放疗联合食管支架对晚期食道癌患者预后影响的COX分析

目的:分析放疗联合食管支架对晚期食道癌患者预后影响。方法:选取我院收治晚期食道癌患者90例,经西医诊断标准经病理学及CT检查确诊为晚期食道癌,根据治疗方法不同分为实验组(放疗联合食管支架术)与对照组(食管支架术)。比较患者肝、肾功能,及生存率。采用Cox分析法对患者预后与放疗的相关性分析。结果:两组患者半年、1年、3年、5年生存率相比较,实验组与对照组相比较,生存率升高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);经COX分析,食管癌患者的生存率与患者的淋巴结转移书、TNM分期以及是否放疗有关(P0.05);经COX分析后可见,是否有食管瘘、是否根治术、病理分型、TNM分期、是否放疗为影响食管癌患者生存的独立影响因素(P0.05)。结论:是否有食管瘘、是否根治术、病理分型、TNM分期、是否放疗是食管癌患者生存的独立影响因素。术后的放疗治疗对患者的生存有积极意义。     

覆膜支架封堵治疗食管胃吻合口- 胸腔瘘的临床疗效

目的:探讨采用自膨式覆膜支架封堵治疗食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘的临床价值及其安全性。方法:6例经碘水造影检查证实的食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘患者,植入覆膜支架后,持续性胸腔引流,抗感染治疗。结果:6例患者共植入7枚支架,支架展开良好,1枚移位。有效率6/7(86%)。置入覆膜支架后,既封堵了瘘口又解决了进食问题,控制了感染。结论:采用自膨式覆膜支架封堵治疗食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘具有较高的临床价值及安全性。     

肠外置术治疗结肠损伤并发症的护理体会

目的探讨肠外置术治疗结肠损伤并发症的护理体会。方法对2015年3月~2016年11月我院收治行造瘘口腹膜外还纳术7例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 7例患者在初始手术时均行穿孔部肠外置术或吻合口近端肠双筒造瘘术,术后患者均一期愈合,顺利康复出院。结论优质护理措施用于肠外置术患者并发症护理中,可有效提高临床治疗效果,缩短患者康复时间,提高患者生活质量,提高护理满意度,值得临床应用。     

三种术式重建食管治疗食管癌和贲门癌的临床研究

目的:提高食管癌和贲门癌的根治切除率和临床治愈率,预防吻合口瘘。方法:设计了Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三种术式:上、中段食管癌采用右胸前外侧切口,经第3或4肋间开胸,左腹直肌旁或左肋弓下斜切口开腹和右颈部切口,保留2～3cm颈段食管,食管次全切除,贲门部或部分胃切除,在颈部食管胃端侧分层吻合(Ⅰ式)。中段食管癌采用左胸前外侧切口,经第4或第5肋间开胸,腹部切口同前,左颈部切口,保留3～4cm颈段食管,食管次全切除,部分胃切除,在左颈部食管胃端侧分层吻合(Ⅱ式)。贲门癌采用左胸前外侧切口,经第5或4肋间开胸,腹部切口同前,中段食管和近半胃或纵半胃切除,在主动脉弓下食管胃端侧分层吻合(Ⅲ式)。尽可能清除区域淋巴结,吻合口均用大网膜包盖加固。结果:食管癌和贲门癌总切除率92．1%(174/189),其中根治性切除率为75．1%(142/189),探查率(未切除)为7．9%(15/189),三种术式的总吻合口瘘发生率为4．0%(7/174),无围手术期死亡。结论:三种术式可提高根治性切除率,大网膜包盖加固吻合口可减少瘘的发生率,食管胃分层吻合法可降低吻合口狭窄的发生率,临床治愈率高,围手术期死亡率低。     

覆膜支架封堵治疗食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘的临床疗效

目的：探讨采用自膨式覆膜支架封堵治疗食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘的,临床价值及其安全性。方法：6例经碘水造影检查证实的食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘患者,植入覆膜支架后,持续性胸腔引流,抗感染治疗。结果：6例患者共植入7枚支架,支架展开良好,1枚移位。有效率6／7（86％）。置入覆膜支架后,既封堵了瘘口又解决了进食问题,控制了感染。结论：采用自膨式覆膜支架封堵治疗食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘具有较高的临床价值及安全性。     

