数字化技术在人体解剖学教学中的运用分析

21世纪新科技革命的到来,医学与数字化技术结合的迅猛发展,对现代临床医学以及医学教育产生了重要作用。数字化技术以其直观性、生动性以及信息量庞大的优势为医学教育领域占据一席之地,在人体解剖学教学过程中引入数字化教学手段,利用数字化模拟人体技术增强教学效果,提高教学质量。数字化技术成为医学人体解剖教学中最重要的教学手段。本文首先简要解释数字化虚拟人体技术,并分析了数字化技术运用于人体解剖学中的优势,再详细阐述了该技术在人体解剖教学中的实践应用,最后对该技术的发展前景做预测。     

近红外光谱技术在生物学研究中的应用

分析了利用近红外(NIR)光谱技术进行生物学研究的原理与优势,概述了这一技术在生物体成分的定量分析、生物生理与病理信息的获取以及分类鉴定等领域中的应用,并讨论了其在生物学研究中的局限性与前景.     

生物技术专业微生物遗传学教学改革初探

当前信息技术对教育观念、教育方式、学习活动、教育模式、教学目标都带来变革 ,我们对当前生物技术专业微生物遗传学的教学进行改革探索 ,使之适应目前信息社会教育的要求。从教学内容、教学方法与考核方式 3个方面介绍我们的改革内容 ,供同行指正。     

药用植物保育云服务平台设计与实现

药用植物资源是中医药事业和生物医药产业赖以生存和发展的重要资源,同时也是我国的中医药文化遗产的载体。而药用植物资源的保育工作是药植资源可持续性开发与应用的基础。随着生物信息学与信息化技术的快速发展,利用包括云计算在内的新兴信息化技术,在传统种质资源保护与管理等方面的应用越来越多,然而,在药用植物资源保育方面还有待开发与应用。利用云计算、数据库应用及生物信息学等相关技术,对我国药用植物资源的保育数据进行信息化及平台建设,构建药用植物保育云服务平台系统。该系统通过收集、整理和加工药用植物资源信息,开展药用植物数据信息化与应用开发,完成药用植物保育云服务平台,可提供药用植物保护及新物种培育等方面信息查询服务。该平台对于药用植物研究相关的数据标准化、保育学科研究,以及信息共享与服务,具有较为重要的应用价值与社会意义。     

信息技术与学科整合的策略分析

随着我国素质教育的不断深化,再加之近些年来信息技术的不断发展,为了使得学生更加适应这个信息化的时代,所以要在中小学中开始普及信息技术。而在普及信息教育的过程中,有一个非常重要的方面,那就是将信息技术与学科进行有效的整合。信息技术与学科整合是进行信息技术教育的一个关键,同时也可以有效地实现信息技术与其它学科的双赢。本文就我国如何有效地进行信息技术与学科的整合做出了研究,旨在提高我国中小学信息技术和其它学科的教学水平,使学生在中小学阶段就能够有良好的信息素养。     

数字化植物园的理论与技术思考—以华南植物园为例

植物园是通过人工模拟区域自然环境和群落结构,实现物种多样性高度富集并进行相关科学研究的机构,也是生物多样性保育、科普教育、资源储存和开发利用的基地。随着信息技术的发展及其在植物园中的应用,将产生数字化植物园。在研究数字化植物园发展历史的基础上,提出广义和狭义的数字化植物园定义,并以华南植物园的数字化建设内容为例,探讨了数字化植物园的信息技术体系、虚拟植物和专类园智能化管理技术等理论与技术体系结构。     

信息技术在生物课程中的应用

2001年,教育部办法的《基础教育课程改革纲要(试行)》中明确提出:"大力推进信息技术与学科课程的整合,逐步实现教学内容的呈现方式、学生的学习方式、教师的教学方式和师生互动方式的变革,充分发挥信息技术的优势,为学生的学习和发展提供丰富多彩的教育环境和有力的学习工具。"     

《医学微生物学》教学中本科生创新思维能力的培养

培养有创新意识和创新能力的本科生是社会对教育的期待,也是发展与提高我国医学教育水平的当务之急。医学教育的一项重要职责,就是培养具有创新精神、创新意识、创新品格、创新思维能力的医学生。其使命是探索医学教育的特征和规律,鼓励和追求新的医学发现。     

数字化虚拟人解剖学教学平台的应用现状

利用计算机辅助教学是我国面向21世纪高等教育改革的一项重要模式,它对推动和培养具有独立思维和创新精神的高素质人才具有重要作用。数字化虚拟人解剖学教学平台是现代计算机信息技术与医学等学科相互整合的产物,人体的可视化、虚拟化和可控化,是生命科学与信息科学相结合的前沿性科技产物。它的出现必将对数字化医学教育改革以及远程医学教育的发展产生重大影响。     

