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1.
Jinhuan Xu Qiuxiang Wang Hao Xu Chaojiang Gu Lijun Jiang Jue Wang Di Wang Bin Xu Xia Mao Jin Wang Zhiqiong Wang Yi Xiao Yicheng Zhang Chunrui Li Jianfeng Zhou 《Journal of hematology & oncology》2018,11(1):128
Background
POEMS (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes) syndrome still has no standard treatment. On the basis that both POEMS syndrome and myeloma have an underlying plasma cell dyscrasia, anti-myeloma therapy can be expected to be useful for POEMS syndrome. Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells targeting B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) has been used in the treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). No POEMS syndrome cases treated with anti-BCMA CAR-T cells have been reported.Case presentation
Here, we, for the first time, report a POEMS syndrome case treated with anti-BCMA CAR-T cells. A 49-year-old female with incapacitating POEMS syndrome that progressed on lenalidomide treatment was enrolled in a phase I study involving anti-BCMA CAR-T cells (ChiCTR-OPC-16009113). Another patient with RRMM who had undergone six prior lines treatments was also enrolled in the study. They received infusions of anti-BCMA CAR-T cells. Both patients achieved a stringent complete response. Complete remission persisted in the patient with POEMS syndrome and lasted for 7.6 months before a relapse in RRMM patient. Both patients had toxicity consistent with the grade 1 cytokine release syndrome.Conclusions
This is the first report of treatment by anti-BCMA CAR-T cells in POEMS syndrome. Our findings demonstrate the anti-BCMA CAR-T cell treatment may be a feasible therapeutic option for patients with POEMS syndrome and RRMM who do not respond well to traditional therapies.Trial registration
ChiCTR-OPC, ChiCTR-OPC-16009113. Registered 29 August 2016.2.
Michael Wang Stephen J. Schuster Tycel Phillips Izidore S. Lossos Andre Goy Simon Rule Mehdi Hamadani Nilanjan Ghosh Craig B. Reeder Evelyn Barnett Marie-Laure Casadebaig Bravo Peter Martin 《Journal of hematology & oncology》2017,10(1):171
Background
The observational MCL-004 study evaluated outcomes in patients with relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma who received lenalidomide-based therapy after ibrutinib failure or intolerance.Methods
The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed overall response rate based on the 2007 International Working Group criteria.Results
Of 58 enrolled patients (median age, 71 years; range, 50–89), 13 received lenalidomide monotherapy, 11 lenalidomide plus rituximab, and 34 lenalidomide plus other treatment. Most patients (88%) had received ≥?3 prior therapies (median 4; range, 1–13). Median time from last dose of ibrutinib to the start of lenalidomide was 1.3 weeks (range, 0.1–21.7); 45% of patients had partial responses or better to prior ibrutinib. Primary reasons for ibrutinib discontinuation were lack of efficacy (88%) and ibrutinib toxicity (9%). After a median of two cycles (range, 0–11) of lenalidomide-based treatment, 17 patients responded (8 complete responses, 9 partial responses), for a 29% overall response rate (95% confidence interval, 18–43%) and a median duration of response of 20 weeks (95% confidence interval, 2.9 to not available). Overall response rate to lenalidomide-based therapy was similar for patients with relapsed/progressive disease after previous response to ibrutinib (i.e., ≥PR) versus ibrutinib-refractory (i.e., ≤SD) patients (30 versus 32%, respectively). The most common all-grade treatment-emergent adverse events after lenalidomide-containing therapy (n = 58) were fatigue (38%) and cough, dizziness, dyspnea, nausea, and peripheral edema (19% each). At data cutoff, 28 patients have died, primarily due to mantle cell lymphoma.Conclusion
Lenalidomide-based treatment showed clinical activity, with no unexpected toxicities, in patients with relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma who previously failed ibrutinib therapy.Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02341781. Date of registration: January 14, 20153.