管状胃代食管术与全胃代食管术治疗食管癌的安全性与有效性对比

目的:对比管状胃代食管术与全胃代食管术治疗食管癌的安全性与有效性。方法:2005年1月到2015年2月选择我院收治的100例食管癌患者,根据随机数字表法分为治疗组与对照组各50例,所有患者都行食管癌切除术,同时对照组给予全胃代食管手术,治疗组给予管状胃代食管术,对两组患者围手术指标、并发症及生活质量状况进行观察比较。结果:所有患者完成手术,治疗组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后胃肠减压时间及术后闭式引流时间都明显少于对照组(P0.05)。治疗组术后3个月反流性食管炎、胃排空障碍、胸胃综合征、吻合口狭窄、吻合口瘘等并发症发生情况明显少于对照组(P0.05),日常生活、一般状况、治疗相关症状、社会影响、情感活动评分都明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:相对于全胃代食管术,管状胃代食管术在治疗食管癌患者中的应用具有更好的安全性与有效性,值得进一步临床研究与推广。     

食管穿孔外科治疗22例临床分析

目的:探讨食管穿孔的诊断、临床特征与外科治疗方法.方法:回顾分析1999年-2009年我院收治的食管穿孔22例.结果:本组病例4例保守治疗,2例行颈部脓肿切开引流,8例行单纯食管穿孔修补术,3例行纵隔及胸腔脓肿清除术并引流,1例行食管下段切除、胃代食管弓上吻合术,2例行食管修补并肺叶切除,2例行空肠双管造瘘加纵隔胸腔引流,2例因经济原因放弃治疗出院.治愈19例,治愈率86.3%,死亡1例,死亡率4.5%.结论:早期诊断和及时采取正确的处理措施是提高本病治愈率,降低死亡率的关键.     

乙状结肠癌经腹膜内造瘘与经腹膜外造瘘的临床疗效及并发症的预防

目的:探讨乙状结肠经腹膜内造瘘与经腹膜外造瘘的对比分析及造口并发症的预防。方法:选取我院收治的行肛管直肠下段恶性肿瘤切除术的患者127例,根据造瘘方式不同将患者分为两组,实验组72例予以经腹膜外造瘘,对照组55例予经腹膜内造口术,观察并比较两组患者的术中情况,术后并发症,以及术后排便功能,来评价两种造瘘方法的效果。结果:与对照组比较,实验组术中、术后并发症均降低,术后排便功能改善显著,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:经腹膜外乙状结肠造口较经腹膜内乙状结肠造口的术中情况明显改善,且并发症减少,能够较好的控便和排便,值得临床推广使用。     

改良输液架准确调控床头高度在食管癌术后患者中的应用

目的探讨改良输液架准确调控床头高度在食管癌术后患者中规范医患依从性以及术后恢复和临床护理的效能。方法将150例食管癌术后患者随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组用改良输液架准确调控床头高度,对照组不制定特定的调控方法,按常规操作,比较两组在护士依从性、患者依从性、患者吻合口瘘、皮肤完整性受损、胃食管反流、肺部并发症等方面的差异。结果实验组护士依从性、患者依从性分别为98.7%、97.3%,均高于对照组的89.3%、86.7%,差异有统计学意义;两组在吻合口瘘(实验组2.7%,对照组10.7%,P=0.043)、皮肤完整性受损(实验组4.0%,对照组13.3%,P=0.037)、胃食管反流(实验组6.7%,对照组17.3%,P=0.044)、肺部并发症发生率(实验组9.3%,对照组21.3%,P=0.041)方面比较,实验组均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义。结论改良输液架准确调控床头高度可规范卧位护理实施,提高卧位护理质量,减少食管癌患者术后并发症,促进术后恢复。     

