香港次生林下植物菌根的调查

本文报道了香港６４种野生植物根系天然感染菌根菌的状况：９８．４％的植物都不同程度地感染上了菌根菌,９８．１％的根样发现受内生菌根（ＶＡＭ）的感染,其中小叶青冈（Ｑｕｅｒｃｕｓｍｙｒｓｉｎａｅｆｏｌｉａ）同时受外生菌根（ＥＣＭ）和内生菌根的感染。该研究揭示了香港次生林植物在自然条件下受菌根菌感染的普遍性,为进一步探讨华南地区菌根与退化地区植物群落演替的关系提供了重要的本底资料。     

香港新记载的三种蕨类植物

香港新记载的三种蕨类植物苏美灵（香港浸会学院生物系，香港九龙窝打老道２２４号）ＮＥＷＲＥＣＯＲＤＳＯＦＦＥＲＮＳＩＮＨＯＮＧＫＯＮＧ￥ＳＵＭｅｉ－Ｌｉｎｇ（Ｍ．Ｌ．Ｓｏ）（ＢｉｏｌｏｇｙＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ，ＨｏｎｇＫｏｎｇＢａｐｔｉｓｔＣｏｌｌｅｇ...     

中国猕猴类的蛋白多态性及其遗传分化关系

采用蛋白电泳分析技术研究了来源于我国和越南的猕猴属（Ｇｅｎ ｕｓＭａｃａｃａ）５个种（Ｍ．ｍｕｌａｔｔａ、Ｍ．ａｒｃｔｏｉｄｅｓ、Ｍ．ａｓｓａｍｅｎｓｉｓ、Ｍ．ｔｈｉｂｅｔａｎａ、Ｍ．ｆａｓｃｉｃｕｌａｒｉｓ）的蛋白多态性及其遗传分化关系。共分传座位３０个。在分析的１９只恒河猴中,３０个遗传座有位９个座位表现出多态性,多态座位百分比Ｐ＝０．３,平均等位基因数Ａ＝１．４,平均杂合度Ｈ＝０．０１０４５     

NEW SPECIES OF GENUS MANSONIELLA POPPIUS FROM CHINA (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE: BRYOCORINAE)

本文记述了曼盲蝽属ＭａｎｓｏｎｉｅｌａＰｏｐｐｉｕｓ,１９１５的７个新种：环曼盲蝽Ｍ．ａｎｎｕｌａｔａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;脊曼盲蝽Ｍ．ｃｒｉｓｔａｔａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;狭长曼盲蝽Ｍ．ｅｌｏｎｇａｔａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;黄翅曼盲蝽Ｍ．ｆｌａｖａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;胡桃曼盲蝽Ｍ．ｊｕｇｌａｎｄｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;瑰环曼盲蝽Ｍ．ｒｏｓａｃｅａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;赤环曼盲蝽Ｍ．ｒｕｂｉｄａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。提出３个新组合：Ｍ．ｃｉｎｎａｍｏｍｉ（ＺｈｅｎｇｅｔＬｉｕ,１９９２）,ｃｏｍｂ．ｎｏｖ．;Ｍ．ｓａｓａｆｒｉ（ＺｈｅｎｇｅｔＬｉｕ,１９９２）,ｃｏｍｂ．ｎｏｖ．;Ｍ．ｗａｎｇｉ（ＺｈｅｎｇｅｔＬｉ,１９９２）,ｃｏｍｂ．ｎｏｖ．,均由ＰａｃｈｙｐｅｌｔｉｓＳｉｇｎｏｒｅｔ属移入本属,模式标本存放于南开大学生物系昆虫标本室     

薇甘菊(Mikania micrantha H.B.K.)的形态、分类与生态资料补记

作者对外来杂草薇甘菊在我国的出现曾作过简单的报道［１］。现进一步对它的形态特征、分类鉴定和生态特性作较详细的介绍,以期能为研究薇甘菊防治和可能的利用提供基本资料。 薇甘菊是菊科假泽兰属（Ｍｉｋａｎｉａ）植物。此属全世界约４３０种,主产热带美洲,我国原产的仅有假泽兰（Ｍｉｋａｎｉａ ｃｏｒｄａｔａ（Ｂｕｒｍ． ｆ．） Ｂ． Ｌ． Ｒｏｂｉｎｓｏｎ） １种。薇甘菊原产中、南美洲。作为外来杂草,早在１９１９年便已在香港出现（据香港特别行政区渔农自然护理署标本室标本记录）;１９８４年在我国大陆深圳已采到它的标…     

小煤炱属新种和国内新记录种I.

