-forming and peritrichously flagellated. It requires nicotinic acid for growth. It ferments hexoses, -linked di- and tri-saccarides, and sugar alcohols (fructose, galactose, glucose, mannose, maltose, melibiose, saccharose, raffinose, mannitol and sorbitol). Fifteen percent of maltose in broth medium is effectively fermented, whereas glucose with a concentration higher than 10% delayed growth initiation and decreased growth rates. Maltose is fermented to produce ethanol and CO₂ with a trace amount of acids. Approximately 2 mol of ethanol are produced from 1 mol moiety of hexose of maltose. The organism possesses ubiquinone-9. The G+C content of the DNA is 55.8+-0.4 mol%. Major cellular fatty acids were palmitic and oleic acids and cyclopropanic acid of C_19:0. Characteristic hydroxylated acid was 3-hydroxy dodecanoic acid. The bacterium is distinct from other ethanol-fermenting bacteria belonging to the genera Zymomonas Kluyver and van Niel 1936 and Saccharobacter Yaping et al. 1990 with respect to chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic characters to warrant to compose a new genus and a new species. The type strain is strain T109 (= IAM 14233).Abbreviation IAM IAM Culture Collection, Institute of Applied Microbiology. The University of Tokyo     

Chimaereicella alkaliphila gen. nov., sp. nov., a Gram-negative alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from a nonsaline alkaline groundwater

A Gram-negative bacterium designated AC-74(T) was isolated from a highly alkaline groundwater environment (pH 11.4). This organism formed rod-shaped cells, is strictly aerobic, catalase and oxidase positive, tolerates up to 3.0% NaCl, has an optimum growth temperature of 30 degrees C, but no growth occurs at 10 or 40 degrees C, and an optimum pH value of 8.0, but no growth occurs at pH 7.0 or 11.3. The predominant fatty acids are iso-15:0, iso-17:1 omega9c and 16:1 omega7c and or iso-15:2OH. The G+C content of DNA was 43.5mol%. The phylogenetic analyses of the sequences of the 16s RNA genes indicated that strain AC-74(T) belongs to the family "Flexibacteriaceae" and is phylogenetically equidistant ( approximately 94.5%) from the majority of the species of the genus Algoriphagus and from the genus Hongiella. Based on the phylogenetic analyses and distinct phenotypic characteristics, we are of the opinion that strain AC-74(T), represents a new species of the novel genus for which we propose the name Chimaereicella alkaliphila gen. nov., sp. nov.     

Microcella putealis gen. nov., sp. nov., a gram-positive alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from a nonsaline alkaline groundwater

Three Gram-positive bacteria designated CV-2T, CV-40 and AC-30 were isolated from a highly alkaline groundwater environment (pH 11.4). These organisms formed very small rod-shaped cells, are aerobic, non-spore-forming, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, with an optimum growth temperature of 35 degrees C and optimum pH value of growth between 8.5 and 9.0. The strains possessed a novel B-type cell-wall peptidoglycan structure with lysine as the diamino acid; the major respiratory quinones were menaquinone 12 (MK12) and MK13. The G + C content of DNA was between 67.1 and 70.7 mol%. The phylogenetic analyses of the sequences of the 16S rRNA genes reveled that they formed a deep branch within the family Microbacteriaceae, with the highest similarity of approximately 95.6% with members of the genera Agreia, Agrococcus, Cryobacterium, Clavibacter, Frigoribacterium, Leifsonia, Mycetocola, Rhodoglobus, Salinibacterium and Subtercola. Based on the phylogenetic analyses and distinct phenotypic characteristics, we are of the opinion that strains CV-2T, CV-40 and AC-30, represent a new species of a novel genus within the family Microbacteriaceae for which we propose the name Microcella putealis gen. nov., sp. nov.     

Aliidiomarina haloalkalitolerans sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from coastal surface seawater

A novel Gram-negative, rod shaped, motile, non-sporing strictly aerobic bacterium, designated strain AK5^T, was isolated from a sea water sample collected near Visakhapatnam coast, Bay of Bengal, India. Colonies on marine agar were circular, 3–4 mm in diameter, creamish and rose with entire margin. Growth occurred at 10–40°C, 0.5–12% (w/v) NaCl and pH of 7–11. Strain AK5^T was oxidase and catalase positive. The fatty acids were dominated by iso-branched saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C_15:0, iso-C_17:0 and summed feature 9 (as defined by MIDI). Q8 was found to be the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and four unidentified phospholipids as polar lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain AK5^T was 54.7 ± 0.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain AK5^T was a member of the genus Aliidiomarina and closely related to Aliidiomarina taiwanensis with a phylogenetic distance of 5.3% (94.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and clustered with the same species. Results from the polyphasic taxonomy study support the conclusion that strain AK5^T represents a novel Aliidiomarina species, for which the name Aliidiomarina haloalkalitolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of A. haloalkalitolerans is AK5^T (= MTCC 11064^T = JCM 17359^T).     

Sinanaerobacter chloroacetimidivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., an obligate anaerobic bacterium isolated from anaerobic sludge

An obligate anaerobic bacterial strain (BAD-6^T) capable of degrading acetochlor and butachlor was isolated from an anaerobic acetochlor-degrading reactor. Cells were Gram-stain positive, straight to gently curved rods with flagella. The major fermentation products in peptone-yeast broth were acetate and butyrate. The optimum temperature and pH for growth was 30 °C and 7.2–7.5, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids (>?10%) were C_14:0 FAME, C_16:0 FAME and cyc-9,10-C_19:0 DMA. Genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 4.80 Mb, a G?+?C content of 43.6 mol% and 4741 protein-coding genes. The most closely related described species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences was Anaerovorax odorimutans NorPut^T in the order Clostridiales of the class Clostridia with sequence similarity of 94.9%. The nucleotide identity (ANI) value and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) between the genomes of strain BAD-6^T and Ana. odorimutans NorPut^T were 70.9% and 15.9%, respectively. Based on the distinct differences in phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics between strain BAD-6^T and related species, Sinanaerobacter chloroacetimidivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate the strain. Strain BAD-6^T is the type strain (=?CCTCC AB 2021092^T?=?KCTC 25290^T).

