星海链霉菌抑菌活性物质的分离纯化

星海链霉菌(Streptomyces xinghaiensis)是从大连星海湾海泥样品中分离的海洋链霉菌新种,其发酵液具有广谱抗菌活性。研究该菌株的发酵液对临床分离的耐药菌的抑制活性,发现星海链霉菌发酵液对鲍曼不动杆菌和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌菌株具有抑制活性。采用SPE、大孔吸附树脂HP-20、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20、HPLC、TLC等对抗耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的物质进行了活性追踪,发现活性物质为弱碱性水溶性成分,无特征紫外吸收,可被茚三酮显色,推断活性物质可能为氨基糖苷类化合物。对星海链霉菌基因组序列进行初步分析,发现一个与核糖霉素生物合成基因簇相似性较高的基因簇,但TLC分析结果表明,活性化合物与核糖霉素不同。     

一株抗小鼠乳腺癌和一株有抑菌活性的北极细菌的初步研究*

从采自北极的海泥、海水样品中共分离得到101株低温细菌,采用小鼠温敏型乳腺癌tsFT210细胞株和纸片扩散法对其进行了抗肿瘤和抑菌活性筛选,得到抗肿瘤活性细菌1株,抑菌活性菌株8株,并对其中抑菌活性较强的一株细菌AR084的适宜发酵条件、活性物质的稳定性进行了初步研究,确定了其培养条件。报道了北极海洋微生物的抗肿瘤和抑菌活性,且抑菌活性尚未见有报道。由此表明,极地微生物是潜在的活性物质的来源,在基础研究和开发应用方面具有广阔的前景。     

一株抗小鼠乳腺癌和一株有抑菌活性的北极细菌的初步研究

从采自北级的海泥、海水样品中共分离得到101株低温细菌,采用小鼠温敏型乳腺癌tsFT210细胞株和纸片扩散法对其进行了抗肿瘤和抑菌活性筛选,得到抗肿瘤活性细菌1株,抑茼活性菌株8株,并对其中抑菌活性较强的一株细菌AR084的适宜发酵条件、活性物质的稳定性进行了初步研究,确定了其培养条件。报道了北极海洋微生物的抗肿瘤和抑菌活性,且抑菌活性尚未见有报道。由此表明,极地微生物是潜在的活性物质的来源,在基础研究和开发应用方面具有广阔的前景。     

天山花楸内生真菌的分离及其抗菌活性物质的初步研究

采用组织块分离法从天山花楸茎、叶、果实中分离出17株内生真菌,分别运用对峙培养法和菌丝生长速率法进行初筛、复筛和抑菌活性试验,为抗菌活性菌株的应用以及抗菌物质的分离提纯奠定基础。结果表明:(1)菌株L18对棉花枯萎病菌和棉花黄萎病菌的抑菌作用较强。(2)形态学特征观察和rRNA ITS序列系统发育分析结果初步鉴定菌株L18为波兰青霉(Penicillium polonicum)。(3)该菌株发酵液中抑菌活性物质对温度较敏感,40℃处理后抑菌活性降低至对照的59.1%;对日光不稳定,而对紫外光较稳定;能被蛋白酶降解。(4)乙酸乙酯萃取该抑菌活性物质效果较佳,表明其极性较小,初步推测此活性物质属于蛋白质或肽类物质。     

抗菌豆豉发酵菌株的筛选及其脂肽组分鉴定和特性研究

目的:从豆豉中分离广谱抗菌活性菌株,并鉴定其发酵产物中的抗菌成分.方法:采用生理生化实验结合16SrRNA序列测定法鉴定目标分离株,通过LC-MS和ESI/CID技术对其抗菌组分进行鉴定.结果:从8个豆豉样品中分离出7株具有抗菌活性菌株,其中抗菌活性较强的分离株NT-6为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),其发酵液抗菌提取物的主要成分是抗菌脂肽类物质iturin、fengycin、surfactin同系物的混合物.该提取物对供试革兰氏阳性、阴性细菌、霉菌等指示菌具有广谱的抗菌活性,在pH 2～ 12、121℃条件下加热30min活性不丧失,说明具有广泛的pH适应范围和良好的耐热性.结论:该菌株产生多组分抗菌脂肽,其抑菌谱宽,适应性好,显示了在食品、农业、医药等领域具有良好的应用前景.     