Objectives
To develop a site-specific integration strategy for CAR-T engineering by using a non-viral vector dependent on adeno-associated viral (AAV) genome, which tends to be integrated into AAVS1 site with the help of its Rep proteins.Results
AAV-dependent vectors were produced in Sf9 cells. Structural analyses revealed the vector as covalently close-ended, linear duplex molecules, which was termed “CELiD” DNA. A plasmid CMV-Rep was constructed to express the integrases Rep78 and Rep68. Jurkat cells were co-electroporated with “CELiD” DNA and plasmid CMV-Rep in order to specifically integrate CAR gene into AAVS1 site. We examined 71 stably transfected Jurkat clones by nested PCR, sequencing and southern blotting, of which 30 clones bore CAR gene within AAVS1 site. The site-specific integration efficiency was nearly 42.2 %.Conclusions
The AAV-dependent vector preferentially integrated CAR into AAVS1 site, which could be further used in human T cell modification and enhance the security of CAR-T therapy.4.
Lia Bally Cédric Bovet Christos T. Nakas Thomas Zueger Jean-Christophe Prost Jean-Marc Nuoffer Alexander B. Leichtle Georg Martin Fiedler Christoph Stettler 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(7):78
Introduction
Exercise-associated metabolism in type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains under-studied due to the complex interplay between exogenous insulin, counter-regulatory hormones and insulin-sensitivity.Objective
To identify the metabolic differences induced by two exercise modalities in T1D using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC–HRMS) based metabolomics.Methods
Twelve T1D adults performed intermittent high-intensity (IHE) and continuous-moderate-intensity (CONT) exercise. Serum samples were analysed by UHPLC–HRMS.Results
Metabolic profiling of IHE and CONT highlighted exercise-induced changes in purine and acylcarnitine metabolism.Conclusion
IHE may increase beta-oxidation through higher ATP-turnover. UHPLC–HRMS based metabolomics as a data-driven approach without an a priori hypothesis may help uncover distinctive metabolic effects during exercise in T1D.Clinical trial registration number is www.clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02068638.5.
Jonas Eriksson Ström Jamshid Pourazar Robert Linder Anders Blomberg Anne Lindberg Anders Bucht Annelie F. Behndig 《Respiratory research》2018,19(1):244
Background
Cytotoxic lymphocytes are increased in the airways of COPD patients. Whether this increase is driven primarily by the disease or by smoking is not clear, nor whether it correlates with the rate of decline in lung function.Methods
Bronchoscopy with BAL was performed in 52 subjects recruited from the longitudinal OLIN COPD study according to pre-determined criteria; 12 with COPD and a rapid decline in lung function (loss of FEV1?≥?60?ml/year), 10 with COPD and a non-rapid decline in lung function (loss of FEV1?≤?30?ml/year), 15 current and ex-smokers and 15 non-smokers with normal lung function. BAL lymphocyte subsets were determined using flow cytometry.Results
In BAL fluid, the proportions of NK, iNKT and NKT-like cells all increased with pack-years. Within the COPD group, NK cells – but not iNKT or NKT-like cells – were significantly elevated also in subjects that had quit smoking. In contrast, current smoking was associated with a marked increase in iNKT and NKT-like cells but not in NK cells. Rate of lung function decline did not significantly affect any of the results.Conclusions
In summary, increased proportions of NK cells in BAL fluid were associated with COPD; iNKT and NKT-like cells with current smoking but not with COPD. Interestingly, NK cell percentages did not normalize in COPD subjects that had quit smoking, indicating that these cells might play a role in the continued disease progression seen in COPD even after smoking cessation.Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02729220.6.
Fatemeh Norozi Javad Mohammadi-asl Tina Vosoughi Mohammad Ali Jalali Far Amal Saki Malehi Najmaldin Saki 《生物学前沿》2016,11(5):404-411
Objectives
Targeted therapy of Philadelphia-positive ALL and CML patients using imatinib (IM) has caused significant changes in treatment course and has increased the survival of patients. A small group of patients show resistance to IM. Acquired mutations in tyrosine kinase domain of BCR-ABL protein are a mechanism for development of resistance. T315I is one of the most common acquired mutations in this domain, which occurs in ATP binding site and inhibits the formation of hydrogen bond with IM. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of this mutation in BCR/ABL-positive CML and ALL patients.Methods
To conduct this study, 60 BCR-ABL-positive patients (including 50 CML and 10 ALL patients) who were subject to treatment with IM were selected. After taking the samples, presence of T315I mutation was assessed using ARMS-PCR on cDNA and its polymorphism was evaluated by sequencing.Results
The results showed that among 60 patients, only three patients had T315I mutation, which was detected using ARMS technique. The three patients bearing mutation were afflicted with CML and no significant association was found between blood parameters with duration of treatment in presence of mutation.Conclusions
The mutation was found in three CML patients, which indicated lower likelihood and diagnostic value of this mutation in ALL patients. Given the negative direct sequencing results in T315I patients, it can be concluded that ARMS-PCR is a more sensitive technique when the number of cancer cells is low in patients during treatment.7.
