广西东部早泥盆世晚期盔甲鱼类一新属

描述了产自广西东部平乐下泥盆统贺县组的一脊椎动物群中的无颌类化石,建立了盔 甲鱼类的一新属、新种──平乐圆盘鱼（Ｄｉｓｃａｓｐｉｓ ｐｉｎｇｌｅｎｓｉｓ ｇｅｔ． ｅｔ ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．）。圆盘鱼鳃囊 数目多达３２对。同层产出的尚有保存较完好的胴甲鱼目中华鱼科化石。该动物群的发现为 华南区早泥盆世晚期脊椎动物群的演化及其生物地层的对比提供了重要依据。     

陕西鄜县及邠县中生代鱼粪化石*

关于我国的鱼粪化石,过去很少研究,仅尹赞动与(?)义睿两同志于1934年在贵州桐梓县青杠哨守营房之北白垩纪下部地层中,采到鱼粪类化石一枚,曾由尹教授为文详加记述,同时还记述了一枝来源不明的鱼粪,推测可能产自我国南部古生代地层中。此外虽有八先后见到鱼粪化石,但多未加注意。1951年10月李德生和马继祥二同志于陕西鄜县葫芦河黑水寺侏罗纪上部地层中,及邠县水北沟三叠弛延长层地层中,采到若干鱼粪化石。此次所采到的材料,保存较佳,以产出地层时代及标本本身状况来讲,在我国化石史尤其鱼粪化石方面,颇饶意义。作者原加以记述。     

黑龙江东部龙爪沟群七虎林组菊石之修定

梁中发和王义刚分别于１９８２年和１９８３年记载了产自黑龙江东部龙爪沟群六虎林组的菊石化石。这些化石标本保存相当差，均为压模标本，当时鉴定计有ＡｒｃｔｏｃｅｐｈａｌｉｔｅｓｐｅｉｄｅｅｎｓｉｓＬｉａｎｇ，ＣａｌｌｉｐｈｙｌｌｏｃｅｒａｓｙｕｎｓｈａｎｅｎｓｅＬｉａｎｇ，ＯｘｙｃｅｒｉｅｓｙｕｎｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓＬｉａｎｇ，Ｌｏｂｏｋｏｓｍｏｃｅｒａｓ？ｓｐ．和Ｓｔｅｎｏｃａｄｏｃｅｒａｓｓｐ．（梁中反，１９８２）；Ａｒｃｔｏｃｐｔｈａｌｉｔｅｓ（Ｃｒａｎｏｃｅｐｈａｌｉｔｅｓ）ｈｕｌｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＷａｎｇ，Ｓｔｅｎｏｃａｄｏｃｅｒａｓ？ｓｐ．和Ｇｅｎ．ｅｔｓｐ．ｉｎｄｅｔ（王义刚，１９８３）９种。尽管他们记述菊石的产出地层名称不一，属、种鉴定也不相同，但这些化石确系产自同一层位或相当的层位中，而且都定其产出的层位时代为中佛罗世Ｂａｔｈｏｎｉａｎ期。最近，经重新研究这些化石的原标本后，认为它们应归于Ｋｅｎｎｉｃｏｔｔｉａ，Ｋｏｓｓｍａｔｉｃｅｒａｓ和Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｈａｐｌｏｃｅｒａｓ（或为ｓｉｌｅｓｉｔｉｄ）这几个类型。从这几个菊石类型的地质历程来看。     

云南曲靖地区下泥盆统小肢鱼(Microbrachius)化石的新发现

记述了胴甲鱼类（ａｎｔｉａｒｃｈｓ）。肢鱼一新种,穿洞小肢鱼（Ｍｉｃｒｏｂｒａｃｈｉｕｓ ｃｈｕａｎｄｏｎｇｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）。该化石发现于云南曲靖下泥盆统上部穿洞组,其时代大致与埃姆斯期（Ｅｍｓｉａｎ）相当。新种在以下 ３点与中华小肢鱼（Ｍ． ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）明显不同： １）个体明显小于中华小肢鱼;２）新种前中背片为三边形,举穴宽;３）新种纹饰在背甲上由纵向排列细而密的嵴组成。新种由于具有较大的中腹片和嵴状纹饰上没有启状突起,因而与小肢鱼的属型种Ｍ． ｄｉｃｋｉ不同。     