白木香内生真菌的分离鉴定及其抑菌活性

从白木香Aquilaria sinensis（Lour．）Gilg木质部的树脂形成部位和健康部位中共分离获得42株内生真菌,经初步鉴定,产孢的33株分属于3目4科7属,其余未产孢的9株暂归为无孢菌群。采用杯碟法和MTT法分别测定了各菌株的发酵上清液对3种病原菌的体外抑菌活性和2种肿瘤细胞的体外细胞毒活性。结果表明,白木香木质部健康部位内生真菌以枝顶孢霉属为优势属,而树脂形成部位的内生真菌种类比健康部位要多,且以青霉属为优势属。其中26株至少能抑制一种指示菌,占总数的61．9％;7株对指示瘤株具有细胞毒活性,占总数的16．7％。抑菌活性菌株主要分布在枝顶孢霉属和青霉属。枝顶孢霉属菌株抑菌活性较强,其抗菌活性成分值得进一步研究。     

西沙群岛海域海洋放线菌的分离及其抗菌活性

分离西沙群岛海域放线菌并研究其抗菌活性。采用干燥、辐射、冷冻及加热处理等11种样品预处理方式和10种培养基对海洋放线菌进行分离,对代表性菌株进行鉴定,并考察分离放线菌生长的海水依赖性。进一步以金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、啤酒酵母和扩展青霉为指示菌考察分离放线菌的抗菌活性。从西沙群岛海域样品中分离获得放线菌383株,其中专性海洋放线菌23株。选定93株代表菌株进行鉴定,93株菌隶属于9个科,11个属。不同培养基对分离放线菌菌株的数量及种类影响显著。6株放线菌对4种指示菌均有抑菌活性,其中4株为专性海洋放线菌,表明海洋环境具有丰富的放线菌资源,这些放线菌特别是专性海洋放线菌有望为新型抗菌物质的发现与开发提供菌种来源。     

具抑菌活性连翘内生真菌的分离与鉴定

【目的】从药用植物连翘内生真菌中筛选抑菌活性菌株, 并对其主要活性成分进行检测分析。【方法】采用常规组织分离法分离内生真菌, 滤纸片法测定其发酵产物对3种指示细菌的抑菌活性。TLC、HPLC和HPLC-MS检测活性菌株代谢产物中连翘苷成分。根据形态学特征和ITS序列分析鉴定目的菌株。【结果】分离得到的24株内生真菌中抑菌圈直径超过10 mm的菌株, 发酵液组有11株(45.8%), 菌丝体组有19株(79.2%), 活性菌株主要集中在果实内生真菌中, 其中G5、G7和G10表现出较强的抑菌活性。从菌株G10的胞内产物中发现活性成分连翘苷, 将其鉴定为胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides。【结论】连翘内生真菌是天然抗菌活性物质的重要筛选来源。     

一株蜂粮源拮抗细菌的分离鉴定及其抑菌物质特性

【目的】为发掘和利用蜂粮中拮抗菌资源,对分离获得的拮抗细菌菌株PC2进行分类鉴定,并测定其发酵液抑菌物质基本特性。【方法】采用改良牛津杯双层平板法测定菌株发酵液抑菌谱及温度、p H、紫外线和蛋白酶对其抑菌活性稳定性的影响,菌株鉴定结合形态学、生理生化特征和16S r RNA基因序列分析,硫酸铵沉淀法和盐酸沉淀有机溶剂提取法进行抑菌活性物质的初步分离。【结果】从3种蜂粮中分离筛选得到17株拮抗菌株,其中1株细菌PC2以马铃薯葡萄糖液体培养基发酵制备的无菌发酵液对7种供试菌株具有较强抑制作用,经形态、生理生化特征及16S r RNA基因序列分析,将其初步鉴定为解淀粉芽胞杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。菌株发酵液抑菌活性对温度、酸和紫外线具有较强的稳定性,对蛋白酶K、胃蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶处理敏感。菌株发酵液存在抑菌蛋白和脂肽类物质。【结论】菌株PC2在食品保鲜和农业生防中具有潜在的开发应用价值。     

具有抑菌活性的海洋细菌的分离与鉴定

分离并筛选具有抑菌活性的海洋细菌对于开发和利用海洋微生物具有重要意义,该研究从6份海泥样品中共分离到78株海洋细菌,以6种细菌作为敏感指示菌,采用覆盖技术对分离菌株进行拮抗试验,17株海洋细菌具有抑菌活性,对其中2株具有较强抑菌活性的海洋细菌进行革兰氏染色,耐盐试验,运动性观察,过氧化氢酶测定,明胶液化试验,硫化氢产生试验,石蕊牛奶试验,糖类发酵,硝酸盐还原等特性分析,依据《伯杰氏细菌鉴定手册》进行分类鉴定,它们分别应归属为气单孢菌属（Aeromonas sp.）和假单孢菌属（Pseudomonas sp.）。     

