浙江马鞍列岛海域潮间带底栖海藻分布特征

2007年3—7月对浙江马鞍列岛海域潮间带底栖海藻进行了调查,初步查明该海域潮间带底栖海藻的组成、分布情况和温度属性,并利用相似性指数（S_c）和相对重要性指数（IRI_c）分析了调查海域潮间带底栖海藻的优势种组成.结果表明：调查海域采集到的31种海藻隶属于3门24属,其中绿藻门5属7种,褐藻门5属8种,红藻门14属16种;在波浪和潮汐作用下,潮间带出现局限分布种和选择性分布种,孔石莼、鼠尾藻等在调查岛礁区域广有分布;红藻门种类在调查海域的出现频率为61.1%,为优势门类,绿藻门种类在该海域的总体水平分布基本呈均匀状态;81%的调查种类分布在低潮带,其中包括一些中潮带延伸种类,中、低潮带的海藻组成相似性值为0.47,并且中、低潮带的生境趋同效果大于高、中潮带.马鞍列岛潮间带底栖海藻具有明显的垂直分带现象,温水性种类占绝对优势,优势种多为暖温性种.该海域底栖海藻属于暖温带-亚热带过渡型海洋植物区系.     

烟台养马岛潮间带大型海藻分布特征及环境影响因素

2010年4月—2011年3月对烟台养马岛潮间带大型海藻进行了逐月调查.在养马岛潮间带共设置了A、B两个点,对大型海藻物种组成、生物量以及与环境变化的关系进行了研究.结果表明: 调查区域共有大型海藻35种,其中红藻24种,占总数的68.6%;绿藻6种,占总数的17.1%;褐藻5种,占总数的14.3%.夏季优势种以褐藻和绿藻为主,秋、冬、春季优势种以红藻和褐藻为主,鼠尾藻在各季节中均为优势种.大型海藻生物量呈现夏季高、冬季低的特点,生物量最高值出现在6月,A、B采样点大型海藻生物量最小值分别出现在1月和11月,具有温带海域藻类变化特点.温度、营养盐和pH对大型海藻生物量有显著影响.
     

褐稻虱在闽北越冬的探讨

我区位于福建北部,武夷山东南坡,北纬26°14′—28°20′、东经117°02′—119°17′。近几年,我们在开展褐稻虱发生规律研究中,曾对当地越冬虫源作些调查,现将初步结果简述如下。 1975、76两年冬春,曾对建阳县城关(北纬27°20′)附近平原田中稻桩、紫云英、小麦及沟河边的游草等杂草作了大量调查,未查获褐稻虱越冬虫源。     

渤海北部底栖海藻的初步研究

报道了渤海北部底栖海藻的种类组成、区系性质、群落结构和季节性变化。经调查,该海区隶属于蓝藻门、红藻门、褐藻门和绿藻门的底栖海藻共有１１９ 种,其中包括５７ 种经济海藻和７ 个新记录种。研究表明,渤海北部底栖海藻的温度性质以暖温带性为主,带有一定的亚热带性;其群落成分的季节性变化非常明显     

洞头海区大型海藻养殖净化海水水质的研究

调查了2008年浙江温州洞头海区大型经济海藻羊栖莱和坛紫菜的养殖面积和产量,实验室内测定了藻体内的总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）含量,估算出大型海藻养殖从洞头海区除去N约196t,P近10t。海藻养殖有效净化了洞头海区海水水质、降低了赤潮发生频率。     