山东山旺发现中新世大型猛禽化石

记述了山东山旺地区发现的首件大型猛禽类化石。一新属种,Ｑｉｌｕｏｒｎｉｓ ｔａｉｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓｇｅｎ． ｅｔ ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．。新鸟较我国以前发现的中新世唯一一件大型猛禽类化石,江苏泗洪的顾氏中新鹫（Ｍｉｏａｏｐｉｕｓ ｇｕｉ Ｈｏｕ　１９８４）稍小,但保存更加完整并较进步。这一大型猛禽的发现,为研究早期猛禽的演化,以及山旺组地层与相关地层时代对比提供了重要的资料。     

山东平邑盆地始新世介形类

本文记述了采自山东平邑盆地卞桥组中段的介形类化石１５属２１种,其中１新属,１０新种,并依据Ｓｉｎｏｄａｒｗｉｎｕｌａ属建立Ｓｉｎｏｄａｒｗｉｎｕｌｉｄａｅ新科。根据化石的分析对比,确认含化石地层的时代为始新世早期。介形类化石组合中发现Ｃｙｐｒｉｄｅａ（Ｃｙｐｒｉｄｅａ）ｐｉｎｇｙｉｅｎｓｉｓＧｕａｎｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,这是已知该属在我国出现的最高层位,为研究Ｃｙｐｒｉｄｅａ的演化提供了重要的材料。     

西秦岭若尔盖、迭部志留纪和早泥盆世棘鱼类的首次报道──西秦岭志留纪和泥盆纪脊椎动物研究之一

记述了西秦岭若尔盖、迭部一带志留纪庙沟组（LateWenlockian）和羊路沟组（Pridolian）以及早泥盆世下普通沟组（Lochkovian）棘鱼亚细化石．这些化石被归属于5属7种,其中包含1新属3新种。在国内首次记述了Wenlockian棘鱼类化石和志留～泥盆系过渡带棘鱼序列。     

中国的棘鱼鳍刺化石

简要回顾了中国棘鱼鳍刺化石的研究历史,着重记述了最近采自湖南澧县山门纱帽组的棘鱼鳍刺化石,包括Ｈｕｎａｎａｃａｎｔｈｕｓ ｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｅｏｓｉｎａｃａｎｔｈｕｓ ｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｓｉｎａｃａｎｔｈｕｓ和Ｎｅｏｓｉｎａｃａｎｔｈｕｓ。总的看来,山门的棘鱼化石群和曾祥渊记述过的湘西大庸溶溪组的棘鱼化石群近似。在此基础上,讨论了中国志留纪棘鱼刺体演变趋势和有关生物地层学问题,认为志留纪先后有过两     

贵州盘县大洞更新世灵长类化石

本文记述贵州盘县大洞中－晚更新世洞穴堆积中的猴类化石,数量不多,被归入短尾猴（Ｍａｃａｃａａｒｃｔｏｉｄｅｓ）,熊猴（Ｍ．ｃｆ．ａｓｓａｍｅｎｓｉｓ）和疣猴亚科（Ｃｏｌｏｂｉｎａｅ）本研究为南方洞穴堆积单个灵长类牙齿的鉴定积累一些资料,同时也扩大了贵州省猴类化石的分布。     

早泥盆世原始胴甲鱼类的胸鳍及躯甲之后的结构

记述了产自云南曲靖翠峰山早泥盆世无肢突型云南鱼类一新的属种——西屯副云南鱼（Ｐａｒａｙｕｎｎａｎｏｌｅｐｉｓｘｉｔｕｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｇｅｎ． ｅｔ ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．）。化石保存相当完好,一件是头、胸、尾自然相连的个体,另一件保存了与躯甲相连的左胸鳍甲的腹壁和一件完整的左前背侧片。因而,对迄今知之甚少的早期原始无肢突型胴甲鱼类的胸鳍甲和尾柄有了具体了解。新属一般特征与云南鱼属（Ｙｕｎｎａｎｏｌｅｐｉｓ）和长瘤鱼属（Ｐｈｙｍｏｌｅｐｉｓ）最为接近,不同之处在于鳞片厚、呈疣突状,彼此互不覆压,无尾鳍叶;鳍甲外侧缘高,内（中）缘低,由５列纵向鳍列、每列不少于１０块菱形小鳍片组成。此外,对同层另一类早期具有原始肢突的曲靖鱼（Ｃｈｕｃｈｉｎｏｌｅｐｉｓ）的胸鳍甲着生方位和鳍甲与肩带间的关接方式也进行了讨论。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.