烟夜蛾几丁质酶基因的克隆与表达

运用RT-PCR技术扩增编码烟夜蛾Helicoverpaassulta(Guen啨e)幼虫几丁质酶基因的cDNA片段,将其克隆至pMD18-T载体,获得该基因的成熟蛋白阅读框序列。将该基因重组到表达型质粒pGEX-4T-2中,并转化入原核细胞中表达,序列测定结果表明,烟夜蛾幼虫几丁质酶基因的成熟蛋白阅读框全长1338bp,编码445个氨基酸残基,预测分子量和等电点分别为50.1kDa和9.26;推导的氨基酸序列与其近缘种棉铃虫几丁质酶氨基酸序列的一致性达99%,与其他6种昆虫几丁质酶的氨基酸序列也高度一致(65%~76%),并具有几丁质酶的典型特征。将该基因克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-4T-2上并转化BL21,SDS-PAGE和Western印迹分析表明,经IPTG诱导,76kDa附近没有特异蛋白条带出现,表明烟夜蛾几丁质酶基因不能在原核表达载体pGEX-4T-2中表达。     

Differential expression of the pr1A gene in Metarhizium anisopliae and Metarhizium acridum across different culture conditions and during pathogenesis

The entomopathogenic fungi of the genus Metarhizium have several subtilisin-like proteases that are involved in pathogenesis and these have been used to investigate genes that are differentially expressed in response to different growth conditions. The identification and characterization of these proteases can provide insight into how the fungus is capable of infecting a wide variety of insects and adapt to different substrates. In addition, the pr1A gene has been used for the genetic improvement of strains used in pest control. In this study we used quantitative RT-PCR to assess the relative expression levels of the pr1A gene in M. anisopliae and M. acridum during growth in different culture conditions and during infection of the sugar cane borer, Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius. We also carried out a pathogenicity test to assess the virulence of both species against D. saccharalis and correlated the results with the pattern of pr1A gene expression. This analysis revealed that, in both species, the pr1A gene was differentially expressed under the growth conditions studied and during the pathogenic process. M. anisopliae showed higher expression of pr1A in all conditions examined, when compared to M. acridum. Furthermore, M. anisopliae showed a greater potential to control D. saccharalis. Taken together, our results suggest that these species have developed different strategies to adapt to different growing conditions.     

Cloning and expression analysis of p26 gene in Artemia sinica

The protein p26 is a small heat shock protein that functions as a molecular chaperone to protect embryos by preventing irreversible protein damage during embryonic development. A 542 bp fragment of the p26 gene was cloned and sequenced. The fragment encoded 174 amino acid residues and the amino acid sequence contained the α-crystallin domain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that eight Artemia populations were divided into four major groups. Artemia sinica (YC) belonged to the East Asia bisexual group. Expression of the p26 gene at different developmental stages ofA. sinica was quantified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction followed by cloning and sequencing. The relationship between the quantity of p26 gene expression and embryonic development was analyzed. The results indicated that massive amounts of p26 were expressed during the development of A. sinica. At the developmental stage of 0 h, A. sinica expressed the highest level of p26. As development proceeded, expression levels of the p26 gene reduced significantly. There was a small quantity of p26 gene expression at the developmental stages of 16 h and 24 h. We concluded that p26 might be involved in protecting the embryo from physiological stress during embryonic development.     

莱氏野村菌Cq菌株几丁质酶基因的克隆与表达分析

【目的】为揭示昆虫病原真菌分泌的几丁质酶对宿主感染致病时的作用,对莱氏野村菌Cq菌株几丁质酶基因进行了克隆与表达,并检测了表达产物的活性。【方法】采用CTAB法提取菌体DNA,设计特异性引物,多次PCR扩增克隆莱氏野村菌Cq菌株几丁质酶基因全序列,并克隆基因的ORF片段chit1,与载体pPIC9K相连接,构建表达载体pPIC9K-Chit1,转入毕赤酵母感受态细胞中,然后通过1.5mg/L浓度的G418筛选及PCR验证,将阳性转化子进行诱导培养,对发酵液分别进行酶活性测定试验、几丁质酶透明圈验证试验和SDS-PAGE电泳检测。【结果】莱氏野村菌Cq菌株几丁质酶基因全长序列为2756bp(NCBI登录号:EU795711),PCR扩增得到开放阅读框ORF片段chit1为1827bp,其中包含3个内含子,5′端非编码区长76bp,3′端非编码区240bp,编码424个氨基酸的几丁质酶前体,理论信号肽剪切位点在Gly(20)与Leu(21)之间;毕赤酵母重组细胞发酵液中几丁质酶活性随着发酵时间的延长而增加,72h达到最大值482.5U/100μL,透明圈活性验证试验显示,在含1%的几丁质平板上可出现明显的透明圈,表达产物SDS-PAGE电泳检测其分子量为41.0kDa。【结论】本研究克隆到莱氏野村菌Cq菌株几丁质酶基因,其ORF成功重组到毕赤酵母中并表达出有活性的几丁质酶。基因表达产物的利用对进一步研究病原真菌染病昆虫的机制等具有重要意义。     