报道了中国小煤炱属ＭｅｌｏｌａＦｒ．ｅｍｅｎｄ．Ｂｒｏｎｅｔ１个新种和１７个国内新记录种,新种是蕈树小煤炱ＭｅｌｉｏｌａａｌｔｉｎｇｉａｅＢ．Ｓｏｎｇｅｔ．Ｙ．Ｘ．Ｈｕｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．全部标本存矿在广东省微生物研究所（ＧＤＩＭ）。     

猕猴属6个种的rDNA变异及其系统进化关系

以人２８Ｓ,１８Ｓ,ｒＤＮＡ为探针,用１５种限制性内切酶构建了猕猴属６个种（Ｍ．ｍｕｌａｔｔａ,Ｍ．ｆａｃｓｉｃｕｌａｒｉｓｆＭ．ａｒｃｔｏｉｄｅｓ,Ｍ．ａｓｓａｍｅｎｓｉｓ．Ｍ．ｔｈｉｂｅｔａｎａ．Ｍ。ｎｅｍｅｓｔｒｉｎａ）和滇金丝猴Ｒｈｉｎｏｐｉｔｈｅｃｕｓｂｉｅｔｉ）,白颊长臂猿（Ｈｙｌｏｂａｔｅｓｌｅｕｃｏｇｅｎｙｓ）核糖体ＤＮＡ重复单位的限制性内切酶图谱,红面猴（Ｍ．ａｒｃｔｏｉｅｓ）与     

藏酋猴的分类与分布

本文基于外部形态,毛色,头骨特征和地理分布对藏酋猴进行了分类整理,认为藏酋猴在不同地理区域之间的差异已达到了亚种水平,可分为４个亚种（包括两新亚种）：Ｍ．ｔｈｉｂｅｔａｎａｔｈｉｂｅｔｎａ,Ｍ．ｔｈｉｂｅｔａｎａｐｕｌｌｕｓ．Ｍ．ｔｈｉｂｅｔａｎａｈｕａｎｇｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｕｂｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和Ｍ．ｔｈｉｂｅｔａｎａｇｕｉｚｈｏｕｅｎｓｉｓｓｕｂｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。     

吉林李家窑范家屯组中的二叠纪北温带牙形刺动物群

在吉林省九台市三台乡李家窑附近的二叠系范家屯组中采到一特殊的牙形刺动物群。多数牙形刺都较小,锯齿发育,齿脊细齿不愈合。由一些未见报道的新分子组成。本文描述了４个新种（Ｍｅｓｏｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａ ｃｈａｎｇｃｕｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｍ．ｊｉｌｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｍ．ｍｕｌｔｉｓｅｒｒａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｍ．ｐｓｅｕｄｏａｌｔｕｄａｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）和３个未命名新种     

中脉叶蜂族系统分类研究(膜翅目:叶蜂科)

本文系统厘订了中国中脉叶蜂族叶蜂,记述了１个新记录属种和２个新种：斑角狭脉叶蜂Ｍｅｇａｄｉｎｅｕｒａ ｇｒａｎｄｉｓ Ａｎｄｒｅ中国新纪录属种,黑背樟叶蜂Ｍｏｒｉｃｅｌｌａ ｎｉｇｒｉｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．新种,中华中脉叶蜂Ｍｅｓｏｎｅｕｒａ ｓｉｎｉｃａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．新种。恢复樟叶蜂属Ｍｏｒｉｃｅｌｌａ Ｒｏｈｗｅｒ的有效属地位,该属与近缘的Ｍｅｓｏｎｅｕｒａ属在上颚、触角、复眼、淡膜区、爪、翅     

国产樟科楠属五种植物之分类修订

根据分子系统学研究结果,楠属（Phoebe）中以其宿存的花被片在果时松散、先端外倾,果实球形为特征的物种,即山楠Phoebe chinensis Chun,小花楠P．minutiflora H．W．Li,竹叶楠P．faberi（Hemsl．）Chun,小叶楠Pmicrophylla H．W．Li以及长毛楠P．forrestiiW．W．Smith均应归入润楠属（Machilus）,其中原先作为润楠属物种发表的竹叶润楠Machilus faberi Hemsl．应予采用,但山楠一种其种加词发表时已是晚出同名,另起新名为Machilus montana L．Li,J．Li＆H．W．Li,nom．nov,而余下三种作为新组合在此发表,即：M.minutiflora（H．W．Li）L．Li,J．Li＆H．W．Li,comb．nov．;M．microphylla（H．W．Li）L．Li．J．Li＆H.W．Li,comb．nov．及Mforrestii（W．W．Smith）L．Li,J．Li＆H_W．Li,comb．nov．。     