Davide Facchinelli Gessica Marchesini Gianpaolo Nadali Livio Pagano 《Current fungal infection reports》2018,12(4):179-186
Purpose of the Review
This review summarizes data about epidemiology, treatment, and risk factors for invasive fungal infections (IFI) in patients affected by chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), multiple myeloma (MM), and indolent non Hodgkin lymphoma (iNHL).Recent Findings
Despite advances in the prognosis and treatment of hematological malignancies in recent years, susceptibility to infection remains a significant challenge to patient care. A large amount of data regarding patients with acute leukemias have been published while little information is available on incidence of IFI in chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (CLD).Summary
The overall incidence of IFI in CLL patients is reported from 1.3 to 7.8% and the main risk factors are related to disease status (high-risk in relapsed/refractory disease), number of previous chemotherapy regimens, and Ig levels.In MM, most of the IFI occurred during refractory or progressive disease. The rate of IFI ranges from 0.5 to 12.3%. Neutropenia is the main risk factor in MM and risk seems to be related to its duration and severity. The overall incidence of IFI in iNHL ranges from 0.5 to 4% and the most important risk factors are disease status (high-risk in relapsed/refractory and advance stage disease) and type of treatment (high-risk for steroid administration, intensive chemotherapy with prolonged neutropenia, use of monoclonal antibodies and purine analogs).8.
N. Cesbron A.-L. Royer Y. Guitton A. Sydor B. Le Bizec G. Dervilly-Pinel 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(8):99
Introduction
Collecting feces is easy. It offers direct outcome to endogenous and microbial metabolites.Objectives
In a context of lack of consensus about fecal sample preparation, especially in animal species, we developed a robust protocol allowing untargeted LC-HRMS fingerprinting.Methods
The conditions of extraction (quantity, preparation, solvents, dilutions) were investigated in bovine feces.Results
A rapid and simple protocol involving feces extraction with methanol (1/3, M/V) followed by centrifugation and a step filtration (10 kDa) was developed.Conclusion
The workflow generated repeatable and informative fingerprints for robust metabolome characterization.9.
Background
Software applications (apps) could potentially promote exercise adherence. However, it is unclear whether adolescents with painful hyperkyphosis will use an app designed for a home exercise program. The purpose of this study is to assess factors regarding adherence to an app-based home exercise program in adolescents with hyperkyphosis and back pain who were provided a one-time exercise treatment.Methods
Twenty-one participants were instructed in a one-time exercise treatment and asked to complete a home exercise program 3 times a week for 6 months using an app called PT PAL. At a 6-month follow-up, 14 participants completed a survey assessing factors related to their experiences using the app and their treatment engagement.Results
Although most participants did not use the app, they reported performing their exercises a few times per week. The adolescent participants considered the app to be more of a barrier than a supportive measure for promoting exercise adherence. Most participants still reported bothersome back pain.Conclusions
Although adherence to the 6-month app-based home exercise program was not successful, adolescents still viewed technology support such as text reminders as a potential solution.Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03212664. Registered 11 July 2017. Retrospectively registered.10.
