无籽西瓜品种SSR指纹图谱构建及遗传多样性分析

利用SSR标记构建了27份中国无籽西瓜主栽品种的DNA指纹并进行了遗传多样性分析。24对多态性引物共扩增出66种基因型,基因型数2-5个不等,平均2.75个。平均多态性信息量(PIC)为0.37,变化范围为 0.19～0.66。有4个品种具有特征谱带。27个品种遗传相似系数变化范围为 0.7045～1.0,平均0.8683。组合24对引物,除无法区分‘郑抗无籽1号’与‘雪峰花皮无籽’,其余品种均能一一区分开。采用类平均法进行聚类分析,在相似系数0.83处,可将27个品种分为3大类。     

西瓜核心种质的AFLP指纹图谱和SCAR标记

西瓜(Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf.)种质资源的鉴定与评价是对其有效利用的基础.以往的研究表明, 西瓜是一种遗传资源特别狭窄的作物,在用同工酶、RAPD及SSR技术对西瓜种质资源进行鉴定时,发现很难将品种完全区分开来.本研究利用高效可靠的AFLP技术,对30个西瓜核心种质材料进行了遗传分析,最终建立了这30个材料的DNA指纹图谱.在该图谱中,每个材料均有其独特的"指纹",材料之间可以相互区分开来.为了进一步利用AFLP分子标记,将重要抗病种质材料"PI296341"的AFLP特异带转化成了生产上可以直接利用的SCAR标记.     

西瓜核心种质的AFLP指纹图谱和SCAR标记

西瓜(Citnllus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf.)种质资源的鉴定与评价是对其有效利用的基础。以往的研究表明,西瓜是一种遗传资源特别狭窄的作物,在用同工酶、RAPD及SSR技术对西瓜种质资源进行鉴定时,发现很难将品种完全区分开来。本研究利用高效可靠的AFLP技术,对30个西瓜核心种质材料进行了遗传分析,最终建立了这30个材料的DNA指纹图谱。在该图谱中,每个材料均有其独特的“指纹”,材料之间可以相互区分开来。为了进一步利用AFLP分子标记,将重要抗病种质材料“P1296341”的AFLP特异带转化成了生产上可以直接利用的SCAR标记。     

基于SSR标记的彩色马铃薯亲缘关系分析及指纹图谱构建

为了探究彩色马铃薯种质资源的遗传背景,该试验共选用22对SSR标记引物,对33份彩色马铃薯品种(系)进行遗传多样性分析以及指纹图谱构建。结果表明:(1)22对引物可扩增得到95个等位位点,其中82个为多态性位点,多态性比率达到86.31%;多态信息量(PIC)从0.168 7(STM1053)到0.991 9(STI033),平均为0.8411。(2)UPGMA聚类分析表明,在相似系数0.71处,33份供试材料分为4个主要聚类群,不同聚类群之间具有较大的遗传差异。(3)利用STM0031、STM0030、STI014、STM1029、STI001共5对SSR标记引物构建了33份彩色马铃薯材料的分子标记指纹图谱。该研究结果为彩色马铃薯育种亲本组配奠定了理论基础,有助于彩色马铃薯种质资源的快速鉴定。     

中国黄瓜主栽品种SSR遗传多样性分析及指纹图谱构建

应用简单重复序列(SSR)标记对从国内主要黄瓜育种单位征集到的116份生产上主栽品种进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明35对引物共扩增出86个等位基因,每对引物平均扩增出2.46个等位基因,其中有效等位基因占70.99%,平均Shannon’s信息指数为0.639,平均PIC为0.382。116个品种的遗传相似系数(GS)分布在0.5029~0.9797之间。聚类分析结果表明在遗传距离0.25处可将供试材料分为2大类群。第1类共106个品种,可分为5个亚族,主要包括华北密刺型、华南型、日本少刺型这3大类型;第2类包含10个欧洲温室型品种。     