浙江省红楠生境地群落数量分类和环境解析

为探讨群落结构与环境因子对红楠Machilus thunbergii在浙江省分布及发展的影响,采用双向指示种分类(TWINSPAN)、典范对应分析(CCA)并结合种间联结分析,对浙江省172个红楠生境地群落进行数量分类排序与环境解析。结果表明:(1)TWINSPAN将172个样地群落分成8个群落类型,红楠在群落中为优势种或主要伴生种。群落类型的不同是影响红楠生长及更新的重要原因。(2)海拔高度及坡度是决定红楠分布及发展的主导环境因子。红楠作为优势种的生境地主要特征为海拔900m以下、坡度35°以下。(3)甜槠(Castanopsis eyrei)、青冈(Cyclobalanopsis glauca)、木荷(Schima superba)为群落中的稳定优势种,种间联结结果显示与红楠均为显著正关联。     

中国樟科润楠属植物一些种类修订

对中国樟科润楠属植物一些种进行了分类修订。随着研究工作的深入 ,发现过去发表的一些新种不能成立 ,应予合并 ,即嘉道理楠 =信宜润楠 ;长序润楠 =浙江润楠 ;密脉润楠 =刨花润楠 ;芳槁润楠 =黄心树 ;荔波润楠 =粉叶润楠。     

Taxonomic Revision of Five Species of the Genus Phoebe (Lauraceae) from China

On the basis of molecular phylogenetic analyses of the Persea group (Lauraceae) using the sequences of ITS and LEAFY intron II, the species Phoebe chinensis Chun, P.minutiflora H. W. Li, P.faberi (Hemsl.) Chun, P.microphylla H. W. Li and P.forrestii W. W. Smith, which are characterised by the persistent perianth lobes loosely clasping the base of fruit, apex extrorse, as well as globose fruit, were transferred into the genus Machilis. Accordingly, a new name Machilus montana L. Li, J. Li & H. W. Li, as well as three new combinations M.minutiflora (H. W. Li) L. Li, J. Li & H. W. Li, M.microphylla (H. W. Li) L. Li, J. Li & H. W. Li and M.forrestii (W. W. Smith) L. Li, J. Li & H. W. Li were reported here.     

润楠属广布种和狭域种幼苗生理生态特征

润楠属植物属于基部被子植物类群,大部分物种局限分布于热带亚热带森林的潮湿生境,但也有些物种分布范围较广。本研究以润楠属11个物种的幼苗为材料,测定了一系列植物叶片水力学性状和解剖结构,包括:比叶重、叶片密度、气孔密度、叶脉密度、膨压丧失点水势、栅栏组织和海绵组织厚度等。结果表明:与其它分布在热带亚热带地区的被子植物相比,润楠属植物的叶脉密度较低,推测叶脉密度受强烈的进化限制;该属植物叶脉密度与气孔密度、栅栏和海绵组织的比值呈显著的正相关,表明该属植物能够维持叶片水平的水分供需平衡;广布种比狭域种具有更低的叶片膨压丧失点和更高的叶片密度,耐旱能力更强,但是比叶重差异不显著;叶片的膨压丧失点与物种的最大树高呈反比,即更高的物种叶片耐失水能力更强,说明植物叶片耐旱性与植物本身的遗传特性有关。本研究结果显示,叶片水力学性状可以较好地用于解释润楠属植物的地理分布。     

Divergent evolution of the chloroplast small heat shock protein gene in the genera Rhododendron (Ericaceae) and Machilus (Lauraceae)