大型海藻在珊瑚礁退化过程中的作用

随着全球范围珊瑚礁的退化,大型海藻在珊瑚礁区的覆盖度呈增多的趋势。大型海藻的大量生长,妨碍了珊瑚的生长、繁殖、恢复等过程。概括起来,大型海藻对珊瑚生长、繁殖及恢复过程所产生的不利影响主要包括:(1)大型海藻通过与珊瑚竞争空间和光照而影响珊瑚生长;(2)大型海藻与珊瑚直接接触时,通过摩擦作用及释放化感物质而影响珊瑚生长;(3)大型海藻的大量生长打破了珊瑚与海藻的竞争平衡,珊瑚为应对大型海藻的入侵而把用于生长和繁殖的能量转移到组织修复与防御上,进而造成珊瑚繁殖能量的减少;(4)大型海藻通过影响珊瑚幼虫的附着及附着后的存活率,而阻碍珊瑚群落的发展;(5)海藻还能通过富集沉积物、释放病原体及扰乱珊瑚共生微生物的生长等而间接影响珊瑚生长。明确的竞争机制有利于研究海藻与珊瑚的相互作用过程。在总结前人对海藻与珊瑚的竞争机制研究的基础上,把两者的竞争机制划分成物理机制、化学机制、微生物机制三大类,物理机制是研究得比较透彻的竞争机制,而化学机制与微生物机制则需要更深入的研究,是当前研究的热点。目前,我国对珊瑚礁中底栖海藻与珊瑚的相互作用研究甚少;鉴于此,对底栖海藻功能群的划分类型以及三大类型底栖海藻对珊瑚的作用特点做了简要介绍,并对珊瑚礁退化的现状和退化珊瑚礁区内海藻的表现做了概述。在此基础上,再综述国外关于大型海藻对珊瑚的影响研究进展,指出我国应该加强对南海珊瑚礁区大型海藻的种类分布及丰富度等的调查,评价大型海藻对南海珊瑚礁的影响现状;并结合生理学、分子生物学技术和生态学研究手段,在细胞与分子水平上探索海藻对珊瑚的影响机制,以期为珊瑚礁生态系统的保护提供参考。     

鹫峰山脉中段农业区的鼠类调查

鹫峰山脉北起福建省寿宁县,经周宁、屏南,南端达古田县,为福建省的主要山脉之一。鹫峰山区的鼠类以往仅有一些零星的记载。我们遂于1982年11月到鹫峰山脉中段的周宁县进行鼠类调查。 周宁约位于北纬27°15′,东经119°20′,系鹫峰山脉的主体部分。所调查的城关、浦源、七步等地,主要地形为山间盆地和中山河谷。城关盆地底部海拔895米,四周高山环抱。年均     

海藻酸盐裂解酶研究进展

海藻酸盐裂解酶是一类降解褐藻中海藻酸盐的酶。此酶已经在多种有机体中得到分离。对海藻酸盐裂解酶的生物特性、研究方法及其生物学功能进行了介绍。在酶学特性研究的基础上 ,通过酶解构建新型海藻酸盐多聚物 ,可增强和扩展海藻酸盐裂解酶在工业、农业、医药领域中的应用 ,使其在海藻多糖的高值化应用中发挥重要的作用。概述了海藻酸盐和海藻酸盐裂解酶过去和现在的研究状况 ,展望了海藻酸盐和海藻酸盐裂解酶将来的应用前景。     

平潭漫记

鲸从何来? 1972年12月,福建省博物馆送给我所一块鲸鱼的脊椎骨,据说它采自福建东面海上的平潭岛,是当地老乡挖房基时发现的,1973年4月,我们渡海去平潭,对发现鲸骨的现场进行了观察和发掘。鲸鱼产地位于平潭县城关红心公社霞屿大队东南一小山下。以前,这里是一个海湾,大跃进的1958年,平潭人民围海垦田,在海堤合拢后,海水才被迫从这里退出。鲸鱼骨被埋在距地表约30厘米的灰黑色淤泥层中,淤泥中富含蛎壳,淤泥层上是砂层。这次我们     

膜肩网蝽观察初报

<正> 膜肩网蝽Hegesidemus habrus Drake属半翅目,网蝽科,又名军配虫。过去记载为害毛白杨、垂柳,1980年林业病虫普查期间发现该虫严重为害河柳,后来也看到它在垂柳上为害的情况。据1981年本县城关附近调查108棵河柳,虫株率达100％,侵害较重者,一面叶片竟有虫16只之多。成虫和若虫皆栖居叶背面刺吸叶汁,叶背面被刺,正面形成苍白斑点,后整个叶片失绿变黄。由于营养大量消耗,造成顶     

A review of some Cretaceous and Tertiary serpulid polychaetes of the genera Cementula and Spiraserpula Regenhardt 1961,Laqueoserpula Lommerzheim 1979 andProtectoconorca JÄger 1983