天麻种质资源的SSR指纹图谱研究

天麻(Gastrodia elata Bl.)为中国珍稀濒危传统药用植物,其不同种质之间形态特征差异微小,而药用成分差异较大,种质资源混乱。为了构建天麻种质资源的DNA指纹图谱,该研究应用SSR分子标记技术对天麻的3种变型(乌天麻、红天麻和绿天麻)、12个种群,共计120个样本进行了群体遗传分析。研究结果表明:(1)7对SSR引物均能对天麻样本成功进行PCR扩增且多态性丰富,每对引物的等位基因数(N_a)在5~7之间,平均为6.43;引物多态信息含量(PIC)范围为0.626 2~0.823 5,平均为0.759 5。(2)群体遗传分析结果表明,天麻在物种水平上和变型水平上均有较高的遗传多样性(物种水平:A=6.428 6,H=0.789 0,I=1.682 9;变型水平:A=2.666 6,H=0.523 9,I=0.812 3)。(3)分子方差分析结果显示,种群间和变型间均存在强烈的遗传分化(F_(st)=0.558 6,F_(ct)=0.381 8)。(4)种群聚类分析结果显示,相同变型的天麻种群首先聚在一起,3种变型能被完全分开,SSR指纹图谱在变型水平上鉴定效率良好;从120个样本中共检测出有112种基因型,Simpson指数(D)为0.99 8,说明SSR指纹图谱对天麻样本在个体水平上也有着良好的鉴定效率。该研究结果揭示了天麻的遗传背景,并建立了天麻的SSR指纹鉴定图谱,为其种质资源的保护、选育及药材鉴定奠定了科学依据与技术支撑。     

白及种质资源及其近缘种的SSR指纹图谱研究

白及(Bletilla striata Rchb.)为中国珍稀濒危药用植物,野生资源枯竭,混伪种繁多。该研究基于SSR标记技术对16个地区48份白及(Bletilla striata Rchb.)样品和4份黄花白及(Bletilla ochracea Schltr.)、4份小白及(Bletilla formosana(Hayata)Schltr.)、4份华白及(Bletilla sinensis(Rolfe)Schltr.)样品进行遗传多样性分析,构建白及种质资源的SSR指纹图谱,并对60份白及样品进行种质资源鉴定,分析白及属种内及其种间的遗传分化特征。结果表明:(1)20对白及SSR引物均能在4个白及属植物中成功扩增,条带清晰且多态性丰富,每对引物的复等位基因数(Na)在4~9之间,等位基因数(Na)总和为127,平均为6.35。(2)筛选出基因型丰富、多态性信息含量(PIC)高的7对白及SSR引物(BJSSR01、BJSSR14、BJSSR15、BJSSR16、BJSSR18、BJSSR19、BJSSR22)构建的白及SSR指纹图谱能将白及属各种质资源清楚分开。(3)白及属在种间水平均有较高的遗传多样性(Na=6.35,I=1.429 1,h=0.706 8),物种间遗传分化强烈(Gst=0.44),物种间的基因流较弱(Nm=0.475 3)。(4)UPGMA聚类分析表明,60份供试样品明显聚为4大支,同一物种的个体首先聚在一起,这与形态学分类基本一致;不同来源地的样品种内和种间的亲缘关系有明显差异,地理距离较近的白及样品具有较近的遗传关系。     

木薯商业品种的指纹图谱构建

利用SSR分子标记技术构建10个木薯商业品种的指纹图谱。通过基因组多态性分析,从已定位于木薯连锁群的44对SSR引物中筛选到22对扩增效果好的引物,经统计分析发现,用其中4对引物ssry-13、ssry-19、ssry-23和ssry-45的组合能够建立该组木薯商业品种的指纹图谱,品种鉴定的置信概率达到99.9985%。     

乌头及其同属近缘种的SSR指纹图谱研究

乌头(Aconitum carmichaeli Debx.)为中国重要的药用植物,种质资源丰富,同属近缘种繁多。该研究采用SSR分子标记技术对采自17个种群的51份乌头样本和13个同属近缘种的65份样本进行扩增和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测,分析了乌头及其同属近缘种的遗传多样性、遗传分化和系统发育关系,筛选出稳定性好、多态性高的SSR引物构建乌头及其近缘种的指纹图谱。结果表明:(1)11对乌头微卫星引物均表现出高的多态性,共检测出109个复等位基因,平均每个位点9.91。(2)乌头在物种水平上遗传多样性丰富(A=3.090 9,I=0.889 7,h=0.540 2),种群间的遗传分化显著(Gst=0.277 4);乌头属14种植物表现出了较高的遗传多样性(A=9.909 1,I=1.526 2,h=0.690 5),物种间遗传分化显著(Fst=0.437),基因流微弱(Nm=0.451 8)。(3)聚类分析表明,同一种群的乌头样本首先聚在一起各自形成小支,17个小支聚为一支;13个乌头近缘种材料中,相同物种的样本分别聚为一支;乌头属14个物种聚为5个大支,与形态分类结果一致。(4)利用基因型丰富、多态性高的6对SSR引物(Tchin03、Tchin04Tchin20、Tchin26、Tchin29、Tchin32)可有效区分14种乌头属植物,并以此建立了乌头种质资源和近缘种的DNA指纹图谱。该研究为乌头的种质资源鉴定及混伪品鉴定提供了重要的技术支撑。     

SSR analysis and fingerprint construction to evaluate the genetic diversity of medicinal plum varieties

Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology - As a medicinal and edible plant, the plum (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) plays an important role in the treatment of diseases and human health....     