中华按蚊气味结合蛋白基因AsinOBP1的克隆和表达分析

【目的】蚊虫的行为在很大程度上依赖于嗅觉系统, 例如寻找宿主和产卵场所等。中华按蚊Anopheles sinensis是我国最重要的传疟媒介之一, 但有关中华按蚊嗅觉信号传递过程的研究甚少。本研究旨在克隆和表达分析中华按蚊的气味结合蛋白（odorant binding proteins, OBPs）基因, 为进一步研究中华按蚊嗅觉传递的分子机制奠定基础。【方法】通过分析中华按蚊的转录组数据克隆气味结合蛋白基因, 采用RT-PCR和实时定量PCR技术分析该基因在成虫不同组织和在吸血前后的表达模式。【结果】克隆到一个气味结合蛋白基因, 命名为AsinOBP1 (GenBank登录号为KJ958382)。AsinOBP1基因开放阅读框长435 bp, 编码144个氨基酸, 具有典型的6个半胱氨酸位点。RT-PCR组织表达谱分析发现, AsinOBP1在检测的所有成虫触角、下颚须、喙和头部组织中都有表达, 而在足和去掉头部以外的躯体组织中不表达。定量分析发现AsinOBP1在雌蚊触角中的表达水平最高, 吸食血液后, AsinOBP1的表达水平显著下降; 仅用小鼠气味处理后, AsinOBP1的表达水平也显著下降。【结论】研究结果说明AsinOBP1可能是嗅觉组织特异性表达的基因, 与雌蚊寻找宿主等行为有关, 其功能还需深入研究。     

Cloning, sequencing and heterologous expression of a new chitinase gene, chi92, from Streptomyces olivaceoviridis ATCC 11238

A new chitinase gene, chi92, encoding the largest known chitinase from Streptomyces olivaceoviridisATCC 11238 was sequenced by means of different PCR-methods. The cloned gene was expressed in E. coliand the recombinant protein could be detected by Western-blot analysis. The multiplicity of chitinolytic enzymes of this strain is discussed.     

DsRed2 transient expression in Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes

Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes have been successfully genetically modified only once, despite the efforts of several laboratories to transform and establish a stable strain. We have developed a transient gene expression method, in Culex, that delivers plasmid DNA directly to the mosquito haemolymph and additional tissues. We were able to express DsRed2 fluorescent protein in adult Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes by injecting plasmids directly into their thorax. The expression of DsRed2 in adult Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes is an important stepping stone to genetic transformation and the potential use of new control strategies and genetic interactions.     

草菇聚酮合酶编码基因vv-alb的克隆及其表达的初步分析

聚酮化合物（polyketides）是一类庞大的次级代谢家族,聚酮合酶（polyketide synthase,PKS）是介导聚酮化合物生物合成的关键酶。通过巢氏简并PCR与染色体步行的方法,获得了草菇中的编码PKS的基因vv-alb的全长序列,并通过荧光实时定量RT-PCR方法对vv-alb基因在草菇不同生长阶段与不同部位的表达情况进行了初步分析,为进一步研究PKS在草菇和其他食用真菌生物代谢过程中的作用奠定了一定的基础。     

杀鱼假交替单胞菌C923几丁质酶基因PpchiC的克隆表达与酶学性质

【背景】某些假交替单胞菌可分泌几丁质酶,在降解利用几丁质为水产动物提供营养、免疫、抗病等方面有着重要潜力。【目的】克隆杀鱼假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas piscicida)C923的一个几丁质酶基因,实现其在大肠杆菌中的异源表达,并对重组几丁质酶的酶学性质进行研究。【方法】从菌株C923测序的基因组中注释到一个几丁质酶家族基因PpchiC,设计引物克隆该基因后进行生物信息学分析;构建载体进行异源表达并从温度、时间与诱导剂浓度进行表达优化;对表达蛋白进行最适温度与pH等酶学性质研究,同时比较了重组菌破碎后上清与沉淀及纯化的酶蛋白对几丁质的降解效应。【结果】基因PpchiC长1350bp,编码450个氨基酸,PpchiC蛋白理论分子量为48.76kDa,等电点为4.78,不稳定系数为29.08。结构域分析发现该蛋白含有一个类型Ⅲ几丁质结合域和一个糖苷水解酶18家族(glycosyl hydrolase 18,GH18)的催化域;PpchiC蛋白含有GH18家族几丁质酶的保守催化基序DxxDxDxE、YxR和[E/D]xx[V/I]。16℃、0.25mmol/L IPTG、诱导12h为其最优化表达条件,PpchiC在50℃、pH8.0时表现出最大酶活性;以胶体几丁质为底物时,PpchiC的K_m值为2.58mg/mL、V_max值为5.04mg/(mL·min)。降解结果表明,菌体的沉淀与上清及从上清中纯化的酶蛋白均有着较好的几丁质降解效应。【结论】杀鱼假交替单胞菌C923基因PpchiC编码GH18家族的几丁质酶,能被大肠杆菌高效表达且降解几丁质效应明显,这为PpchiC及菌株C923的应用提供了参考依据。     