The genus Cementula was proposed by Nielsen (1931) without designating a type species. Regenhardt (1961) made the name Cementula available by designating Cementula sphaerica Nielsen 1931 as its type. Regenhardt (1961) and Lommerzheim (1979) retain Cementula as a genus distinct from Spiraserpula Regenhardt 1961, while JÄger (1983) synonymizes the latter with the former. Re-examination of their types, however, revealed an important additional character for retaining them as distinct genera, the presence of internal longitudinal ridges in Spiraserpula, which are absent in Cementula. Two other genera, Laqueoserpula Lommerzheim 1979 and Protectoconorca JÄger 1983 were also examined, but they lack such internal tube structures. This study yielded an available name among fossil genera, namely, Spiraserpula Regenhardt 1961, for several living Serpula-like species with internal tube structures, to be described in a separate paper.     

Crassophyllum thessalonicae sp.n. (Octocorallia, Pennatulacea), from the Aegean Sea

A new pennatulacean species, Crassophyllum thessalonicae sp.n. is described from the Mediterranean (North Aegean Sea). This is the first record of a Crassophyllum Tixier-Duri vault, 1961 species from the Mediterranean Sea. The differences between the new species and C. cristatum Tixier-Durivault, 1961, the other known species of the genus, are discussed, and the genus Crassophyllum is critically compared with the other two related genera Pteroeides Herklots, 1858 and Sarcoptilus Gray, 1848.     

Trichodinid ectoparasites (Ciliophora: Peritrichida) from the gills of cultured marine fishes in China,with the description of Trichodinella lomi n. sp.

Three species of cultured percoids, each heavily infested by trichodinid ectoparasites, were examined from over-wintering pools in Qingdao, China during the winter of 1995. A total of five species of trichodinids belonging to three genera, Trichodinella Sramek-Husek, 1953, Dipartiella Shtein, 1961 and Trichodina Ehrenberg, 1838 were recorded. One new species, Trichodinella lomi n. sp., is described, the denticle of which is characterised by its acutely triangular blade, comma-like central part and inconspicuous ray. The morphology of Trichodina murmanica Poljansky, 1955 was re-investigated. Three other little-known species are redescribed: Dipartiella simplex (Raabe, 1959) Shtein, 1961, Trichodina japonica Imai, Miyazaki & Nomura, 1991 and T. domerguei (Wallengren, 1897).     

Nocturnal flight activity of some African Mantispidae (Neuroptera)

An account is given of catches of six species of Mantispidae in a light-trap at Entebbe, Uganda, in 1961–62.     

NEW SPECIES AND RECORDS OF POLYCHAETA FROM CEYLON

A collection of polychaetes made by the author in December 1961 and April 1962 from a number of places on the coast of Ceylon was examined. Seven new species and one new subspecies are described and sixteen species are recorded new to the fauna of Ceylon. The holotypes and lectotypes have been deposited in the British Museum (Natural History).     

A REVISION OF BENTHOBROOKULA CLARKE, 1961 (GASTROPODA, TROCHOIDEA) IN THE SOUTHWESTERN ATLANTIC OCEAN

A systematic revision of the species of Benthobrookula Clarke,1961 from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean was carried out. Theglobose protoconch, sculptured with a reticulate pattern, isrecognized as a diagnostic character for the genus. Benthobrookulaexquisita Clarke, 1961 and B. powelli Clarke, 1961 are redescribedand Cyclostrema calypso Melvill & Standen, 1912, Brookulapfefferi Powell, 1951 and Brookula strebeli Powell, 1951 areredescribed and allocated to Benthobrookula. Benthobrookulastrebeli is validated on the basis of the study of topotypicalspecimens. Two new species are described: Benthobrookula argentinafrom South Georgia and Benthobrookula paranaensis from off Brazil.A new allocation of Scalaria brevis d'Orbigny, 1840 to Benthobrookulais proposed. (Received 14 October 2004; accepted 20 May 2005)     