SRAP标记与形态学标记在西瓜DUS测试中的比较

DUS（特异性、一致性和稳定性）测试是进行新品种申请的必要步骤。本文以28个不同的西瓜品种为研究对象,分别采用21对SRAP引物标记和54个用于DUS测试的形态学标记对其进行遗传多样性分析,其中SRAP引物在不同品种间的多态信息含量（PIC）在52.5%~89.2%之间,平均值为72.0%,计算得到的各材料间相似系数在0.92至0.99之间,而形态学标记统计得到各材料间相关系数在0.50到0.85之间。采用UPGMA法对所有材料进行聚类分析,SRAP分子标记聚类划分成四类,形态学标记将其划分为五类。对两种标记所得的结果进行相关性分析得出两者的相关系数为0.218,表明形态学标记和SRAP标记在这些材料上表现的相关性不是很高,但在品种鉴定和区别上SRAP标记表现出一定的优势,可以作为DUS测试的一种有益补充。     

Construction and analysis of a microsatellite-based database of European wheat varieties

A database of 502 recent European wheat varieties, mainly of winter type, was constructed using 19 wheat microsatellites and one secalin-specific marker. All datapoints were generated in at least two laboratories using different techniques for fragment analysis. An overall level of >99.5% accuracy was achieved. The 199 alleles detected allowed discrimination between all of the varieties except duplicates, and varieties derived from identical parents. Approximately 25% of the varieties showed some heterogeneities, with the highest level of heterogeneity in south-eastern European material. The highest genetic diversity and the highest number of rare alleles were found in varieties from southern Europe. The relative allele frequencies varied for most microsatellites in different geographical regions.     

Use of SSR markers to complement tests of distinctiveness, uniformity, and stability (DUS) of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) varieties

This study was carried out to assess the potential of SSR markers for variety identification by comparing SSR markers and morphological traits in tests of distinctiveness, uniformity, and stability (DUS) of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) varieties. Twenty-seven SSR markers were polymorphic in 66 pepper varieties, revealing a total of 89 alleles. Average polymorphism information content (PIC) value was 0.529, ranging from 0.03 to 0.877. Cluster analysis of the band patterns separated the varieties into three groups corresponding to varietal types. Morphological trait-based clustering showed some degree of similarity to dendrogram topologies based on the SSR index. However, no significance correlation was found between the SSR and morphological data. SSR markers could be used to complement a DUS test of a candidate variety and to select complimentary varieties by pre-screening existing varieties in the context of protecting new varieties of pepper.     

Construction and use of a computerized DNA fingerprint database for lactic acid bacteria from silage

Efficient selection of new silage inoculant strains from a collection of over 10,000 isolates of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) requires excellent strain discrimination. Toward that end, we constructed a GelCompar II database of DNA fingerprint patterns of ethidium bromide-stained EcoRI fragments of total LAB DNA separated by conventional agarose gel electrophoresis. We found that the total DNA patterns were strain-specific; 56/60 American Type Culture Collection strains of 33 species of LAB could be distinguished. Enterococcus faecium strains ATCC19434 and ATCC35667 had identical total DNA patterns and RiboPrints. Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains ATCC7469 and ATCC27773 also had identical total DNA patterns, but different RiboPrints. EcoRI RiboPrint patterns could distinguish only about 9/23 Lactobacillus plantarum strains and about 6/10 Lactobacillus buchneri strains, whereas all 33 strains could be distinguished by EcoRI total DNA patterns. Despite gel-to-gel variation, new DNA patterns can be readily grouped with existing patterns using GelCompar II. The database contains large homogenous clusters of L. plantarum, E. faecium, L. buchneri, Lactobacillus brevis and Pediococcus species that can be used for tentative taxonomic assignment. We routinely use the DNA fingerprint database to identify and characterize new strains, eliminate duplicate isolates and for quality control of inoculant product strains. The GelCompar II database has been in continuous use for 7 years and contains more than 3600 patterns representing approximately 700 unique patterns from over 300 gels and is the largest computerized DNA fingerprint database for LAB yet reported.     

