紫铆因靶向EGFR和AuroraA/B信号通路抑制非小细胞肺癌的研究

紫铆因抗多种肿瘤的生物学活性已被广泛研究,但其抑制非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的分子机制还不清楚。研究中,通过MTS和软琼脂集落实验检测紫铆因对非小细胞肺癌细胞停泊依赖和停泊非依赖增殖的影响,利用免疫印迹检测紫铆因处理后非小细胞肺癌表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)信号通路的磷酸化状态,同时采用流式细胞术检测紫铆因对非小细胞肺癌细胞周期演进的影响。研究发现紫铆因剂量依赖性抑制A549和H1650细胞增殖,在抑制EGFR信号通路磷酸化活化的同时下调EGFR总蛋白及EGFR在胞膜和胞核的表达,而且紫铆因下调AuroraA/B和H3-S10磷酸化,促进A549细胞G2/M期阻滞。结果表明紫铆因可通过靶向EGFR和AuroraA/B信号通路抑制非小细胞肺癌。     

IQGAP1通过ERK信号通路促进非小细胞肺癌细胞增殖

该研究探讨了IQGAP1(IQ domain GTPase-activating protein 1)对非小细胞肺癌(nonsmall cell lung cancer,NSCLC)细胞增殖的影响及其对ERK信号通路的调节作用。将内源性IQGAP1低表达的A549细胞中分为空白组、空载组和IQGAP1过表达组;将内源性IQGAP1高表达的H1299细胞中分为空白组、阴性对照si RNA组和IQGAP1 si RNA组;采用ERK1/2磷酸化抑制剂U0126处理上述两株细胞。MTT法检测细胞增殖能力,Western blot法检测ERK1/2和p-ERK1/2蛋白质水平。结果显示,在A549细胞中,过表达IQGAP1能促进细胞增殖并促进ERK1/2磷酸化;在H1299中,敲低IQGAP1表达能够抑制细胞增殖并下调ERK1/2磷酸化水平。用U0126处理后能抑制IQGAP1对细胞增殖的促进作用。研究结果表明,IQGAP1可通过ERK信号通路促进体外非小细胞肺癌细胞增殖。     

低浓度哇巴因对负鼠肾小管上皮细胞增殖的影响

目的:用低血清培养液来模拟肾脏供血不足的营养不良状态,研究低浓度哇巴因对低血清培养下OK细胞(负鼠肾小管上皮细胞)增殖的影响。方法:用低浓度哇巴因(1-30n M)处理0.2%血清培养下OK细胞,MTT实验和Brdu掺入法检测哇巴因对OK细胞增殖的影响;Western blot检测Akt和ERK1/2的磷酸化水平;用LY294002和PD98059分别抑制PI3K/Akt和ERK1/2蛋白激酶活性,观察抑制PI3K/Akt和ERK1/2对哇巴因促进OK细胞增殖的影响。结果:低浓度哇巴因(1-30n M)促进OK细胞的增值,上调OK细胞中Akt和ERK1/2磷酸化水平。用LY294002和PD98059特异抑制Akt和ERK1/2的活化能够抑制哇巴因的促增殖作用。结论:低浓度哇巴因(1-10n M)能够促进OK细胞的增值,PI3K/Akt和ERK1/2信号通路参与哇巴因对OK细胞促增殖作用的调节。     

JNK、ERK信号通路在NaAsO2诱导骨髓间充质干细胞增殖中的作用

目的:研究c-ink氨基末端激酶(JNK)、细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)在亚砷酸钠(NaAsO2)诱导骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSC)增殖中的作用.方法:体外培养骨髓间充质干细胞,四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法(MTT法)检测细胞增殖,Western-blot检测磷酸化JNK、ERK表达水平.结果:低浓度1、2μ mol/L NaAsO2对BMSC有明显的促进增殖作用;高浓度16、32μ mol/LNaAsO2则对细胞生长产生抑制作用,具有一定剂量-效应关系;2、4、8μ mol/LNaAsO2处理BMSC 24h后,JNK磷酸化表达水平明显增加,ERK磷酸化表达水平明显降低;JNK抑制剂SP600125可明显降低高浓度16、32μmol/LNaAsO2的生长抑制作用;ERK抑制剂PD98059可抑制低浓度1、2μ mol/LNaAsO2对BMSC的促增殖作用.结论:低浓度NaAsO2激活ERK信号通路,提高细胞增殖率,可被抑制剂PD98059阻断;高浓度NaAsO2激活JNK信号通路,提高细胞凋亡率,可被抑制剂SP600125阻断.NaAsO2致癌机制可能与JNK、ERK信号通路作用相关.     