Guillaume Foldes-Busque Stéphanie Hamel Geneviève Belleville Richard Fleet Julien Poitras Jean-Marc Chauny Alain Vadeboncoeur Kim L. Lavoie André Marchand 《BioPsychoSocial medicine》2016,10(1):30
Background
Panic disorder (PD) is highly prevalent in patients with non-cardiac chest pain (NCCP). This study aims to explore the role of psychological factors (PD intensity, anxiety sensitivity, heart-related fear, attention and avoidance) common to NCCP and PD in predicting chest pain levels in patients with both conditions.Methods
This association was investigated in emergency department patients with NCCP and PD receiving either evidence-based treatment of PD or treatment as usual. Patients were assessed at baseline and 14 weeks later for post-treatment.Results
Only heart-focused fear and attention for cardiac sensations independently explained a significant portion of the variance in baseline pain (n?=?66). At 3 months follow-up (n?=?53), changes in heart-related fear was the only factor independently associated with changes in chest pain intensity. Even in patients with PD, fear specific to cardiac sensations seems to play a central role in determining NCCP intensity.Conclusion
These results suggest that the efficacy of intervention for patients with PD and comorbid NCCP could be improved by targeting heart-related fear and attention.Trial registration
NCT0073634611.
Jie Yang Jianhua Cheng Bo Sun Haijing Li Shengming Wu Fangting Dong Xianzhong Yan 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2018,14(4):40
Introduction
Hypoxia commonly occurs in cancers and is highly related with the occurrence, development and metastasis of cancer. Treatment of triple negative breast cancer remains challenge. Knowledge about the metabolic status of triple negative breast cancer cell lines in hypoxia is valuable for the understanding of molecular mechanisms of this tumor subtype to develop effective therapeutics.Objectives
Comprehensively characterize the metabolic profiles of triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 in normoxia and hypoxia and the pathways involved in metabolic changes in hypoxia.Methods
Differences in metabolic profiles affected pathways of MDA-MB-231 cells in normoxia and hypoxia were characterized using GC–MS based untargeted and stable isotope assisted metabolomic techniques.Results
Thirty-three metabolites were significantly changed in hypoxia and nine pathways were involved. Hypoxia increased glycolysis, inhibited TCA cycle, pentose phosphate pathway and pyruvate carboxylation, while increased glutaminolysis in MDA-MB-231 cells.Conclusion
The current results provide metabolic differences of MDA-MB-231 cells in normoxia and hypoxia conditions as well as the involved metabolic pathways, demonstrating the power of combined use of untargeted and stable isotope-assisted metabolomic methods in comprehensive metabolomic analysis.12.
Zichen?Yang Jian?Sun Xiaofeng?Yang Zhiyuan?Zhang Bangwei?Lou Jian?Xiong Hermann?J?Schluesener Zhiren?Zhang
Background
Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) is a well-known animal model of human demyelinating polyneuropathies and is characterized by inflammation and demyelination in the peripheral nervous system. Fascin is an evolutionarily highly conserved cytoskeletal protein of 55 kDa containing two actin binding domains that cross-link filamentous actin to hexagonal bundles.Methods
Here we have studied by immunohistochemistry the spatiotemporal accumulation of Fascin?+?cells in sciatic nerves of EAN rats.Results
A robust accumulation of Fascin?+?cell was observed in the peripheral nervous system of EAN which was correlated with the severity of neurological signs in EAN.Conclusion
Our results suggest a pathological role of Fascin in EAN.Virtual slides
The virtual slides for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticphatology.diagnomx.eu/vs/673459345111481113.
Ali Amin Asnafi Elahe Khodadi Neda Golchin Arash Alghasi Yousef Tavakolifar Najmaldin Saki 《生物学前沿》2017,12(1):63-70
Background
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) occurs owing to the defective maturation, increased proliferation, and lack of differentiation of lymphoid cells. Evaluation of the expression levels of microRNAs (miRNAs) could help in the prognosis and improve the clinical outcome of ALL patients. Given the role of miR-21, miR-150, and miR-451 as oncogenes and tumor suppressors in lymphocytes, this study explored the relation between the expression levels of these miRNAs and the clinical outcomes of ALL patients.Methods
cDNA synthesis and RT-PCR were performed for peripheral blood samples from 41 patients with ALL, as well as for U937 and Jurkat cell lines to examine the expression of miR-451, miR-150, and miR-21 after miRNA purification. We also performed an epidemiological analysis in which Mann–Whitney and Chi-square tests were used to investigate the relationship between the expression of miRNAs and other clinical and laboratory data. Binary logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio in univariate and multivariate analyses for clinical outcomes.Results
miR-21 and miR-150 expression was found to be decreased, while miR-451 expression showed no difference compared to the control group. There was a significant relationship between miR-451 expression and hemoglobin (Hb) levels, as well as between miR-150 expression and clinical outcomes of ALL patients.Conclusion
Increased expression of miR-451 decreased the Hb levels; reduced expression of miR-150 was associated with increased relapse rate in patients. Age, increased WBC, and decreased Hb levels were associated with increased relapse rates in ALL patients. Therefore, miR-150 could be used as a biomarker to determine the clinical outcome of ALL patients.14.