测序水稻品种SSR遗传连锁图谱的构建及其农艺性状基因座分析

利用测序水稻品种"Nipponbare（粳）/广陆矮4号（籼）"杂交F2群体90个单株为作图群体,构建含148个SSR标记的水稻遗传连锁图谱,覆盖基因组全长1737.81cM,标记间平均距11.90cM。利用该图谱及Excel2000和Mapmaker/QTL1.1b软件对分蘖数、穗数、穗长、主穗长、株高、剑叶长等六个农艺性状间的相互关系和基因位点进行分析,结果在LOD>2.2和P<0.005的条件下共检测到28个QTLs,它们分布在水稻所有染色体上,单个QTL对性状的分子贡献率11.1%-42.9%,其中大于20%有10个,并对选用已测序材料为亲本构建图谱来探讨水稻农艺性状的分子基础及其育种意义进行了讨论。     

SSR mining in oil palm EST database: application in oil palm germplasm diversity studies

This study reports on the detection of additional expressed sequence tags (EST) derived simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for the oil palm. A large collection of 19243 Elaeis guineensis ESTs were assembled to give 10258 unique sequences, of which 629 ESTs were found to contain 722 SSRs with a variety of motifs. Dinucleotide repeats formed the largest group (45.6%) consisting of 66.9% AG/CT, 21.9% AT/AT, 10.9% AC/GT and 0.3% CG/CG motifs. This was followed by trinucleotide repeats, which is the second most abundant repeat types (34.5%) consisting of AAG/CTT (23.3%), AGG/CCT (13.7%), CCG/CGG (11.2%), AAT/ATT (10.8%), AGC/GCT (10.0%), ACT/AGT (8.8%), ACG/CGT (7.6%), ACC/GGT (7.2%), AAC/GTT (3.6%) and AGT/ACT (3.6%) motifs. Primer pairs were designed for 405 unique EST-SSRs and 15 of these were used to genotype 105 E. guineensis and 30 E. oleifera accessions. Fourteen SSRs were polymorphic in at least one germplasm revealing a total of 101 alleles. The high percentage (78.0%) of alleles found to be specific for either E. guineensis or E. oleifera has increased the power for discriminating the two species. The estimates of genetic differentiation detected by EST-SSRs were compared to those reported previously. The transferability across palm taxa to two Cocos nucifera and six exotic palms is also presented. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of three primer-pairs detected in E. guineensis, E. oleifera, C. nucifera and Jessinia bataua were cloned and sequenced. Sequence alignments showed mutations within the SSR site and the flanking regions. Phenetic analysis based on the sequence data revealed that C. nucifera is closer to oil palm compared to J. bataua; consistent with the taxanomic classification.     

SSR与SRAP标记在玉米品种鉴定中的比较研究

利用SSR标记和SRAP标记对19个玉米品种及8份莱农15样品进行了分析,比较了2种标记的分辨能力及在亲缘关系和杂交种纯度鉴定中的表现.与SSR标记相比,SRAP标记用于玉米品种鉴定扩增住点数量更多,PIC值更高,具有更高的分辨率;在亲缘关系分析方面,SSR检测的遗传距离变幅更大,2种标记计算的遗传距离呈极显著正相关,分类结果基本一致;在杂交种纯度检测中,SRAP标记的期望位点在杂交种群体中检测率高于SSR标记相应位点,检测杂交种纯度结果更接近田问种植鉴定,因而准确度更高.SRAP在玉米品种鉴定中具有一定的优势,可作为SSR标记技术的有益补充,特别是在杂交种纯度鉴定中应用.     

流域尺度海量生态环境数据建库关键技术——以塔里木河流域为例

流域尺度海量生态环境数据库构建是生态环境精准化研究的基础。以塔里木河流域生态环境数据库构建为例,对流域尺度海量生态环境数据建库的无缝数据拼接、建库规范设计、要素代码设计、空间索引设计、特征展示表及一键入库设计等关键技术进行了探讨。针对流域跨带裂缝问题,从缝隙源出发,通过分离物理数据层和逻辑数据层并区分矢量数据和栅格数据,在统一的多尺度空间框架体系下实现了海量数据的跨带无缝拼接;数据库规范设计和要素代码设计是数据入库前的关键工作,针对流域实际,分别采用规范化英文字母和图形数据比例尺设置数据库命名规范和建立代码标准;在ArcSDE框架下,采用格网索引设计和多级金字塔结构分别构建矢量数据和栅格数据的空间索引,提高了数据的快速检索和浏览;通过建立特征展示表并提出"一键入库"策略,提高了系统响应及数据入库效率等。通过构建流域尺度海量生态环境数据库系统,实现了流域尺度多源、多类型、跨带海量生态环境数据的有效存储和管理,为流域一体化管理和生态环境研究提供了基础数据支撑。