枯草芽孢杆菌HS-A38产抗菌脂肽Bacillomycin D的组分分析及鉴定

对一株枯草芽孢杆菌HS-A38产生的脂肽类物质进行分离鉴定及抑菌活性研究。通过酸沉淀分离和有机溶剂抽提的方法,从枯草芽孢杆菌HS-A38发酵液中得到脂肽粗提物LP,产率为1.956 g/L。利用薄层色谱和茚三酮染色法确定该脂肽粗提物中存在四个组分,分别为LP1、LP2、LP3和LP4;抑菌活性检测显示,组分LP3对两株海洋致病菌副溶血性弧菌和铜绿假单胞杆菌的活性较高。组分LP3经硅胶柱层析纯化分离后,应用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)和基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)对该组分做进一步纯化和鉴定。分析表明,LP3样品在保留时间20 min~28 min产生单峰团LP3-1,其纯度为85.24%;经MALDI-TOF-MS分析和数据比对,组分LP3-1中的主要成分为杆菌霉素Bacillomycin D。     

海洋细菌抗菌和细胞毒活性的初步研究

从不同海域的生物、海水和海泥中分离海洋细菌,利用琼脂扩散法和MTT法对细菌培养液的乙酸乙酯提取物进行了抗菌和细胞毒活性筛选。比较了活性菌株与来源的相关性．结果表明,在分离的341株海洋细菌中。42株细菌的代谢产物具有抗菌活性,7株具有细胞毒活性,其中来源于海洋无脊椎动物和海藻的活性菌株比例(22％和11％)大于来源于海水和海泥的细菌(7％和5％)．细菌分类鉴定结果显示,具有活性的细菌大部分属于假单胞菌属、发光杆菌属、梭状芽孢杆菌属、交替单胞菌属和黄杆菌属．     

海洋侧孢短芽孢杆菌Lh-1抗菌活性物质的分离及特性研究

采用超滤、DEAE-Sephadex A25和CM-Sepharose FF离子交换层析及HPLC反相层析等步骤得到了海洋侧孢短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus laterosporus)Lh-1的抗菌活性物质,命名为R-1。HPLC纯化出的抗菌物质经质谱测定其分子量为1608.023Da,BIO-RAD等电聚焦测得其pI为8.55,氨基酸分析表明该物质由Leu、Tyr、Val、Ile、Lys、Gly、Met、Ser、Ala9种氨基酸组成。该抗菌物质具有极强的耐热、耐酸碱特性,在pH11.0~12.0条件下,121℃处理1h,其活力保持在75%以上。经3种蛋白酶(碱性蛋白酶、胰酶、胃蛋白酶)处理后,活性保持在80%以上。茚三酮反应阳性。推测R-1可能是低分子量的脂肽。抑菌试验表明对食品腐败菌、致病性革兰氏阴性、阳性菌及少数真菌均有抑菌活性。     

海洋侧孢短芽孢杆菌Brevibacillus laterosporus Lh-1 产抗菌肽R-1的培养条件优化

采用Plackett-Burman(PB)设计和响应面分析(RSM)方法, 对一株海洋侧孢短芽孢杆菌Lh-1产抗菌肽R-1的发酵条件进行了优化。研究中数据的统计和分析均使用MINITAB 15.0。在研究中, 首先使用了Plackett-Burman (PB)设计对影响Lh-1产抗菌肽的15个因素进行了筛选, 得到了影响产量的显著因素为：葡萄糖、蛋白胨和氯化钙。在此基础上采用响应面法对该3个显著因素的最佳水平范围进行研究, 得到的最佳浓度为 15.72 g/L 葡萄糖、6.01 g/L 蛋白胨和3.29     

Antibiotic activity of marine gram-negative bacteria]

An antimicrobial substance was isolated from the culture fluid of Vibrio fischeri belonging to ++gram-negative sea bacteria. The substance was shown to be highly active against ++gram-positive cocci and less active against some other ++gram-positive bacteria and fungi. The active substance was defined as a low molecular weight compound which appeared to be thermostable and had positive ninhydrin reaction. The antibiotic formed when the culture was grown in the media containing sea water and protein hydrolysates or yeast extract during the exponential phase. The maximum antibiotic activity was observed during the stationary phase of culture development.     

渤海湾仿刺参养殖圈内贝莱斯芽胞杆菌B-VE的分离鉴定及其产抗菌脂肽的研究

为分离筛选具有广谱抑菌作用的细菌并研究其抗菌物质,实验利用琼脂扩散法和牛津杯法,以溶壁微球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞杆菌、大肠埃希菌为指示菌,从渤海湾大连海域仿刺参养殖圈中分离筛选出9株活性菌,2株具有广谱抑菌效果,其中1株抑菌效果最强.通过形态学和分子生物学检测分析,鉴定该菌株为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌(Bacillus ...     