Rachel A. Spicer Christoph Steinbeck 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2018,14(1):16
Introduction
Data sharing is being increasingly required by journals and has been heralded as a solution to the ‘replication crisis’.Objectives
(i) Review data sharing policies of journals publishing the most metabolomics papers associated with open data and (ii) compare these journals’ policies to those that publish the most metabolomics papers.Methods
A PubMed search was used to identify metabolomics papers. Metabolomics data repositories were manually searched for linked publications.Results
Journals that support data sharing are not necessarily those with the most papers associated to open metabolomics data.Conclusion
Further efforts are required to improve data sharing in metabolomics.15.
Nucleotide excision repair is a predictor of early relapse in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Omar M. Ibrahim Homood M. As Sobeai Stephen G. Grant Jean J. Latimer 《BMC medical genomics》2018,11(1):95
Background
Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) is a major pathway of mammalian DNA repair that is associated with drug resistance and has not been well characterized in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The objective of this study was to explore the role of NER in relapsed ALL patients. We hypothesized that increased expression of NER genes was associated with drug resistance and relapse in ALL.Methods
We performed secondary data analysis on two sets of pediatric ALL patients that all ultimately relapsed, and who had matched diagnosis-relapse gene expression microarray data (GSE28460 and GSE18497). GSE28460 included 49 precursor-B-ALL patients, and GSE18497 included 27 precursor-B-ALL and 14 T-ALL patients. Microarray data were processed using the Plier 16 algorithm and the 20 canonical NER genes were extracted. Comparisons were made between time of diagnosis and relapse, and between early and late relapsing subgroups. The Chi-square test was used to evaluate whether NER gene expression was altered at the level of the entire pathway and individual gene expression was compared using t-tests.Results
We found that gene expression of the NER pathway was significantly increased upon relapse in patients that took 3 years or greater to relapse (late relapsers, P?=?.007), whereas no such change was evident in patients that relapsed in less than 3 years (early relapsers, P?= .180). Moreover, at diagnosis, the NER gene expression of the early relapsing subpopulation was already significantly elevated over that of the late relapsing group (P?<?.001). This pattern was validated by an ‘NER score’ established by averaging the relative expression of the 20 canonical NER genes. The NER score at diagnosis was found to be significantly associated with disease-free survival in precursor-B-ALL (P <?.001).Conclusion
Patients are over two times more likely to undergo early relapse if they have a high NER score at diagnosis, hazard ratio 2.008, 95% CI (1.256–3.211). The NER score may provide a underlying mechanism for “time to remission”, a known prognostic factor in ALL, and a rationale for differential treatment.16.
17.
Background
Fabry disease (FD) is a genetic disorder resulting from deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A), which leads to globotriaosylceramide (GL-3) accumulation in multiple tissues. We report on the safety and pharmacodynamics of migalastat hydrochloride, an investigational pharmacological chaperone given orally at 150 mg every-other-day.Methods
Two open-label uncontrolled phase 2 studies of 12 and 24 weeks (NCT00283959 and NCT00283933) in 9 males with FD were combined. At multiple time points, α-Gal A activity and GL-3 levels were quantified in blood cells, kidney and skin. GL-3 levels were also evaluated through skin and renal histology.Results
Compared to baseline, increased α-Gal A activity of at least 50% was demonstrated in blood, skin and kidney in 6 of 9 patients. Patients’ increased α-Gal A activities paralleled the α-Gal A increases observed in vitro in HEK-293 cells transfected with the corresponding mutant form of the enzyme. The same 6 patients who demonstrated increases of α-Gal A activity also had GL-3 reduction in skin, urine and/or kidney, and had α-Gal A mutations that responded in transfected cells incubated with the drug. The 3 patients who did not show a consistent response in vivo had α-Gal A mutations that did not respond to migalastat HCl in transfected cells. Migalastat HCl was well tolerated.Conclusions
Migalastat HCl is a candidate pharmacological chaperone that provides a novel genotype-specific treatment for FD. It enhanced α-Gal A activity and resulted in GL-3 substrate decrease in patients with responsive GLA mutations. Phase 3 studies are ongoing.Trial registration
Clinicaltrial.gov: NCT00283959 and NCT0028393318.