白藜芦醇通过下调MEK/ERK/c-Jun信号通路抑制H2O2诱导的肺癌细胞增殖

目的:探讨白藜芦醇(Res)是否通过下调ERK激酶/胞外信号调节激酶/原癌基因(MEK/ERK/c-Jun)信号通路抑制小剂量过氧化氢(H2O2)诱导肺癌细胞增殖。方法:采用MTS实验检测小剂量20μM H2O2以及分别加入MEK阻断剂U0126和Res后H2O2对肺癌细胞NCI-H1395增殖的影响,采用Western Blot检测H2O2对ERK1/2和Akt蛋白磷酸化水平以及加入Res后H2O2对MEK、ERK1/2和c-Jun蛋白磷酸化水平的影响。结果:小剂量H2O2对肺癌细胞NCI-H1395具有促增殖作用,H2O2通过活化ERK1/2和Akt蛋白的磷酸化水平促进肺癌细胞NCI-H1395增殖,加入MEK阻断剂U0126后H2O2对肺癌细胞NCI-H1395增殖作用降低(P<0.05)。Res可抑制H2O2诱导的肺癌细胞NCI-H1395增殖,加入Res后,H2O2引起的MEK、ERK1/2和c-Jun蛋白磷酸化水平均降低(P<0.05)。结论:小剂量H2O2对肺癌细胞NCI-H1395具有促增殖作用,Res通过抑制MEK/ERK/c-Jun信号通路来抑制H2O2对肺癌细胞NCI-H1395的促增殖作用,其具体机制还需进一步研究。     

14-3-3参与apelin-13促进大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖ERK1/2信号途径研究

本室以前已经报道了G蛋白偶联受体APJ的内源性配体多肽,apelin-13,通过激活ERK1/2促进大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖.本文研究14-3-3信号蛋白是否参与apelin-13促进大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖ERK1/2信号途径,探讨apelin/APJ系统的细胞信号转导机制.组织贴块法培养大鼠胸主动脉VSMCs;Western blotting方法检测14-3-3、pRaf-1、Raf-1、pERK1/2、ERK1/2、cyclinD1、cyclinE的表达;MTT方法观察14-3-3抑制剂Difopein对VSMCs的增殖作用;免疫共沉淀方法检测14-3-3和Raf-1蛋白复合物的形成.Western blotting方法结果显示,apelin-13(0、0.5、1、2、4μmol/L)浓度依赖性刺激大鼠VSMCs 14-3-3表达、Raf-1和ERK1/2磷酸化,以2μmol/L最为明显;2μmol/L apelin-13时间依赖性刺激大鼠VSMCs 14-3-3表达、Raf-1和ERK1/2磷酸化,在4 h增加最为显著;14-3-3蛋白抑制剂Difopein明显抑制apelin-13诱导的Raf-1磷酸化、ERK1/2磷酸化、cyclinD1及cyclinE表达;免疫共沉淀方法发现apelin-13诱导14-3-3与Raf-1结合增加,而Difopein明显抑制两者结合;MTT法显示Difopein明显抑制apelin-13诱导的血管平滑肌细胞增殖.上述结果表明,Apelin-13通过14-3-3/Raf-1复合物-ERK1/2信号转导通路促进大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖.     

细胞外信号调节激酶在小鼠神经干细胞增殖中的作用

本文旨在探讨细胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, ERK1/2)对小鼠神经干细胞增殖的影响.分离E14.5小鼠皮层神经干细胞,通过Western blot检测神经干细胞增殖过程中磷酸化ERK1/2的表达情况,以及不同浓度PD98059处理对神经干细胞ERK1/2磷酸化及神经球形成的影响,并用CCK-8法检测PD98059对神经干细胞增殖的影响.结果显示:ERK1/2在体外培养的神经下细胞增殖过程中被激活;PD98059显著抑制ERK1/2磷酸化及神经干细胞的成球率,且存在剂量效应依赖关系;加入PD98059后神经干细胞的生长被抑制.以上结果表明,ERK1/2在小鼠神经干细胞增殖中具有重要的作用,阻断ERK1/2信号通路后可抑制神经干细胞的增殖.     