Polyclonal antibody against <Emphasis Type="Italic">Manduca sexta</Emphasis> chitinase and detection of chitinase expressed in transgenic cotton

The chitinase gene of Manduca sexta was cloned into the expression vector, pET-28a, and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) host cells. The protein product was expressed in inclusion bodies. After denaturation and renaturation procedures using a Ni²⁺-NTA affinity chromatography column, soluble chitinase was obtained. The authenticity of the renatured protein was confirmed by Western blotting. Polyclonal antibodies to the purified protein were raised in rabbits. The antibody reacted specifically with the expressed chitinase and was used to quantify its presence in transgenic cotton being developed to resist attack by various insects.Revisions requested 24 September 2004; Revisions received 18 November 2004     

荒漠甲虫小胸鳖甲几丁质酶基因MpCht8c的克隆、鉴定与低温表达

为了挖掘荒漠昆虫小胸鳖甲Microdera punctipennis的耐寒性相关基因,从其4℃转录组数据库筛选出差异表达的几丁质酶基因片段394seq2,检测其编码蛋白的几丁质酶活性,研究该基因的表达对低温胁迫的响应情况。采用RACE技术扩增394seq2的5′端和3′端,克隆全长序列,将其ORF构建至原核表达载体pET28a,导入Transetta(DE3)感受态细胞,诱导表达融合蛋白,Western blot法检测表达蛋白的正确性;二硝基水杨酸法测定几丁质酶活性,qRT-PCR技术探究低温表达谱。结果表明,394seq2的5′-UTR为39 bp,3′-UTR为181 bp;ORF为1 140 bp。系统进化树显示该序列与赤拟谷盗几丁质酶8(TcCHT8)聚为一支,命名为MpCht8c。MpCht8c编码379个氨基酸,分子量为41.2 kDa,理论等电点pI为4.67。MpCHT8c含有完整的几丁质酶结构基序,其N端含有几丁质酶催化域,内有一个类18家族几丁质酶的保守基序KXXXXXGGW,中部是一段富PEST的连接区,C端是几丁质酶结合域,属于IV型昆虫几丁质酶。Western blot结果表明His-MpCHT8c在大肠杆菌中正确表达;融合蛋白粗酶液的几丁质酶活性为1.89 U/mL。在4℃冷胁迫0.5 h和5-9 h时Mpcht8c出现两个上调表达峰值,约为对照的2倍。研究表明荒漠昆虫小胸鳖甲的几丁质酶MpCHT8c具有几丁质酶活性,MpCht8c基因的表达可快速响应4℃低温胁迫。研究结果有助于深入研究几丁质酶在小胸鳖甲耐寒性方面的作用机理。     

柞蚕Septin基因的克隆及表达分析

Septin蛋白参与了细胞分裂、细胞内物质转运、细胞周期调控及细胞凋亡等生理反应,并且发现与肿瘤发生、神经功能障碍和病原物侵染的过程直接相关。研究克隆了柞蚕septin基因全长,序列分析表明septin基因全长1904 bp,开放阅读框长度为1137 bp,编码378个氨基酸。多重序列比对分析表明柞蚕septin与家蚕及黑脉金斑蝶septin相似性最高,聚为一类。实时定量PCR结果表明柞蚕septin基因在各个组织中都有表达,但在血细胞中表达量最高,其次是表皮,而在丝腺中表达量最低。通过构建原核表达载体,柞蚕septin蛋白在大肠杆菌中成功诱导表达。     

Molecular cloning and functional expression of chitinase-encoding cDNA from the cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae

