不结球白菜细胞质雄性不育相关基因的克隆及表达

从不结球白菜CMS新种质中分离得到的一个cDNA-AFLP差异片段,采用RT-PCR和RACE技术成功克隆了一个α-微管基因的cDNA全长序列,命名为TUBA2(DDBJ登录号为AB445012)。序列分析结果表明,该基因全长1 709 bp,最大开放阅读框为1 353 bp,编码450个氨基酸序列,与已公布的α-微管基因有较高的同源性。系统进化树分析发现,该基因在不同植物间具有高度保守性。Southern杂交表明TUBA2属于不结球白菜多基因家族的一个单一克隆基因。实时定量RT-PCR检测表明,该基因在不育系中的表达量显著低于保持系,同时在不同组织和细胞减数分裂不同时期该基因的表达量也存在明显差异。     

Molecular cloning and characterization of ascorbate oxidase gene in non-heading Chinese cabbage

The cDNA clone of ascorbate oxidase gene was isolated from non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino, cv. Suzhouqing) and characterized. Sequence analysis showed that there was a high similarity between this sequence (named BcAO) and its homologues in other plant species. Southern blotting indicated that more than one nuclear gene encoded this enzyme in non-heading Chinese cabbage. The mRNA level of the BcAO gene in leaves was monitored by real-time PCR at different developmental stages and under different stress conditions. Results showed that the expression of BcAO was upregulated by light, and the BcAO gene responded to copper stress as well. After inoculation with Alternaria brassicae, the expression of BcAO in the leaves was increased in general and peaked at 12 and 72 h post inoculation, with much higher expression at the later date. Cloning the BcAO gene will enable us to further understand its function and would provide useful information for resistance breeding program for non-heading Chinese cabbage.     

不结球白菜BcLRK01基因对芜菁花叶病毒及胁迫诱导的响应

通过cDNA-AFLP技术,从芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV)侵染的不结球白菜幼叶中分离到一条差异表达的基因片段,克隆获得其cDNA全长为2 124bp,编码707个氨基酸的富亮氨酸重复类受体激酶,命名为BcLRK01。利用实时定量PCR研究了该基因在TuMV侵染及高盐、冷胁迫、水杨酸(SA)、茉莉酸(JA)、乙烯(ET)等处理下的表达情况,结果显示,TuMV侵染、高盐、冷胁迫、SA、JA和ET等均能诱导BcLRK01不同程度的表达,说明该基因可能是不结球白菜病毒病的病程相关基因,同时也参与高盐和冷胁迫以及SA、JA、ET等的信号途径。     

四倍体不结球白菜的诱导及染色体倍性鉴定

用不同浓度秋水仙素处理子叶期不结球白菜生长点对其进行染色体倍性操作,根据形态解剖学、细胞学特征和流式细胞仪进行倍性鉴定.结果表明,浓度为0.2%的秋水仙素处理4次的效果最好,四倍体诱变率为8.42%.与二倍体相比,四倍体植株叶片、花器官、气孔等均表现巨大性;气孔密度和结实率降低;抽薹较晚.用流式细胞仪进行倍性鉴定,对照DNA相对含量为100,疑似株为200,表明是四倍体;疑似株有2个值与对照的比值约为1和2,表明是嵌合体(2x 4x).流式细胞仪鉴定结果与染色体计数法鉴定结果一致,表明流式细胞仪可以较准确地检测不结球白菜突变株倍性.     

