MicroRNA-17-92与肿瘤

microRNA是一类在生物体中广泛表达的、非编码调节性小分子RNA(约22～24nt).它们一经问世,即被发现参与多种疾病的发生.miR-17-92及其旁系同源序列就是其中之一,它们已被证实在肺、心脏及免疫系统的正常发育及肿瘤形成中均起到重要作用.本文从miR-17-92及其旁系同源序列在不同肿瘤组织中的表达及其在肿瘤发生中的分子机制,对这一基因簇与肿瘤发生的关系进行综述.     

生物信息学分析及预测miR-17-92的分子调控网络

miR-17-92是一个高度保守的基因家簇,参与哺乳动物多个器官发育并与多种实体瘤的发生密切相关。运用多个在线数据库,发现了miR-17-92的上游转录因子及下游靶基因间的多个前馈和反馈环路。并对参与miR-17-92调控环路的基因进行功能聚类分析,进而绘制出miR-17-92的核心调控网络图。结果提示miR-17-92与其上游转录因子共调控的靶基因可能参与了生物体的细胞周期调控,迁移、凋亡、激素应答、免疫系统发育等多种生物学过程,KEGG pathway分析提示其还与多种肿瘤 信号通路密切相关。因此,对miR-17-92分子调控网络生物信息学的分析可以有助于理解其在细胞发育和肿瘤发生过程中的作用机制并为后续实验验证提供良好的指导。     

外周血miR-17-92基因簇对于早期胃癌的诊断及预测价值

目的:探讨外周血mi R-17-92簇对早期胃癌的诊断价值,为胃癌的早期诊断及治疗提供参考依据。方法:收集胃癌125例(Ⅰ期35例,Ⅱ期28例,Ⅲ期39例,Ⅳ期23例)和癌前病变24例(包括肠化生及上皮内瘤变),同时选择65例慢性胃炎作为对照组。采用实时荧光定量PCR技术(Real-time quantitative PCR,RT-qPCR)检测患者血清中的mi R-17-92基因簇的表达水平。通过受试者工作曲线(Receiver Operating Curve, ROC)及曲线下的面积(Area Under the Curve,AUC)评估mi R-17-92基因簇表达水平诊断早期胃癌的敏感性和特异性。结果:(1)慢性胃炎与癌前病变mi R-17-92基因簇表达比较无显著差异(P0.05);(2)早期胃癌及进展期胃癌mi R-17-5p表达明显高于慢性胃炎(P0.05),mi R-19a-3p、mi R-19b-3p、mi R-20a-5p和mi R-92a-3p表达则显著低于慢性胃炎及进展期胃癌(P0.05);(3)miR-17-5p诊断早期胃癌的曲线下面积较mi R-19a-3p、mi R-19b-3p、mi R-20a-5p、mi R-92a-3p及CEA更高;(4)miR-19a-3p、mi R-19b-3p、mi R-20a-5p、mi R-92a-3p高低表达组与在胃癌的浸润深度间有显著性差异(P0.05),mi R-19b-3p高低表达组在胃癌的临床分期间有显著性差异(P0.05);(5)miR-17-5p、mi R-19a-3p、mi R-19b-p、mi R-20a-5p、mi R-92a-3p诊断早期胃癌的阳性率较CEA、CA199高。结论:外周血mi R-17-92基因簇对于早期胃癌的诊断价值明显优于CEA和CA199,这可能为胃癌的早诊早治提供新的策略。     

Circulating Exosomal miR-17-5p and miR-92a-3p Predict Pathologic Stage and Grade of Colorectal Cancer

Exosomes are extracellular membrane vesicles of 50- to 130-nm diameter secreted by most tumor cells. Exosomes can mediate the intercellular transfer of proteins and RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), and promote both tumorigenesis and premetastatic niche formation. In this study, we performed exosomal RNA sequencing to identify candidate exosomal miRNAs that could be associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) and its distant metastasis. The expression profiles of exosomal miRNA, as secreted by isogenic human primary CRC cell line SW480 and highly metastatic cell line SW620, were analyzed and the potential targets related to tumorigenesis and metastatic progression were investigated. We found that 25 miRNAs had been up-regulated and 5 miRNAs had been down-regulated in exosomes purified from SW620 culture supernatant. Candidate miRNAs were further evaluated for CRC diagnosis using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in CRC patients. Higher expression levels of circulating exosomal miR-17-5p and miR-92a-3p were significantly associated with pathologic stages and grades of the CRC patients. CONCLUSIONS: Circulating exosomal miR-17-5p and miR-92a-3p may provide a promising noninvasive prognostic biomarker for primary and metastatic CRC.     

miRiad roles for the miR-17-92 cluster in development and disease

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) encoded by the miR-17-92 cluster and its paralogs are known to act as oncogenes. Expression of these miRNAs promotes cell proliferation, suppresses apoptosis of cancer cells, and induces tumor angiogenesis. New work reveals essential functions for these miRNAs not only in tumor formation but also during normal development of the heart, lungs, and immune system.     