自膨式食管金属加膜支架治疗恶性食管狭窄和气管食管瘘

目的:探讨自膨式食管金属加膜支架治疗恶性食管狭窄和气管食管瘘的疗效和并发症。方法:2004年1月至2009年6月对63例恶性食管狭窄和气管食管瘘患者实施食管支架置入,男45例,女28例;年龄45～81岁,平均69.3岁。支架为MTN型形状记忆钛镍合金食管加膜支架(南京微创医学科技有限公司生产),支架植入均在DSA监视下操作完成。结果:63例均一次性放置成功,即刻口服造影通过顺利剂。结论:自膨式食管金属加膜支架是治疗恶性食管狭窄和气管食管瘘的有效方法。     

Esophageal Atresia and Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula — 25 Years' Experience and Current Management

A review of the experience with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula over a 25-year period appears to lead to the advisability of the following procedures in surgical management:• Emergency gastrostomy under local anesthesia in all patients.• Extrapleural interruption of tracheo-esophageal fistula and end-to-end esophago-esophagostomy in patients who have the common type of upper esophageal atresia with distal tracheo-esophageal fistula.• Upper esophageal stretching and eventual esophago-esophagostomy in patients with proximal and distal esophageal atresia with or without proximal tracheo-esophageal fistula.     

食管癌三维适形放疗和常规放疗比较

目的对比研究三维适形放疗（3DCRT）和常规模拟机定位放疗两种不同方法在食管癌放射治疗中的优缺点。方法 20例食管癌患者采用3DCRT方法进行治疗,应用同一治疗计划系统,制定适形放疗和常规模拟机定位放疗方案。结果与常规模拟定位机定位放疗相比,食管癌照射中3DCRT有最好的剂量分布,既可明显提高靶区的剂量,同时能较好地保护正常组织。结论食管癌的适形放疗技术能降低正常组织的放射损伤和并发症,提高放疗治疗的适形度,改善靶区的剂量分布。     

Randomised comparison of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and nasogastric tube feeding in patients with persisting neurological dysphagia.

OBJECTIVE--To compare percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and nasogastric tube feeding in patients with persisting neurological dysphagia. DESIGN--Randomised 28 day study of inpatients requiring long term enteral nutrition. SETTING--Three Glasgow teaching hospitals. SUBJECTS--40 patients with dysphagia for at least four weeks secondary to neurological disorders: 20 patients (10 women) were randomised to nasogastric feeding and 20 (eight women) to endoscopic gastrostomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Treatment failure (blocked or displaced tubes on three or more occasions or refusal to continue treatment); duration of feeding; intake of liquid diets; complications; nutritional status at end of trial. RESULTS--One patient in each group died before starting feeding. Treatment failure occurred in 18 of the 19 nasogastric patients and in none of the gastrostomy group. The mean (SE) duration of feeding for the nasogastric group was 5.2 (1.5) days. No complications occurred in the nasogastric group but three (16%) of the gastrostomy group developed minor problems (aspiration pneumonia (two patients) wound infection (one)). Gastrostomy patients received a significantly greater proportion of their prescribed feed (93% (2%)) compared with the nasogastric group, (55% (4%); p less than 0.001) and also gained significantly more weight after seven days of feeding (1.4 (0.5) kg v 0.6 (0.1) kg; p less than 0.05). Analyses at days 14, 21, and 28 were not possible due to the small numbers remaining in the nasogastric group. CONCLUSION--Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube feeding is a safe and effective method of providing long term enteral nutrition to patients with neurological dysphagia and offers important advantages over nasogastric tube feeding.     

自膨式食管金属加膜支架治疗恶性食管狭窄和气管食管瘘

目的：探讨自膨式食管金属加膜支架治疗恶性食管狭窄和气管食管瘘的疗效和并发症。方法：2004年1月至2009年6月对63例恶性食管狭窄和气管食管瘘患者实施食管支架置入,男45例,女28例;年龄45～81岁,平均69.3岁。支架为MTN型形状记忆钛镍合金食管加膜支架（南京微创医学科技有限公司生产）,支架植入均在DSA监视下操作完成。结果：63例均一次性放置成功,即刻口服造影通过顺利剂。结论：自膨式食管金属加膜支架是治疗恶性食管狭窄和气管食管瘘的有效方法。     

