Comparative petiole anatomy as an aid to the classification of the African genus Baphia Lodd. (Leguminosae–Papilionoideae– Sophoreae)

The petiole anatomy of 79 specimens representing 64 species of Baphia has been examined. Anatomical characters of the petiole provide supporting evidence to be used in the infra-generic classification of the genus. They correspond to systematic groupings identified on other criteria, such as comparative morphology, palynology and phytogeography.     

Variation in petiole anatomy of the European spiny species of Astragalus L. (Leguminosae– Papilionoideae–Galegeae)

Transverse sections of petioles from the fourteen species of European spiny Astragalus have been examined. Variation between species was found in several anatomical characters including shape of petiole in transverse section; number of cortical layers; number of vascular bundles; amount of collenchyma tissue and shape and abundance of pith cells. Two major groups of species may be recognized on the basis of anatomical features.     

The anatomy of the cypselae of species of Cineraria L. (Asteraceae–Senecioneae) and its taxonomic significance

CRON, G. V., ROBBERTSE, P.J. & VINCENT, P. L. D., 1993. The anatomy of the cypselae of species of Cineraria L. (Asteraceae–Senecioneae) and its taxonomic significance. The anatomy of the cypselae of five species of Cineraria has been investigated to establish its potential usefulness for interspecific taxonomy. The usefulness is apparently limited. The most useful characters are the number of ribs, the extent of sclerenchymatization of the ribs and wings, and the surface sculpturing of the epicarp cells. The shape and symmetry of the cypselae are also useful to a limited degree. The presence of three resin canals in each cotyledon is constant. Their spatial differentiation is described.     

Availability of eleven species names of Eupelmus (Hymenoptera,Eupelmidae) proposed in Al khatib et al. (2014)

This paper is an addendum for the availability of the names of 11 new species proposed in Al khatib et al. (2014).     

A synopsis of Cyathocalyx species (Annonaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo, with descriptions of two new species

A revised classification of the species of Cyathocalyx (Annonaceae) occurring in western Malesia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo) is presented, with distribution maps. Fifteen species are recognized, including two that are newly described from Borneo ( C. angustipetalus and C. magnifructus ), which are illustrated. Several important nomenclatural changes are validated, including the elevation of Drepananthus carinatus var. deltoideus to specific rank as C. deltoideus , and the transfer of the name Parartabotrys hexagynus to Cyathocalyx as C. hexagynus . Other notable nomenclatural changes include the reduction of the name C. scortechinii to synonymy with C. pubescens .  © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2006, 152 , 513–532.     

Morphological variation in the Chamaecytisus proliferus (L.f.) Link complex (Fabaceae: Genisteae) in the Canary Islands

FRANCISCO-ORTEGA, J., JACKSON, M. T., SANTOS-GUERRA, A. & FORD-LLOYD, B. V., 1993. Morphological variation in the Chamaecytisus proliferus (L.f.) Link complex (Fabaceae: Genisteae) in the Canary Islands . A multivariate study (Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis, Warďs method) of 47 morphological traits from 164 populations of Chamaecytisus proliferus (L.f.) Link from the Canary Islands confirmed that this species complex is formed by seven morphological types. At least eight traits discriminated between these types. Patterns of variation follow a cline within Gran Canaria, Tenerife and La Palma. These results also show that morphological variation is greater in the eastern islands (i.e. Gran Canaria and Tenerife) than in the western islands (La Gomera, El Hierro and La Palma) and that no morphological differences are found between plants of typical tagasaste from wild and cultivated populations.     

Parapodial glandular organs in Spiophanes (Polychaeta: Spionidae)—studies on their functional anatomy and ultrastructure

Parapodial glandular organs (PGOs) of Spiophanes (Polychaeta: Spionidae) were studied using light and electron microscopy. These organs are found in parapodia of the mid body region, starting on chaetiger 5 and terminating with the appearance of neuropodial hooks (chaetiger 14 or 15 in adult individuals). Large PGOs in anterior chaetigers display different species‐specific types of openings whereas small PGOs in posterior parapodia of the mid body region always open in a simple vertical slit. Each PGO is composed of three main complexes: (1) the glandular sac with several distinct epithelia of secretory cells and secretory cell complexes and the reservoir filled with fibrous material, (2) the gland‐associated chaetal complex (including the region of chaetoblasts and follicle cells, follicular canals, two chaetal collector canals, the combined conducting canal, the chaetal spreader including the opening of the glandular organ with associated type‐1 secretory cells, and the gland‐associated chaetae), and (3) a bilayered musculature surrounding the gland. A considerable number of different cell types are involved in the secretory activity, in the guidance of the gland‐associated chaetae, and in the final expulsion of the fibrous secretion at the opening slit. Among these different cell types the type‐5 secretory cells of the proximal glandular complex with their cup‐shaped microvilli emanating thick microfibrils into the lumen of the glandular sac are most conspicuous. Secretory cells with cup‐shaped microvilli being involved in the production of β‐chitin microfibrils have so far only been reported from some representatives of the deep‐sea inhabiting Siboglinidae (Polychaeta). We suggest that the gland‐associated chaetae emerging from inside the PGOs of Spiophanes are typical annelid chaetae formed by chaetoblasts and follicle cells. Functional morphology implies the crucial role of PGOs in tube construction. Furthermore, the PGOs are discussed in consideration of phylogenetic aspects. J. Morphol., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Two new species of Agatea (Violaceae) endemic to New Caledonia, with some taxonomic notes and a key to New Caledonian species

While working on a treatment of Violaceae for the Flore de Nouvelle-Caledonie et dependences , two new species were recognized, Agatea veillonii Munzinger and A. lecointei Munzinger. These species are here described and illustrated. Some taxonomic notes and a regional identification key are provided.     