不同形态微生物菌剂对不结球白菜生长和品质的影响

合理施用微生物菌剂可显著改善蔬菜土壤环境,增加产量,提升品质。本试验以不结球白菜为供试材料,在设施条件下设置不施微生物菌、施用液态和固态微生物菌剂处理,研究不同形态微生物菌剂对不结球白菜生长和品质的影响。结果表明: 施用液态和固态微生物菌剂均能显著提高土壤脲酶活性,增加植株全氮含量,增大叶面积,显著提升叶片SPAD值,提高叶片净光合速率,产量比不施微生物菌剂处理分别增加26.9%和34.4%。同时,施用微生物菌剂可提高不结球白菜的总酚和抗坏血酸含量,显著降低硝酸盐含量。可见,合理施用微生物菌剂可促进不结球白菜产量的提升和品质的改善。不同形态微生物菌剂中,液态微生物菌剂时效快,固态微生物菌剂长效性好,可根据土壤肥力情况酌情配施有机肥或无机肥以促进蔬菜的优质高产。     

不结球白菜抗根肿病渐渗系的分子辅助选育

该研究基于与大白菜抗根肿病连锁的分子标记,设计特异引物,获得简便实用的SCAR标记,并用于分子标记辅助选择,创制不结球白菜抗根肿病新材料。结果发现,在设计的8对特异引物中,有1对特异引物在抗、感亲本间表现出多态性。F2群体验证发现,该标记与已有SSR标记及根肿病抗性共分离,能够用于抗根肿病鉴定,定名为CRb-R-25。通过亚种间杂交并回交,利用标记CRb-R-25辅助选择将大白菜根肿病抗性转入不结球白菜中,获得抗根肿病不结球白菜渐渗系材料TQ14-1-15。     

Chloroplast elongation factor BcEF-Tu responds to turnip mosaic virus infection and heat stress in non-heading Chinese cabbage

Eukaryotic elongation factor Tu has been implicated in responses to heat stress and viral infection. In this study, the turnip mosaic virus (TuMV)-response gene BcLRK01, which encodes a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase, was probed using the cDNA library of TuMV-infected leaves of non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis). The BcEF-Tu gene, which encodes chloroplast elongation factor Tu, was obtained and verified by a yeast two-hybrid system to interact with the BcLRK01 gene. TuMV infection depressed the expression of this gene, whereas a heat stress induced its expression. Overexpression of BcEF-Tu enhanced the viability of Escherichia coli transformants under the heat stress. These results demonstrate that elongation factor BcEF-Tu responded to the TuMV infection and heat stress. This is the first report on chloroplast EF-Tu in non-heading Chinese cabbage which provides a theoretical basis for the functional research of EF-Tu.     

A cDNA Clone of BcHSP81-4 from the Sterility Line (Pol CMS) of Non-heading Chinese Cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis)

BcHSP81-4 gene, a member of heat shock proteins, was identified from a suppression subtractive hybridization cDNA library in non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino). The deduced amino acid sequence of the BcHSP81-4 cDNA revealed that it has high homology to other plant organelle isoforms and similar homology to both cytoplasmic and prokaryotic HSP90s. To study the regulation of gene expression, BcHSP81-4 genes in maintainer and sterility lines were monitored at different development stages and at different stress treatments. Real-time PCR was used for quantification of BcHSP81-4 mRNA. These results indicate that BcHSP81-4 is not responsive to heat shock at least at 35°C, while it is very responsive to salt and cold stress. And high expression of BcHSP81-4 in the bud of sterile line suggests that it may play prominent roles in sterility of pol CMS in non-heading Chinese cabbage.     

不结球白菜PR4蛋白基因的克隆与诱导表达分析

从不结球白菜抗病品种‘苏州青’中克隆到一个受SA和病原菌诱导的病程相关蛋白4(PR4)基因,命名为BcPR4(DDBJ登录号:AB325873),该基因核苷酸序列全长593 bp,编码140个氨基酸,与其它植物的PR4蛋白基因具有较高的相似性。系统进化树分析表明,该基因在不同物种之间具有保守性。基因组DNA杂交表明BcPR4属于多基因家族。实时定量PCR(qPCR)检测表明,SA和Peronospora parasitica均能诱导不结球白菜BcPR4转录表达,BcPR4在不结球白菜叶片中的表达特征说明它可能参与寄主对病原菌的抗性。     