犬获得性食管气管瘘模型建立及食管双瓣修补术实验研究

目的:1.建立犬食管气管瘘动物模型;2.观察食管壁双瓣修补气管缺损术局部组织病理学改变、愈合情况及该术式的治疗效果。方法:犬16只,随机分为2组,实验组(12只)建立犬食管气管瘘动物模型,行食管壁双瓣修补气管缺损术,对照组(4只)正常犬作为空白对照,术后支气管镜检查,术后1,2,8周处死动物,观察实验动物一般情况、修补局部的大体改变和组织病理学改变,测定气管狭窄指数。结果:成功建立了犬食管气管瘘动物模型;食管双瓣修补术后,实验组动物呛咳症状消失,均存活至预定时间,修补瓣和气管之间愈合良好,修补瓣血供良好,未出现气管狭窄情况,气管通畅度良好。结论:通过手术方式建立食管气管瘘模型方法可靠;食管双瓣修补术治疗TEF效果良好,值得进一步研究及推广。     

Association of tracheoesophageal anomalies with visceral and parietal malformations in a human embryo (Carnegie stage 21)

A human embryo (Carnegie stage 21) with tracheoesophageal malformations (esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula) and anomalies at the caudal end of the embryo (anorectal atresia, rectovesical fistula, vertebral and notochordal defects, and agenesis of the metanephros) was studied. Other anomalies observed were: absence of right umbilical artery, fusion of spinal ganglia, and absence of cloacal outlet of mesonephric ducts. The possible pathogenesis of these associated malformations is discussed.     

Gastrostomy in patients with prion disease

Patients with prion diseases can live for long periods of time in a state of akinetic mutism given appropriate management of their symptoms. To study symptom support in these cases, we performed gastrostomies on 3 patients with V180I genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) who had become akinetic and mute, and compared them to 14 other similar patients being fed by tube. In the 3 gastrostomy cases, there were no direct complications due to the gastrostomy or tube feeding, nor were there episodes of discontinuation of tube feeding or initiation of continuous drip infusion due to severe complications. Antibiotics were administered for mild infections, a complication of CJD, with 0.2% and 8.8% of the total time after gastrostomy being used for intravenous or transluminal administration, respectively. We compared the present patient series with that of our previous report statistically, and found that patients undergoing gastrostomy required significantly fewer discontinuations of tube feeding than those who did not. No significant difference in antibiotic administration was found between groups, however. It is our conclusion that gastrostomy should be allowed for symptom support in akinetic patients with prion disease, but adequate informed consent must be provided to the patient's family.     

食管癌三维适形放疗前后肺功能、生活质量的变化及放射性肺炎的影响因素分析

目的:探讨食管癌三维适形放疗前后肺功能、生活质量的变化及放射性肺炎的影响因素.方法:收集2017年11月～2019年11月在我院进行三维适形放疗的食管癌患者102例,对患者放疗前后的肺功能进行检测对比,并采用生活质量评价简袁(QLQ-C30)对患者放疗前后的生活质量进行评估对比.统计患者放疗后放射性肺炎的发生率,根据患...     

Tissue engineering interventions for esophageal disorders — Promises and challenges

The diseases of the esophagus include congenital defects like atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula as well as others such as gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett's esophagus, carcinoma and strictures. All esophageal disorders require surgical intervention and reconstruction with appropriate substitutes. Primary anastomosis is used to treat most cases but treatment of long gap atresia still remains a clinical challenge. Autologous graft therapies using tissues from colon, and small and large intestine or gastric transplantations have been attempted but have constraints like leakage, infection and stenosis at the implanted site, which leads to severe morbidity and mortality. An alternative for autologous grafts are allogenic and xenogenic grafts, which have better availability but disease transmission and immunogenicity limit their applications. Use of biodegradable and biocompatible scaffolds to engineer the esophagus promises to be an effective regenerative strategy for treatment of esophageal disorders. Nanotopography of the fibrous scaffolds mimics the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) of the tissue and incorporation of chemical cues and tailoring mechanical properties provide the right microenvironment for co-culture of different cell types. Scaffolds cultured with esophageal cells (epithelial cells, fibroblast and smooth muscle cells) might show enhancement of the biofunctionality in vivo. This review attempts to address the various strategies and challenges involved in successful tissue engineering of the esophagus.