生物信息学在药物研究和开发中的应用

生物信息学是一门综合性非常强的学科,其中主要包括了生命科学,信息技术、计算机科学、数学理论新算法以及统计学等多种学科,能够有效的建立算法和模型针对生物实验数据加以分析,并以此来确定此类相关的数据当中所具有的生物学科的隐含意义。同时也在这个基础之上研究并开发出了相应的数据分析工具,这些工具能够有效的针对各类信息进行获取和管理,因此也可以称之为一项交叉性的学科。其在新药的研制工作中所具有的功能和优势主要在于能够充分的挖掘出药物所具有的作用和疗效等一系列相关的价值,同时也能够为药物的研究和开发提供相应的参考作用。     

现代生物医学研究中医学研究生“大数据”利用能力的培养

科研能力的水平是我国研究生教育质量的重要指标。现代生物医学研究中呈现的"大数据"特点给研究生科研能力培养提出了新的要求。本文在分析"大数据"基本特点和总结医学科研思维模式在"大数据"影响下发生的转变的基础上,对提高医学研究生获取和利用"大数据"信息的能力提出一些具体建议,希望能够推动医学研究生科研能力的培养。     

vcluster: a framework for auto scalable virtual cluster system in heterogeneous clouds

Cloud computing is an emerging technology and is being widely considered for resource utilization in various research areas. One of the main advantages of cloud computing is its flexibility in computing resource allocations. Many computing cycles can be ready in very short time and can be smoothly reallocated between tasks. Because of this, there are many private companies entering the new business of reselling their idle computing cycles. Research institutes have also started building their own cloud systems for their various research purposes. In this paper, we introduce a framework for virtual cluster system called vcluster which is capable of utilizing computing resources from heterogeneous clouds and provides a uniform view in computing resource management. vcluster is an IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) based cloud resource management system. It distributes batch jobs to multiple clouds depending on the status of queue and system pool. The main design philosophy behind vcluster is cloud and batch system agnostic and it is achieved through plugins. This feature mitigates the complexity of integrating heterogeneous clouds. In the pilot system development, we use FermiCloud and Amazon EC2, which are a private and a public cloud system, respectively. In this paper, we also discuss the features and functionalities that must be considered in virtual cluster systems.     

A strengthening plan for enterprise information security based on cloud computing

Cloud computing environment came about in order to effectively manage and use enormous amount of data that have become available with the development of the Internet. Cloud computing service is widely used not only to manage the users’ IT resources, but also to use enterprise IT resources in an effective manner. Various security threats have occurred while using cloud computing and plans for reaction are much needed, since they will eventually elevate to security threats to enterprise information. Plans to strengthen the security of enterprise information by using cloud security will be proposed in this research. These cloud computing security measures must be supported by the governmental policies. Publications on guidelines to information protection will raise awareness among the users and service providers. System of reaction must be created in order to constantly monitor and to promptly respond to any security accident. Therefore, both technical countermeasures and governmental policy must be supported at the same time. Cloud computing service is expanding more than ever, thus active research on cloud computing security is expected.     

继续医学教育项目" 过程管理模式" 体会

继续医学教育项目是开展继续医学教育的重要形式之一,是卫生专业技术人员获取新知识、新理论、新技术、新方法的重要途径。项目执行的质量将直接体现继续医学教育质量。因此规范项目管理程序,建立有效的运行体系,建立严格奖罚制度,进行"过程跟踪管理"是保证项目执行质量的有效措施。     

多模态医学教育体制下基层影像学人才培训创新模式探索

在医学教育模式多元化背景下,通过将"集中强化培训"和"点线式网络化实战训练"等教学方法相结合,本文着重探索基层卫生机构中影像学医务人员继续教育新模式。通过为基层影像学医务人员提供快速扎实继续教育通道和平台,并在其实际工作中建立实用型会诊学习体系,以形成"精良多元、持续有序"的教育模式,解决基层人员"培训难,提高难,会诊难"的问题。新培训模式能够不断提高基层卫生机构影像学医务人员业务水平,为根本提升基层医疗诊断水平奠定基础。     

IT-based activity in physiology education: an experience from a developing country

Information technology (IT)-based components are included as active learning activities in medical curricula that have been shown to be more effective than most passive learning activities. In developing countries, these activities are not popular compared with developed countries. In this study, an IT-based assignment was carried out in physiology for undergraduates in Sri Lanka. We assessed certain basic IT capabilities before the assignment and found that the capability of using MS Word, e-mail, and the internet was limited to 68.3%, 62.0%, and 49.2% of students, respectively, with 40.8% of students having some other IT capabilities. We found a considerable variation in IT capabilities among the students, which depended on IT learning at schools and the geographical locations where students came from. The main source of IT knowledge for students was an introductory IT course given in the medical school with the second source being private IT learning centers. Response to the IT-based assignment was very poor. The reasons for poor participation included a lack of time due to parallel subjects, poor IT knowledge, and poor IT resource availability. However, students were willing to have optional IT-based components and were aware that IT knowledge is important for medical students as well as doctors. This study shows the importance of improving IT knowledge in students and the need of improving IT resources in medical schools. With these improvements, physiology education can be enriched with more interactive IT-based learning activities, which help students to acquire knowledge more efficiently and effectively in developing countries like Sri Lanka.     