木犀草素对表皮生长因子诱导的人乳腺癌细胞增殖的抑制作用及其机制（英文）北大核心CSCD

本研究的目的是探讨木犀草素体外抑制表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor,EGF)诱导的乳腺癌细胞增殖的机制。MTT法检测了木犀草素对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7和MDA-MB-231增殖的影响以及木犀草素对EGF诱导的乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖的影响。Western blot法检测了木犀草素对EGF受体、磷脂酰肌醇3蛋白激酶(PI3K)/Akt、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)/Erk1/2及转录活化因子3(STAT3)蛋白表达的影响。结果显示,木犀草素能显著抑制乳腺癌细胞MCF-7和MDA-MB-231的增殖,但对MCF-7细胞的影响更显著,因此本文后续实验以MCF-7为研究对象。进一步研究结果显示,木犀草素对EGF诱导的MCF-7细胞增殖也有显著的抑制作用,Western blot结果表明,木犀草素和EGFR通路阻断剂AG1478均能抑制EGF诱导的EGF受体和STAT3蛋白磷酸化水平,木犀草素、Akt通路抑制剂LY294002以及Erk1/2通路阻断剂PD98059均能显著抑制EGF诱导的Akt和Erk1/2蛋白磷酸化水。以上结果揭示,木犀草素能抑制人乳腺癌细胞EGF信号通路,其中PI3K/Akt、MAPK/Erk1/2、STAT3信号通路是其发挥作用的主要下游信号转导通路。本实验结果为将木犀草素开发成新型抗乳腺癌药物提供了理论依据。     

褪黑素联合顺铂对A549细胞凋亡相关基因的影响

观察褪黑素以及褪黑素联合顺铂是否可以抑制A549细胞增殖并促进细胞凋亡,探讨ERK1/2MAPK信号通路在这一过程中的作用,为肺腺癌的研究提供实验依据。用不同浓度的褪黑素、不同浓度的顺铂、褪黑素联合顺铂刺激体外培养的肺腺癌细胞系A549细胞,MTT法检测各组细胞的活性,运用Real-time RT-PCR检测凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Bax、p53的表达水平,Western-blot检测ERK1/2MAPK的活性变化。结果:1)单纯使用褪黑素和顺铂均可抑制A549细胞增殖,褪黑素联合顺铂时,抑制作用更加显著,一定浓度的褪黑素可降低顺铂的使用浓度;2)未经处理的A549细胞Bcl-2/Bax很高,p53基因表达较低,经褪黑素以及褪黑素联合顺铂刺激后A549细胞中Bcl-2/Bax明显下降,p53基因表达明显升高,并有浓度依赖;3)经褪黑素和顺铂刺激后A549细胞中磷酸化ERK1/2MAPK水平明显降低。褪黑素联合顺铂可抑制A549细胞增殖并且诱导凋亡相关基因表达,褪黑素和顺铂对A549细胞的抑制作用可能与ERK1/2MAPK信号通路有关。     

ERK1/2信号通路活化对Tamoxifen所致胶质瘤细胞凋亡的影响

为了探讨ERK1/2信号通路在他莫昔芬(tamoxifen, TAM)所致胶质瘤细胞凋亡中的作用,以C6和U87MG胶质瘤细胞为研究对象,经TAM处理后,采用MTT法检测细胞的存活率;倒置显微镜和DAPI染色观察细胞的形态;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡; Western-blot法检测细胞内ERK1/2磷酸化水平。最后应用ERK1/2抑制剂(PD98059)与TAM共同作用,观察其对胶质瘤细胞内ERK1/2磷酸化水平和细胞凋亡的影响。实验结果显示:TAM可呈浓度和时间依赖性地抑制胶质瘤细胞生长; TAM处理组的细胞凋亡明显增加且呈浓度依赖性;TAM能增加细胞内ERK1/2磷酸化水平;以PD98059阻断ERK1/2的激活,能增强TAM诱导细胞凋亡的作用。实验结果表明TAM能够抑制胶质瘤细胞生长和促进其细胞凋亡, ERK1/2信号通路的激活参与调控TAM所致胶质瘤细胞凋亡。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.