Molecular cloning and characterization of a PR-5 like protein gene from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica campestris</Emphasis> ssp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">chinensis</Emphasis>

Downy mildew caused by Hyaloperonospora parasitica is a serious fungal disease in non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino). Pathogenesis-related 5 (PR-5) genes play an important role in plant resistance to disease invasion. In this study, a gene encoding pathogenesis-related 5-like (PR-5L) protein, named BcPR-5L, was successfully cloned from non-heading Chinese cabbage. The cDNA sequence of BcPR-5L was 747 bp in length. It encoded a protein of molecular mass of 25.78 kDa, an isoelectric point of 4.42, and containing 248 amino acids. Multiple sequence alignment indicated that BcPR-5L protein was highly homologous to other PR-5L proteins identified in 13 different species, with the highest homology to Brassica rapa. We analyzed the subcellular localization of BcPR-5L protein by using onion epidermal cells and found that it was localized in the membrane. Real time quantitative PCR analyses revealed that the expression of BcPR-5L gene was significantly upregulated after H. parasitica infection, and the expression in the resistant cultivar was higher than that in the susceptible cultivar. In summary, our data suggest that BcPR-5L gene may play an important role in the resistance of non-heading Chinese cabbage to H. parasitica infection.     

白菜自交不亲和性的荧光测定

通过亲和指数法及荧光显微观察对白菜的自交不亲和性进行了测定。结果表明,白菜自交不亲和的反应部位在柱头,自花授粉后柱头表面产生明显的胼胝质反应。两种观测法的结果相吻合,荧光显微镜观察法准确、方便,可应用于白菜自交不亲和系的育种实践。     

不结球白菜雄性不育系及其保持系花药发育的细胞学观察

以不结球白菜（Brassica campestris ssp．chinensis Makino）雄性不育系及其保持系为试验材料,选择不同发育阶段的花蕾,取其花药,制成石蜡切片和超薄切片,经染色后在电子显微镜下观察。结果表明,不结球白菜雄性不育系与保持系的花药发育有明显的不同：不育系花药发育受阻于花粉母细胞分化期,形成1～3个药室,并形成正常的四分体小孢子,此时细胞组织逐步解体,形成空腔花药;最后向内皱缩;保持系花粉母细胞能形成正常的四分体,进而形成小孢子,最终形成充满正常花粉粒的花药。     

BcPMI2, isolated from non-heading Chinese cabbage encoding phosphomannose isomerase,improves stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco

Phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) is an enzyme that catalyses the first step of the l-galactose pathway for ascorbic acid (AsA) biosynthesis in plants. To clarify the physiological roles of PMI in AsA biosynthesis, the cDNA sequence of PMI was cloned from non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino) and overexpressed in tobacco transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The AsA and soluble sugar contents were lower in 35S::BcPMI2 tobacco than in wild-type tobacco. However, the AsA level in BcPMI2-overexpressing plants under stress was significantly increased. The T₁ seed germination rate of transgenic plants was higher than that of wild-type plants under NaCl or H₂O₂ treatment. Meanwhile, transgenic plants showed higher tolerance than wild-type plants. This finding implied that BcPMI2 overexpression improved AsA biosynthetic capability and accumulation, and evidently enhanced tolerance to oxidative and salt stress, although the AsA level was lower in transgenic tobacco than in wild-type tobacco under normal condition.     

Karyotype of mitotic metaphase and meiotic diakinesis in non-heading Chinese cabbage