MicroRNA Cluster miR-17-92 Regulates Neural Stem Cell Expansion and Transition to Intermediate Progenitors in the Developing Mouse Neocortex

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鸡miR-17-92基因簇上游调控区功能分析

miR-17-92基因簇(miR-17-92 cluster)在细胞增殖、分化、凋亡、动物发育以及肿瘤发生等过程中发挥重要作用。目前,人和小鼠等哺乳动物miR-17-92基因簇的转录调控已有深入研究,但该基因簇在鸡等鸟类中的转录调控研究还未见报道,主要原因在于鸟类miR-17-92基因簇上游的基因组序列都存在一个gap,且该基因簇启动子的位置和序列也还不清楚。为此,本研究采用染色体步移的方法获得鸡miR-17-92基因簇上游gap区序列,并采用生物信息学分析和报告基因及截短突变技术开展该gap区的功能分析。染色体步移分析发现,鸡miR-17-92基因簇上游gap区全长1704 bp,GC含量达80.11%。生物信息学分析显示,鸡miR-17-92基因簇上游gap区内1段200 bp的序列与人、牛、小鼠等9种动物miR-17-92基因簇上游序列保守性较高,且该区域为人和小鼠等哺乳动物miR-17-92基因簇宿主基因的核心启动子区。将克隆的gap区序列插入pGL3 basic荧光素酶报告基因载体,构建成启动子荧光素酶报告基因载体pGL3-cMIR17HG(-4228/-2506)。荧光素酶报告基因活性分析表明,pGL3-cMIR17HG(-4228/-2506)报告基因的活性是pGL3 basic空载体活性的417倍,证明所克隆的gap区片段是鸡miR-17-92基因簇宿主基因的启动子。为进一步分析该启动子的结构和功能,构建gap区片段的5°端缺失突变(缺失448 bp)和3°端缺失突变(缺失894 bp)的荧光素酶报告基因载体。与pGL3-cMIR17HG(-4228/-2506)相比,5°端和3°端缺失突变分别使启动子报告基因活性降低19.82%和60.14%。这些数据提示,鸡miR-17-92基因簇宿主基因启动子的重要调控区位于-3400/-2506。本研究结果为进一步开展鸡miR-17-92基因簇的转录调控奠定了基础。     

miR-17-92基因簇microRNAs对哺乳动物器官发育及肿瘤发生的调控

microRNAs(miRNAs)是近年发现的一种高度保守的非编码小RNA, 它们通过抑制靶基因mRNA的翻译或将其降解, 在转录后水平调控基因的表达, 参与调控哺乳动物多个器官的发育过程和人类疾病的发生。miR-17-92基因簇是一个高度保守的基因簇, 编码miR-17-5p、miR-17-3p、miR-18a、miR-19a、miR-20a、miR-19b-1和miR-92-1等7个miRNAs。大量证据表明, miR-17-92基因簇miRNAs参与了心、肺、免疫系统的发育、血管生长及前脂肪细胞的分化等过程。此外, miR-17-92基因簇miRNAs在多种肿瘤中高表达, 能作为致癌基因诱发淋巴瘤和血管化肿瘤的发生, 但它也可以作为抑癌基因抑制乳腺癌细胞的增殖。文章对miR-17-92基因簇miRNAs在哺乳动物器官发育及肿瘤发生中的作用进行综述     

Overexpression of microRNAs from the miR-17-92 paralog clusters in AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphomas

Background

Individuals infected by HIV are at an increased risk for developing non-Hodgkin''s lymphomas (AIDS-NHL). In the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era, there has been a significant decline in the incidence of AIDS-associated primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). However, only a modest decrease in incidence has been reported for other AIDS-NHL subtypes. Thus, AIDS-NHLs remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV infected individuals. Recently, much attention has been directed toward the role of miRNAs in cancer, including NHL. Several miRNAs, including those encoded by the miR-17-92 polycistron, have been shown to play significant roles in B cell tumorigenesis. However, the role of miRNAs in NHL in the setting of HIV infection has not been defined.