I/O access frequency-aware cache method on KVM/QEMU

Together with the rapid development of IT technology, cloud computing has been considered as the next generation’s computing infrastructure. One of the essential part of cloud computing is the virtual machine technology that enables to reduce the data center cost with better resource utilization. Especially, virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) is receiving explosive attentions from IT markets because of its advantages of easier software management, greater data protection, and lower cost. However, sharing physical resources in VDI to consolidate multiple guest virtual machines (VMs) on a host has a tradeoff that can lead to significant I/O degradation. Optimizing I/O virtualization overhead is a challenging task because it needs to scrutinize multiple software layers between guest VMs and host where those VMs are executing. In this paper, we present a hypervisor-level cache, called hyperCache, which is possible to provide a shortcut in KVM/QEMU. It intercepts I/O requests in the hypervisor and analyses their I/O access patterns to select data retaining high access frequency. Also, it has a capability of maintaining the appropriate cache memory size by utilizing the cache block map. Our experimental results demonstrate that our method improves I/O bandwidth by up to 4.7x over the existing QEMU.     

Getting a head start: the importance of personal genetics education in high schools

With advances in sequencing technology, widespread and affordable genome sequencing will soon be a reality. However, studies suggest that "genetic literacy" of the general public is inadequate to prepare our society for this unprecedented access to our genetic information. As the current generation of high school students will come of age in an era when personal genetic information is increasingly utilized in health care, it is of vital importance to ensure these students understand the genetic concepts necessary to make informed medical decisions. These concepts include not only basic scientific knowledge, but also considerations of the ethical, legal, and social issues that will arise in the age of personal genomics. In this article, we review the current state of genetics education, highlight issues that we believe need to be addressed in a comprehensive genetics education curriculum, and describe our education efforts at the Harvard Medical School-based Personal Genetics Education Project.     

Resource scheduling methods in cloud and fog computing environments: a systematic literature review

In recent years, cloud computing can be considered an emerging technology that can share resources with users. Because cloud computing is on-demand, efficient use of resources such as memory, processors, bandwidth, etc., is a big challenge. Despite the advantages of cloud computing, sometimes it is not a proper choice due to its delay in responding appropriately to existing requests, which led to the need for another technology called fog computing. Fog computing reduces traffic and time lags by expanding cloud services to the network and closer to users. It can schedule resources with higher efficiency and utilize them to impact the user's experience dramatically. This paper aims to survey some studies that have been done in the field of scheduling in fog/cloud computing environments. The focus of this survey is on published studies between 2015 and 2021 in journals or conferences. We selected 71 studies in a systematic literature review (SLR) from four major scientific databases based on their relation to our paper. We classified these studies into five categories based on their traced parameters and their focus area. This classification comprises 1—performance 2—energy efficiency, 3—resource utilization, 4—performance and energy efficiency, and 5—performance and resource utilization simultaneously. 42.3% of the studies focused on performance, 9.9% on energy efficiency, 7.0% on resource utilization, 21.1% on both performance and energy efficiency, and 19.7% on both performance and resource utilization. Finally, we present challenges and open issues in the resource scheduling methods in fog/cloud computing environments.

     

Novel enzymes for the degradation of cellulose

ABSTRACT: The bulk terrestrial biomass resource in a future bio-economy will be lignocellulosic biomass, which is recalcitrant and challenging to process. Enzymatic conversion of polysaccharides in the lignocellulosic biomass will be a key technology in future biorefineries and this technology is currently the subject of intensive research. We describe recent developments in enzyme technology for conversion of cellulose, the most abundant, homogeneous and recalcitrant polysaccharide in lignocellulosic biomass. In particular, we focus on a recently discovered new type of enzymes currently classified as CBM33 and GH61 that catalyze oxidative cleavage of polysaccharides. These enzymes promote the efficiency of classical hydrolytic enzymes (cellulases) by acting on the surfaces of the insoluble substrate, where they introduce chain breaks in the polysaccharide chains, without the need of first "extracting" these chains from their crystalline matrix.