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Evolutionary and ecological roles of the chloroplast small heat shock protein (CPsHSP) have been emphasized based on variations in protein contents; however, DNA sequence variations related to the evolutionary and ecological roles of this gene have not been investigated. In the present study, a basal angiosperm, Machilus, together with the eudicot Rhododendron were used to illustrate the evolutionary dynamics of gene divergence in CPsHSPs. METHODS: Degenerate primers were used to amplify CPsHSP-related sequences from 16 Rhododendron and eight Machilus species that occur in Taiwan. Manual DNA sequence alignment was carried out according to the deduced amino acid sequence alignment performed by CLUSTAL X. A neighbour-joining tree was generated in MEGA using conceptual translated amino acid sequences from consensus sequences of cloned CPsHSP genes from eight Machilus and 16 Rhododendron species as well as amino acid sequences of CPsHSPs from five monocots and seven other eudicots acquired from GenBank. CPsHSP amino acid sequences of Funaria hygrometrica were used as the outgroups. The aligned DNA and amino acid sequences were used to estimate several parameters of sequence divergence using the MEGA program. Separate Bayesian inference of DNA sequences of Rhododendron and Machilus species was analysed and the resulting gene trees were used for detection of putative positively selected amino acid sites by the Codeml program implemented in the PAML package. Mean hydrophobicity profile analysis was performed with representative amino acid sequences for both Rhododendron and Machilus species by the Bioedit program. The computer program SplitTester was used to examine whether CPsHSPs of Rhododendron lineages and duplicate copies of the Machilus CPsHSPs have evolved functional divergence based on the hydrophobicity distance matrix. KEY RESULTS: Only one copy of the CPsHSP was found in Rhododendron. However, a higher evolutionary rate of amino acid substitutions in the Hymenanthes lineage of Rhododendron was inferred. Two positively selected amino acid sites may have resulted in higher hydrophobicity in the region of the alpha-crystallin domain (ACD) of the CPsHSP. By contrast, the basal angiosperm, Machilus, possessed duplicate copies of the CPsHSP, which also differed in their evolutionary rates of amino acid substitutions. However, no apparent relationship of ecological relevance toward the positively selected amino acid sites was found in Machilus. CONCLUSIONS: Divergent evolution was found for both Rhododendron lineages and the paralogues of CPsHSP in Machilus that were directed to the shift in hydrophobicity in the ACD and/or methionine-rich region, which might have played important roles in molecular chaperone activity.     

樟科润楠属植物ITS 序列贝叶斯分析及其系统学意义

应用nrDNA Internal Transcribed Spacer ( ITS) 序列, 使用Bayesian 分析法对樟科润楠属的系统学问题进行了初步探讨, 结果表明润楠属在鳄梨属群中本身作为一独立分支, 是一个自然的单系类群; 由于其花被裂片果期宿存且强烈反转与同产自亚洲的楠属和油丹属存在清晰界线。本研究否定了前人依据花被片外面被毛情况及果实大小所建立的润楠属属下系统, 但同时暗示着花序类型可能是解决润楠属下系统演化的关键性状。本研究对解决润楠属属内种间的系统演化关系尚有不足, 建议今后补充更多的属内物种以及寻找新的分子标记进行更深入的研究。     

广西植物区系新资料

经室内鉴定,共发现广西维管植物分布新记录12种1变种,即滇越水龙骨、云南穗花杉、安顺润楠、三开瓢、毛花松下兰、秀丽兔儿风、杯药草、长梗吊石苣苔、三苞蛛毛苣苔、唇萼苣苔、流苏蜘蛛抱蛋、宽叶线柱兰、长距美冠兰,其中杯药草属和唇萼苣苔属为广西分布新记录属,云南穗花杉为国家一级重点保护植物。列出了每个种的标本引证和地理分布。     

模拟酸雨对刨花楠幼苗生长和光合生理的影响

研究了模拟酸雨对亚热带典型用材树种和经济树种刨花楠(Machilus pauhoi)幼苗生长和光合生理的影响,以期为浙江省引种刨花楠提供科学依据.结果表明,pH4.0的模拟酸雨对刨花楠株高、地径和叶绿素含量无明显影响,而pH2.5的模拟酸雨使株高显著降低;pH为4.0的模拟酸雨对刨花楠的光合参数无显著影响,而pH为2.5的酸雨处理则能明显提高刨花楠的胞间CO2浓度、暗呼吸速率以及光补偿点、增加气孔导度和蒸腾速率,显著降低最大净光合速率;相关分析和回归分析表明,酸雨增加了刨花楠对环境的敏感性.     

江苏省维管植物分布新记录(三)

结合《江苏植物志》(增订版)的修订,作者对江苏境内植物做了补充调查并发现了一些江苏省分布新记录。续前文[1-2],本文报道了分布于宜溧山地的部分江苏新记录属和新记录种,共计有10种1亚种1变种,隶属10个科11个属,其中有新记录属1个。另外,从植物资源利用、植物区系及分布范围等方面对部分种类进行了简要分析。凭证标本均保存于江苏省.中国科学院植物研究所标本馆(NAS)。