广谱高效抑菌物质产生菌的筛选及鉴定

本实验从营养丰富的土壤中经初筛分离到60株具有抑菌活性的细菌, 在此基础上通过琼脂打孔扩散法进行复筛, 获得一株具有广谱抑菌活性的菌株, 经理化指标及16S rDNA序列测定和同源分析鉴定为侧孢短芽孢杆菌, 命名为S62-9.     

唾液酸糖肽的研究进展

唾液酸糖肽(SGP)是一种含有唾液酸寡糖链的N-糖肽,是蛋黄中的主要组成部分。由于其分支型糖链的结构和唾液酸化糖链的存在,SGP及其相关物质有较好的抗细菌和抗病毒作用。以SGP为基础合成SGP的衍生物,有望成为新的预防性抗细菌和抗病毒药物。我们简要综述了SGP的抗菌、抗病毒研究,SGP相关衍生物的合成及其抗菌、抗病毒的机制。     

Antimicrobial potential of a lipopeptide biosurfactant derived from a marine Bacillus circulans

Aims: To isolate the biologically active fraction of the lipopeptide biosurfactant produced by a marine Bacillus circulans and study its antimicrobial potentials. Methods and Results: The marine isolate B. circulans was cultivated in glucose mineral salts medium and the crude biosurfactant was isolated by chemical isolation method. The crude biosurfactants were solvent extracted with methanol and the methanol extract was subjected to reverse phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The crude biosurfactants resolved into six major fractions in HPLC. The sixth HPLC fraction eluting at a retention time of 27·3 min showed the maximum surface tension‐reducing property and reduced the surface tension of water from 72 mNm^?1 to 28 mNm^?1. Only this fraction was found to posses bioactivity and showed a pronounced antimicrobial action against a panel of Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative pathogenic and semi‐pathogenic micro‐organisms including a few multidrug‐resistant (MDR) pathogenic clinical isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of this antimicrobial fraction of the biosurfactant were determined for these test organisms. The biosurfactant was found to be active against Gram‐negative bacteria such as Proteus vulgaris and Alcaligens faecalis at a concentration as low as 10 μg ml^?1. The biosurfactant was also active against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and other MDR pathogenic strains. The chemical identity of this bioactive biosurfactant fraction was determined by post chromatographic detection using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and also by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The antimicrobial HPLC fraction resolved as a single spot on TLC and showed positive reaction with ninhydrin, iodine and rhodamine‐B reagents, indicating its lipopeptide nature. IR absorption by this fraction also showed similar and overlapping patterns with that of other lipopeptide biosurfactants such as surfactin and lichenysin, proving this biosurfactant fraction to be a lipopeptide. The biosurfactant did not show any haemolytic activity when tested on blood agar plates, unlike the lipopeptide biosurfactant surfactin produced by Bacillus subtilis. Conclusions: The biosurfactant produced by marine B. circulans had a potent antimicrobial activity against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative pathogenic and semi‐pathogenic microbial strains including MDR strains. Only one of the HPLC fractions of the crude biosurfactants was responsible for its antimicrobial action. The antimicrobial lipopeptide biosurfactant fraction was also found to be nonhaemolytic in nature. Significance and impact of the study: This work presents a nonhaemolytic lipopeptide biosurfactant produced by a marine micro‐organism possessing a pronounced antimicrobial action against a wide range of bacteria. There is a high demand for new antimicrobial agents because of the increased resistance shown by pathogenic micro‐organisms against the existing antimicrobial drugs. This study provides an insight into the search of new bioactive molecules from marine micro‐organisms.     

A new marine microorganism strain L0804: taxonomy and characterization of active compounds from its metabolite

A new streptomyces strain designated L0804, producing antimicrobial substances, was isolated from marine mud in Qiangang, Jiangsu province, China. On the basis of cellular morphology, physiological and chemotaxonomic characterization and phylogenetic similarity of 16S rDNA gene sequences, the strain L0804 was identified as Streptomyces roseogilvus var. marine. However, the phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain L0804 represents a distinct phyletic line suggesting a new genomic species. Two antimicrobial compounds were isolated and purified from the strain L0804 culture broth using various separation procedures. The two active compounds were elucidated by HPLC, UV–VIS, IR and NMR spectroscopy. One was a mixture of at least three compounds belonging to alkaloids homologue, the other was griseoviridin. The antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of the two active compounds were compared. The results showed that strain L0804 was a new potential marine microorganism producing griseoviridin. Simultaneously, strain L0804 can also produce valuable substance of alkaloids homologue.