Pengcheng Zhou Ning Zhou Li Shao Jianzhou Li Sidi Liu Xiujuan Meng Juping Duan Xinrui Xiong Xun Huang Yuhua Chen Xuegong Fan Yixiang Zheng Shujuan Ma Chunhui Li Anhua Wu 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2018,14(8):102
Introduction
The fecal metabolome of Clostridium difficile (CD) infection is far from being understood, particularly its non-volatile organic compounds. The drawbacks of current tests used to diagnose CD infection hinder their application.Objective
The aims of this study were to find new characteristic fecal metabolites of CD infection and develop a metabolomics model for the diagnosis of CD infection.Methods
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS) was used to characterize the fecal metabolome of CD positive and negative diarrhea and healthy control stool samples.Results
Diarrhea and healthy control samples showed distinct clusters in the principal components analysis score plot, and CD positive group and CD negative group demonstrated clearer separation in a partial least squares discriminate analysis model. The relative abundance of sphingosine, chenodeoxycholic acid, phenylalanine, lysophosphatidylcholine (C16:0), and propylene glycol stearate was higher, and the relative abundance of fatty amide, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, tyrosine, linoleyl carnitine, and sphingomyelin was lower in CD positive diarrhea groups, than in the CD negative group. A linear discriminant analysis model based on capsiamide, dihydrosphingosine, and glycochenodeoxycholic acid was further constructed to identify CD infection in diarrhea. The leave-one-out cross-validation accuracy and area under receiver operating characteristic curve for the training set/external validation set were 90.00/78.57%, and 0.900/0.7917 respectively.Conclusions
Compared with other hospital-onset diarrhea, CD diarrhea has distinct fecal metabolome characteristics. Our UPLC–MS metabolomics model might be useful tool for diagnosing CD diarrhea.19.
Jill A. Poole Ted R. Mikuls Michael J. Duryee Kristi J. Warren Todd A. Wyatt Amy J. Nelson Debra J. Romberger William W. West Geoffrey M. Thiele 《Respiratory research》2017,18(1):214
Background
Agriculture organic dust exposures induce lung disease with lymphoid aggregates comprised of both T and B cells. The precise role of B cells in mediating lung inflammation is unknown, yet might be relevant given the emerging role of B cells in obstructive pulmonary disease and associated autoimmunity.Methods
Using an established animal model, C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and B-cell receptor (BCR) knock-out (KO) mice were repetitively treated with intranasal inhalation of swine confinement organic dust extract (ODE) daily for 3 weeks and lavage fluid, lung tissues, and serum were collected.Results
ODE-induced neutrophil influx in lavage fluid was not reduced in BCR KO animals, but there was reduction in TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL1, and CXCL2 release. ODE-induced lymphoid aggregates failed to develop in BCR KO mice. There was a decrease in ODE-induced lung tissue CD11c+CD11b+ exudative macrophages and compensatory increase in CD8+ T cells in lavage fluid of BCR KO animals. Compared to saline, there was an expansion of conventional B2-, innate B1 (CD19+CD11b+CD5+/?)-, and memory (CD19+CD273+/-CD73+/?) B cells following ODE exposure in WT mice. Autoreactive responses including serum IgG anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) and anti-malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde (MAA) autoantibodies were increased in ODE treated WT mice as compared to saline control. B cells and serum immunoglobulins were not detected in BCR KO animals.Conclusions
Lung tissue staining for citrullinated and MAA modified proteins were increased in ODE-treated WT animals, but not BCR KO mice. These studies show that agriculture organic dust induced lung inflammation is dependent upon B cells, and dust exposure induces an autoreactive response.20.