NAIROBI NATIONAL PARK GAME CENSUS, 1966

1. The monthly game counts of Nairobi National Park in 1966 are compared with those of 1961 to 1983 inclusive. It appears that the mean an-nual population of wild ungulates has remained constant at about 4000 animais after a severe decline during the drought of 1961.
2. Wildebeest have continued to decline since the drought and there is no evidence of the former migration to the Athi-Kapiti plains. Reasons for these phenomena are proposed.
3. Kongoni have continued to in-crease since their decline in 1961 and little migration to the plains could be detected in 1966.
4. The mean yearly population of zebra has remained constant since their decline in 1961. At present this is the only species to migrate in large num-bers to and from the plains with the onset and cessation of the rains.
5. Other ungulates were less affected by the drought and their numbers in 1966 appear to have changed relatively little since the beginning of 1961.
6. Females predomInate in the adult populations of all the common plains ungulates.
7. In 1966 lions killed wildebeest at a rate four times greater than would be expected from the percentage of wildebeest in the population. Reasons for this are suggested. As the wildebeest have declined in numbers, the lion have included higher percentages of zebra, warthog, kongoni and eland in their diets.     

Cestodes (Caryophyllidea) of the stinging catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Siluriformes: Heteropneustidae) from Asia

The stinging catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) (Siluriformes: Heteropneustidae) has been reported to harbor as many as 19 species of caryophyllidean tapeworms (Cestoda) of 11 genera in tropical Asia (Indomalayan zoogeographical region). However, a critical review of the species composition has shown that only 1 species, Lucknowia fossilisi Gupta, 1961 (Lytocestidae), is a specific parasite of H. fossilis. Three other species, Djombangia penetrans Bovien, 1926 (syn., Djombangia caballeroi Sahay and Sahay, 1977 ), Pseudocaryophyllaeus ritai Gupta and Singh, 1983 (syn. Pseudocaryophyllaeus lucknowensis Gupta and Sinha, 1984 ), and Pseudocaryophyllaeus tenuicollis (Bovien, 1926) Ash, Scholz, Oros and Kar, 2011 (syn. P. mackiewiczi Gupta and Parmar, 1982 ), were found only once. Lucknowia fossilisi is redescribed on the basis of new material collected in West Bengal and voucher specimens from Maharashtra, India. A total of 9 species of Capingentoides, Lucknowia, Lytocestus, Pseudoadenoscolex, Pseudocaryophyllaeus, Pseudoheteroinverta, and Sukhapatae are newly synonymized with L. fossilisi and previous synonymies of 9 other species, proposed by Hafeezulah (1993), are confirmed. Generic diagnosis of Lucknowia Gupta, 1961 is amended. In addition, 1 species of Pseudobatrachus and 2 species of the monotypic genera Pseudoneckinverta and Sudhaena are invalidated as nomina nuda.     

SIZE AND SEX IN CYPRAEIDAE

Samples of Cypraea (Notocypraea) angustata Gmelin 1791 and ofCypraea errones L. 1758 have been measured, and the sex of theindividuals determined. The males of C. angustatawere foundto be significantly shorter than the females. Differences betweenother dimensions in this species, and between all dimensionsmeasured in C. errones, were of little significance It has recently been shown (Griffiths, 1961) that the malesof Umbilia hesitata Iredale were greater in length than thefemales. Other evidence in this paper, and some subsequent measurementsmade by Schilder and Schilder (1961) have suggested that theconverse might be true for some other species of CYPRAEIDAE Sample groups of shells of C. errones and C.(N) angustata havenow been measured. The shells were then cut open, and thesexof the animal determined by the presence or absence of a penis.The results are givenin Tables I and II (Received 10 March 1961;     

Frasnian bryozoans (Late Devonian) from the Khoshyeilagh Section,Alborz Mountains (northern Iran)

A bryozoan fauna containing seven species is described from the Upper Frasnian (Upper Devonian) rocks in the Khoshyeilagh Section, Alborz Mountains (northern Iran). The studied bryozoan assemblage includes one new trepostome species, Eridotrypella alborzensis sp. nov., an additional four species identified at species level: two trepostomes, Minussina akkayaensis Volkova, 1974 and Leptotrypella inaudita Morozova, 1961, and two rhabdomesine cryptostomes, Bigeyella mariae (Morozova, 1961) and Saffordotaxis multispinata (Morozova, 1955). Furthermore, two species are described in open nomenclature: the trepostome Schulgina sp. and the rhabdomesine cryptostome Nicklesopora sp. The studied fauna shows a close similarity at the species level between northern Iran and the Altai-Sayan Folded Belt (Russia), south China, and Transcaucasia.