Root morphology, anatomy and mycotrophy of the achlorophyllous Voyria aphylla (Jacq.) Pers. (Gentianaceae)

 Roots of Voyria aphylla only develop hairs where roots of neighboring plants or organic litter are attached. Fungal penetration occurs almost exclusively at these root-to-root attachments. The ecological significance of these immediate hyphal bridges for achlorophyllous plants is discussed. The morphological and anatomical features of V. aphylla roots and its Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) appear to be transitional between those of V. truncata and V. tenella. A hypothetical evolutionary progression of AM and its significance for the development of mycoheterotrophy is proposed. Accepted: 1 February 1999     

Comparative studies in phytochemistry and fruit anatomy of Thapsia garganica and T. transtagana,Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)

Thapsia garganica L. and T. transtagana Brot. are classified as synonymous in Flora Europaea. In the present investigation significant differences between the two taxa with regard to fruit anatomy and phytochemistry are demonstrated and they are considered as two separate species. Microscopic studies revealed a distinct difference in number and position of secretory spaces in the pericarp of fruits from the two species and in addition pronounced differences were found in the presence of thapsigargins, the bioactive constituents of the two species. Quantitative HPLC analyses of thapsigargins were carried out on different plant organs from T. garganica and T. transtagana collected from various locations. Thapsigargin, thapsigargicin, nortrilobolid and thapsivillosin I and J were dominant compounds in all organs of T. garganica whereas none of these compounds could be detected in any organ of T. transtagana. On the contrary, thapsitranstagin and trilobolid were main thapsigargins of T. transtagana. T. garganica may include two chemotypes, as trilobolid was detected in some specimens of T. garganica only. As this is the first time trilobolid has been detected in these two species, it was isolated from both and identified by ¹H NMR-spectroscopy.     

Allozymic variation and divergence in three species of Antirrhinum L. (Scrophulariaceae-Antirrhineae)

An allozymic study of three wild species of Antirrhinum L. A. lopesiamum Rothm., A. mollissimum Roihni. and A. microphyllum Rothm. is described. All are members of subsection Kickiella Rothm., and are narrow-range endemics of the Iberian Peninsula. The variability of the different loci, as well as the number and mobility of the alleles, differ among the three species, a demonstration of the usefulness of allozymes for the systematics of the genus. The finding of alleles unique to each species indicates high divergence among species suggesting ancient diversification, and supports the hypothesis of a geographical model of speciation. All three species show high levels of within-species variability, mainly partitioned within populations, while between populations genetic differentiation is low. Correlations between population size, sample size and genetic variability, and the usefulness of allozymic data for conservation purposes, are discussed.     

DNA sequences corroborate Soesiladeepakius as a non‐salticoid genus of jumping spiders: placement with lapsiines,phylogeny, and description of six new species (Araneae,Salticidae)

Species of the Amazonian jumping spider genus Soesiladeepakius Makhan are confirmed as non‐salticoids. Sequences of nuclear (28S, Actin) and mitochondrial (16S through NADH dehydrogenase subunit I, ‘16S‐ND1’) gene regions, analysed under parsimony and maximum likelihood, placed the genus within the lapsiines, closely related to Galianora Maddison. Additionally, six new species of this genus are herein described, namely Soesiladeepakius lyra sp. nov. , Soesiladeepakius retroversus sp. nov. , Soesiladeepakius arthrostylus sp. nov. , Soesiladeepakius gasnieri sp. nov. , Soesiladeepakius biarmatus sp. nov. , and Soesiladeepakius uncinatus sp. nov. , all from the Amazon region in Brazil. To test the monophyly of Soesiladeepakius within lapsiines, a cladistic analysis was carried out using a data matrix comprising 24 morphological characters scored for 12 taxa. The analysis resulted in two equally parsimonious trees of 29 steps. One of these trees is used to discuss the relationships among the species of Soesiladeepakius and character evolution. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 165 , 274–295.     

A new species of Arctotis (Compositae, Arctotideae) from kommetjie grassland in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Arctotis debensis R.J.McKenzie, a new species from the Albany Centre of Floristic Endemism, South Africa, is described and illustrated. It grows almost exclusively in grassland on kommetjies, a distinctive landform of depressions and mounds associated with giant earthworms, in a restricted area west of King William's Town, Eastern Cape Province. It is the first plant taxon reported to be endemic or near-endemic to this unusual habitat. The new species appears to have been collected rarely and previous collections examined have remained undetermined to species level. The new species is distinguished from closely allied species by the combination of its usually larger dimensions in all parts, prostrate habit, coriaceous leaves that are green, scabrous, and eglandular on the adaxial surface and densely lanate on the abaxial surface, and involucral-bract morphology.  © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2006, 151 , 581–588.     

A synopsis of Goniothalamus species (Annonaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia, with a description of a new species

The species of Goniothalamus (Annonaceae) occurring in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore are revised, updating the previous taxonomic treatment by James Sinclair, published in 1955. A total of 18 species is recognized, including a new species, G. tomentosus . Collections referrable to G. tomentosus were previously determined as ' G. marcanii '; examination of the types of G. marcanii reveals that the two taxa are not conspecific, however, and a new name is accordingly validated here. Goniothalamus tomentosus has closest affinities with the Javan/Sumatran species G. costulatus . Other important nomenclatural changes include the reduction of G. umbrosus to synonymy with G. tapis .  © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2003, 142 , 321−339.