     

Geojedonia litorea gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from coastal seawater

A Gram-negative, non-flagellated, non-gliding and rod-shaped, coccoid or filamentous bacterial strain, designated YCS-16^T, was isolated from coastal seawater from a seaweed farm on the South Sea, South Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic study. Strain YCS-16^T was observed to grow optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–7.5 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain YCS-16^T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values to the type strains of Bizionia echini (96.1 %), Formosa spongicola (95.8 %), Bizionia algoritergicola (95.5 %) and Psychroserpens mesophilus (95.4 %). Neighbour-joining and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YCS-16^T joined the cluster comprising the type strains of Psychroserpens species. Strain YCS-16^T was found to contain MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C_17:0 3-OH, iso-C_15:1 G and iso-C_15:0 as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain YCS-16^T were phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain YCS-16^T was determined to be 35.7 mol%. The phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data and other phenotypic properties revealed that strain YCS-16^T constitutes a new genus and species within the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Geojedonia litorea gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Geojedonia litorea is YCS-16^T (=KCTC 32260^T = CCUG 63682^T).     

Fuscibacter oryzae gen. nov., sp. nov., a phosphate-solubilizing bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of rice plant

An ovoid to rod shaped, white to brown pigmented, facultative anaerobic, mesophilic, non-phototrophic, Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, multiply by binary fission designated strain KVB23^T, which was isolated from root of rice plant, near Ilsan, South Korea, was investigated for its taxonomic position by polyphasic approach. Optimal growth was found to occur at 30?C, at pH 6.5 and in the absence of NaCl on R2A. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KVB23^T revealed that it formed a distinct lineage, as a separate deep branch within the family Rhodobacteriaceae, with?<?96.5% sequence similarity to representatives of the genera Rhodobacter, Xinfangfangia, Tabrizicola, Falsirhodobacter, Haematobacter, Paenirhodobacter, Pseudorhodobacter and Pararhodobacter. Based in 16S rRNA sequences strain KVB23^T was most closely related to Tabrizicola fusiformis KCTC 62105 ^T (96.5%) and Rhodobacter thermarum KCTC 52712 ^T (96.2%). The draft genome of strain KVB23^T was 3.80 bp long with a DNA G?+?C content of 63.1%. Genome of strain KVB23^T harboured gene clusters for tryptophan and cobalamin biosynthesis. The strain contained Q-10 as the sole respiratory quinone. The predominant fatty acids were found to consist of C_16:0, C_18:0 and summed feature 8 (comprising C_18:1 ω7c and / or C_18:1 ω6). The polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, seven unidentified phosphoglycolipids, two unidentified aminophosphoglycolipid, one unidentified glycolipid and four unidentified lipids. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria have the ability to dissolve insoluble phosphates and enhance the soil fertility. Strain KVB23^T can solubilize calcium phosphate tribasic. Phosphate solubilizing and tryptophan biosynthesis property of strain KVB23^T could be a possible factor for the increase in growth of rice plant. Differential phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that strain KVB23^T was found to represent a novel genus in the Rhodobacteriaceae family, for which the name Fuscibacter oryzae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain KVB23^T(=?KACC 21711 ^T?=?NBRC 114716 ^T).

     

Luteimonas dalianensis sp. nov., an obligate marine bacterium isolated from seawater

A marine bacterial strain, designated OB44-3^T, was isolated from a crude oil-contaminated seawater sample collected near Dalian Bay, China. Cells of strain OB44-3^T were Gramnegative, aerobic, rod-shaped, and oxidase- and catalasepositive. The major fatty acids were branched-chain saturated iso-C_15:0 (27.9%) and unsaturated iso-C_17:1 ω9c (14.8%). The DNA G+C content was 64.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain OB44-3^T was a member of the genus Luteimonas (95–96% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity); its closest neighbors were the type strains of Luteimonas terricola (96% sequence similarity), Luteimonas mephitis (96%), and Luteimonas lutimaris (96%). On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain OB44-3^T was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Luteimonas. The name Luteimonas dalianensis sp. nov. is proposed, with strain OB44-3^T (=CGMCC 1.12191^T =JCM 18136^T) as the type strain.     

Bacterioplanes sanyensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a PHB-accumulating bacterium isolated from a pool of Spirulina platensis cultivation

A Gram-negative, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-accumulating rod bacterium, strain GYP-2^T, was isolated from a pool of marine Spirulina platensis cultivation, Sanya, China. Growth was observed at 10–45 °C and pH 6–10 in the presence of 1–10 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate belonged to Gammaproteobacteria and displayed 93.8–95.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequences similarities to members of the genera Thalassolituus, Oleibacter, and Oceanobacter, but house-keeping gene gyrB (encode DNA gyrase beta subunit) demonstrated that the new isolate was distantly related to Thalassolituus, Oleibacter, and Oceanobacter species (only 77–83 % gene gyrB sequences similarities).The G+C content of genomic DNA was 55 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was Q-9, while that for Oceanobacter kriegii LMG 6238^T was Q-8. Major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. On the basis of its physiological, chemotaxonomic, and molecular properties, strain GYP-2^T is suggested to represent a novel species of a new genus in Gammaproteobacteria, for which the name Bacterioplanes sanyensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GYP-2^T (=CGMCC 1.12392^T=KCTC 32220^T).