Chitinase is a rate-limiting and endo-splitting enzyme involved in the bio-degradation of chitin, an important component of the cuticular exoskeleton and peritrophic matrix in insects. We isolated a cDNA-encoding chitinase from the last larval integument of the cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae), cloned the ORF cDNA into E. coli to confirm its functionality, and analyzed the deduced amino acid sequence in comparison with previously described lepidopteran chitinases. M. brassicae chitinase expressed in the transformed E. coli cells with the chitinase-encoding cDNA enhanced cell proliferation to about 1.6 times of the untransformed wild type strain in a colloidal chitin-including medium with only a very limited amount of other nutrients. Compared with the wild type strain, the intracellular levels of chitin degradation derivatives, glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine were about 7.2 and 2.3 times higher, respectively, while the extracellular chitinase activity was about 2.2 times higher in the transformed strain. The ORF of M. brassicae chitinaseencoding cDNA consisted of 1686 nucleotides (562 amino acid residues) except for the stop codon, and its deduced amino acid composition revealed a calculated molecular weight of 62.7 and theoretical pI of 5.3. The ORF was composed of N-terminal leading signal peptide (AA 1-20), catalytic domain (AA 21-392), linker region (AA 393-498), and C-terminal chitin-binding domain (AA 499-562) showing its characteristic structure as a molting fluid chitinase. In phylogenetic analysis, the enzymes from 6 noctuid species were grouped together, separately from a group of 3 bombycid and 1 tortricid enzymes, corresponding to their taxonomic relationships at both the family and genus levels.     

Genomic organization, expression, and analysis of the troponin C gene pat-10 of Caenorhabditis elegans.

We have cloned and characterized the troponin C gene, pat-10 of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. At the amino acid level nematode troponin C is most similar to troponin C of Drosophila (45% identity) and cardiac troponin C of vertebrates. Expression studies demonstrate that this troponin is expressed in body wall muscle throughout the life of the animal. Later, vulval muscles and anal muscles also express this troponin C isoform. The structural gene for this troponin is pat-10 and mutations in this gene lead to animals that arrest as twofold paralyzed embryos late in development. We have sequenced two of the mutations in pat-10 and both had identical two mutations in the gene; one changes D64 to N and the other changes W153 to a termination site. The missense alteration affects a calcium-binding site and eliminates calcium binding, whereas the second mutation eliminates binding to troponin I. These combined biochemical and in vivo studies of mutant animals demonstrate that this troponin is essential for proper muscle function during development.     

独行菜LaMCT基因的克隆、序列分析与原核表达

强心苷作为药用植物独行菜( Lepidium apetalum)的活性成分,其化学和药理学研究已有良好的基础,但其生物合成途径目前仍不清楚。该研究以独行菜幼苗为材料,通过分析独行菜转录组数据,设计特异性引物,PCR扩增得到了强心苷生物合成MEP途径的关键酶2-C-甲基赤藓醇-4-磷酸胞苷酰转移酶( MCT)基因的开放阅读框( ORF),命名为LaMCT( Genbank注册号KT832554),并进行序列分析和原核表达。序列分析结果表明：LaMCT基因ORF全长为912 bp,编码304个氨基酸。亚细胞定位和保守结构域分析结果表明：LaMCT蛋白位于叶绿体中,不含信号肽,没有跨膜区,含有类异戊二烯合成酶保守结构域( isoprenoid synthase domain)。系统进化树结果表明：LaMCT蛋白与拟南芥的MCT蛋白具有94％的序列相似性,亲缘关系较近。通过构建pET-32a-LaMCT原核表达载体,成功在大肠杆菌BL21( DE3)菌株中诱导表达LaMCT重组蛋白,并得到了纯化的LaMCT重组蛋白。该研究首次从独行菜中克隆了LaMCT基因,建立其稳定的原核表达体系,为LaMCT蛋白抗体的制备以及研究LaMCT基因在独行菜强心苷类化合物生物合成途径中的功能奠定了基础。     

Cloning,DNA sequence,and expression of Aeromonas caviae WS7b chitinase gene

A chitinase-producing bacterium, designated WS7b, was isolated from a soil sample obtained from a black-pepper plantation on Bangka Island, Indonesia. Fatty-acid methyl-ester analysis indicated that the isolate was Aeromonas caviae. A chitinase gene from WS7b was cloned in a pUC19-based plasmid vector, but without its natural promoter. The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene was determined, and the structural gene consisted of a 2748-bp region encoding 864 amino acids. DNA sequence analysis indicated that the gene had been cloned without its promoter, and this was confirmed by chitinase-plate assay of the truncated version of the gene in Escherichia coli. The chitinase gene product showed amino-acid sequence similarity to chiA from A. caviae. Chitinase enzyme activity was determined spectrophotometrically, using colloidal chitin azure as substrate for extracellular and intracellular fractions. The ability of the chitinase cloned in E. coli to hydrolyze chitin was less than that of the enzyme in its indigenous host.