Methodology/Principal Findings

We used quantitative realtime PCR to assess the expression of miRNAs from three different paralog clusters, miR-17-92, miR-106a-363, and miR-106b-25 in 24 cases of AIDS-NHLs representing four tumor types, Burkitt''s lymphoma (BL, n = 6), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL, n = 8), primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL, n = 5), and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL, n = 5). We also used microarray analysis to identify a differentiation specific miRNA signature of naïve, germinal center, and memory B cell subsets from tonsils (n = 4). miRNAs from the miR-17-92 paralog clusters were upregulated by B cells, specifically during the GC differentiation stage. We also found overexpression of these miRNA clusters in all four AIDS-NHL subtypes. Finally, we also show that select miRNAs from these clusters (miR-17, miR-106a, and miR-106b) inhibited p21 in AIDS-BL and DLBCL cases, thus providing a mechanistic role for these miRNAs in AIDS-NHL pathogenesis.

Conclusion

Dysregulation of miR-17-92 paralog clusters is a common feature of AIDS-associated NHLs.     

miR-17-92对急性白血病L1210/DDP细胞多药耐药性影响研究

目的:研究miR-17-92在白血病L1210/DDP细胞多药耐药形成中的作用.方法:首先构建L1210/DDP耐药细胞系,运用real-time PCR方法检测miR-17-92在L1210/DDP细胞与L1210细胞中的表达差异.利用脂质体Lipofectamine 2000将miR-17-92抑制物(miR-17-92sponge)及阴性对照(sponge vector)转染L1210/DDP细胞,构建miR-17-92表达下调的L1210/DDP细胞系.用MTS法检测转染后耐药细胞对顺铂和阿霉素体外药物敏感性.结果:miRNA-17-92在L1210/DDP耐药细胞系中高表达,上调倍数为(1.61±0.01)倍.体外药物敏感性实验表明,转染miR-17-92抑制物的实验组对顺铂和阿霉素的IC50分别为(3.29±0.51)、(1.35±0.13)g/ml,而转染阴性对照组对上述药物的IC50分别为(6.73± 0.82)、(2.66±0.42)g/ml,在耐药株中抑制miR-17-92在L1210/DDP细胞中的表达,显著增加细胞对顺铂和阿霉素的敏感性.结论:miR-17-92在白血病耐顺铂L1210/DDP细胞中高表达.抑制miR-17-92的表达可增加白血病L1210/DDP细胞对顺铂和阿霉素化疗药物的敏感性,部分逆转耐药.     

miR-106-363基因簇在脊椎动物中的进化分析

microRNA(miRNA)是一类在真核生物体内广泛表达的非编码小分子RNA,在生物体生长、发育以及疾病发生等过程中都起着极其重要的作用。miR-106-363基因簇是一个高度保守的基因簇,编码miR-106、miR-18、miR-20、miR-19、miR-92和miR-363等6个miRNA。本文通过对miRBase数据库检索以及同源搜索的方法在16种脊椎动物中搜索到了miR-106-363基因簇。该miRNA基因簇在高等脊椎动物中高度保守,稳定存在。系统进化树分析表明,miR-106-363基因簇与miR-17-92基因簇有着共同的祖先,且在进化上miR-17-92基因簇有着更早的起源。     

microRNA-125b 抑制结肠癌细胞增殖的研究

目的:探究在多种肿瘤中均发挥重要调节作用的miR-125b对结肠癌细胞增殖的影响。方法:采用miR-125b过表达的结肠癌细胞系HCT116,在细胞水平验证miR-125b对细胞增殖能力的影响。采用皮下注射的方式,建立裸鼠结肠癌皮下移植瘤模型,以研究miR-125b对结肠癌体内增殖的影响。在临床样本组织中检测miR-125b的表达以佐证miR-125b功能。结果:在体外MTT实验中,miR-125b能够抑制结肠癌细胞系HCT116的增殖(P0.001)。在体内模型中,注射过表达miR-125b mimics的HCT116细胞所形成的肿瘤与对照组相比,生长速度缓慢,肿瘤大小亦明显低于对照组(P0.05)。在临床样本中对比癌组织与癌旁正常组织中miR-125b的表达量,发现miR-125b在癌旁组织中表达明显高于癌组织。结论:miR-125b能够抑制结肠癌细胞的增殖。