Non-heading Chinese cabbage [Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt] is one of the most popular leafy vegetables. Despite the economic importance of non-heading Chinese cabbage, little attention has been given to its cytogenetic profile. This study reveals the karyotype of non-heading Chinese cabbage. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 45S and 5S rDNA probes was performed on mitotic metaphase complementary regions. We located 45S rDNA on the centromeric or adjacent region of chromosomes A1 and A2, with the largest on the satellite of chromosome A5. Meanwhile, 5S rDNA co-localized with 45S rDNA on chromosomes A2 and A5, and on the telomeric region of chromosome A10. We performed DAPI fluorescence banding on the same metaphase chromosomes to identify homologous chromosomes. The DAPI fluorescence pattern was observed mainly on the centromeric heterochromatin regions of each chromosome. However, the lengths of chromosomes A2 and A6 were completely stained, except for their telomeric regions. Meiotic diakinesis chromosomes as new substrates in FISH-developed karyotype were revealed for the first time. The karyotype of non-heading Chinese cabbage reveals that it contains eight submetacentric chromosomes, one subtelocentric chromosome (bearing satellite), and one telocentric chromosome. Diakinetic chromosome pairing can overcome the difficulty of unlabeled chromosome identification. This study provided valuable information for cytogenetic research and molecular breeding of non-heading Chinese cabbage by using the combination of FISH and DAPI fluorescence patterns on mitotic and meiotic chromosomes.     

不结球白菜表皮蜡质高温胁迫生理响应

为了明晰高温胁迫下表皮蜡质在不结球白菜生理响应中的保护作用,该研究以不结球白菜有蜡(Q28)和无蜡(Q1202)品种为试验材料,设置高温胁迫组(昼/夜温度为37℃/30℃)和对照组(昼/夜温度为25℃/18℃)处理,观察不同材料叶片表皮细胞形态,比较分析高温胁迫处理下不同时期生理和光合指标变化的差异.结果 表明:(1)...     

茶树硝酸盐转运蛋白基因的克隆和表达分析

硝酸盐转运蛋白（NRT）是植物吸收和利用硝态氮的一种关键蛋白。运用RACE技术从茶树中扩增出NRT基因的cDNA,并利用实时荧光定量PCR检测了CsNRT基因在不同茶树器官与品种之间的差异表达。结果表明：CsNRT基因的cDNA全长2 061 bp,开放阅读框为1 818 bp,编码含由605个氨基酸组成的蛋白质,GenBank登录号为KJ160503,属于NRT2基因家族。CsNRT为组成型基因,对不同处理的水培茶苗进行定量表达分析显示,该基因在根、茎、叶中都有表达,其中在根部的表达水平最高,1.0 mmol·L-1的NO3-可诱导其表达量上升7.53倍。不同茶树品种中CsNRT基因的表达也有较大差异,‘龙井长叶’和‘凫早2号’的表达量较高,前者强烈响应0.5和1.0 mmol·L-1 NO3-的诱导,后者的响应浓度为1.0和2.0mmol·L-1,而‘舒茶早’在各浓度下的表达差异不明显。     

Regulation of GmNRT2 expression and nitrate transport activity in roots of soybean (Glycine max)

A full-length cDNA, GmNRT2, encoding a putative high-affinity nitrate transporter was isolated from a Glycine max (L.) root cDNA library and sequenced. The deduced GmNRT2 protein is 530 amino acids in length and contains 12 putative membrane-spanning domains and a long, hydrophilic C-terminal domain. GmNRT2 is related to high-affinity nitrate transporters in the eukaryotes Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Aspergillus nidulans, and to putative high-affinity nitrate transporters in barley and tobacco. Southern blot analysis indicated that GmNRT2 is part of a small, multigene family in soybean. Expression of GmNRT2 in roots was regulated by the type of nitrogen source provided to plants: GmNRT2 mRNA levels were barely detectable in ammonium-grown plants, higher in nitrogen-deprived plants, and highest in nitrate-grown plants. Induction of GmNRT2 mRNA levels in roots occurred within 1 h after exposure of plants to nitrate. Nitrate induction of GmNRT2 mRNA levels was accompanied by a fourfold increase in net nitrate uptake by soybean roots at 100 μM external nitrate. The molecular and physiological evidence indicates that GmNRT2 is probably a high-affinity nitrate transporter involved in nitrate uptake by soybean roots. Received: 22 November 1997 / Accepted: 26 January 1998