北京大学微生物学实验课模块化教学的探索

微生物学是一门重要的生命科学分支学科,并在很大程度上促进了其他分支学科如分子生物学等的发展。在北京大学新的教学体系下,微生物学实验课被提前到大学一年级本科生选修。为了保证一年级本科生能够掌握微生物学基础实验技术,达到良好的学习效果,作者在参考了国内各综合性大学所编写的微生物学基础实验教材之后,认真梳理了教材中相关微生物学基础实验,明确了微生物基础实验课的教学要求和目的:学生能掌握微生物学基础实验技术并能初步运用这些技术解决实际问题。根据新体系中教学目的,作者重新设计和丰富了微生物基础实验内容,进行了模块化教学的实验教学安排,增强了课程的整体性、连贯性、实用性和开放性,提高了学生学习的兴趣,实现了教学目的。     

本科植物细胞与基因工程研究型实验课程的构建与实践

在本科实验教学中开设研究型综合性实验课程是培养创新性人才的重要教改内容。作者利用自身的科研平台,为本科生开设了植物细胞与基因工程的专业选修课,主要讲授植物组织培养、原生质体分离与培养、植物遗传转化及转基因植物的筛选与鉴定等植物细胞与分子生物学技术原理及实验操作。通过整合植物组织、细胞和分子3个水平的实验教学内容和操作技术,采用集中讲解—独立操作—全天候开放的实验教学模式,并在实验教学中增加自主设计环节,培养本科生的综合性实验设计能力,训练独立操作技能,激发科研兴趣和自主创新意识,从而达到培养本科创新人才的目标。文章总结了开展植物细胞与基因工程实验教学的经验和教学效果,介绍了该实验教学的教学模式、教学内容和方法、考核评价体系,分析了存在的问题,阐述了以高水平科学研究促进实验教学对于深化本科教学改革和培养现代生物技术创新人才的重要性。     

基于生产工艺管理的生物工程综合性实验设计

生物工程综合性实验课程以企业人才需求为导向,解决实际生产过程中的复杂工程问题为教学目标,利用两步酶转化法制备L-天冬氨酸和L-丙氨酸的工艺路线,结合生物工程专业生产工艺管理的特点,借鉴生产企业现场管理经验,实施四班三运转的实验运行方式。成绩考核加入交接班总结评价与团队协作评价,该课程设置了包含多门专业核心课程原理、方法与实验技术和企业生产管理模式的新型生物工程综合性实验教学内容,并通过教学实践,持续改进,形成完整的实验教学过程与考核机制。生物工程综合性实验课程取得了良好的教学效果,促进了生物工程专业实验教学的发展。     

基于微信平台的微课程教学法在“微生物学及检验技术”实验课教学中的应用与研究

为了激发医学检验技术专业学生对"微生物学及检验技术"实验课的学习兴趣、训练实验技能、拓展创新思维、促进素质教育,我们探索了基于微信平台的微课程教学法在该课程实验课的应用。实践证明微课程教学法能有效提升医学检验技术专业学生对该课程的喜爱程度,并有利于学生提升学科成绩,同时有效地增强了学生对学科前沿知识的关注度。     

《基因工程原理》双语课程教学模式的探讨

本文介绍了在《基因工程原理》双语课程教学中,以培养国际型应用型人才为目标,借鉴美英高校课程教学经验,注重培养学生实际应用的技能,建立了"双语教学、任务引领、阶段实践"的教学模式,旨在使学生毕业后能尽快适应工作环境要求。     

A computerized database-management system for curriculum analysis.

This report describes a computerized database-management system designed to allow users to retrieve and report information on the curriculum of an undergraduate pathophysiology course. With the system the user can locate where and in what context a topic is covered in the course and can answer queries and prepare reports concerning, for example, format and duration of sessions, teaching aids used and instructors. The system is a unique tool that can be used to optimize course structure and content. It can easily be expanded to include other undergraduate medical courses, and the techniques can be applied to other disciplines.     

Molecular Diagnostics — an upper division/graduate course

We have developed a course in Molecular Diagnostics suitable as an upper division/Master’s level elective class for Biology, Microbiology, and Biochemistry majors who have already been introduced to basic genetics and molecular biology. The course provides an intensive hands-on laboratory experience in current molecular techniques for disease diagnosis coupled with lecture on major biological topics and concepts underlying disease and disease processes. Its structure and content make the course appropriate not only for students who envision careers in molecular diagnosis, but also for those aspiring to the teaching, research, or medical professions.     

Experiences with Evaluation Procedures in Pathology Teaching at Dalhousie University

The experience of evaluation of both students and course in pathology at Dalhousie Medical School indicates that valuable reproducible and probably objective information is obtained by the use of frequent multiple-choice tests combined with substantial final oral examinations. Course evaluation by student questionnaires has provided useful information on course modifications and teaching techniques. The most informative feature of the evaluation program is in the provision of mechanisms for feedback from students to faculty and among faculty members. By these means weaknesses in teaching have been identified and often corrected. The method has aided in the early identification of poor students and of their areas of weakness so that remedial instruction can be instituted before the final examination.     

Course enhancement: a road map for devising active-learning and inquiry-based science courses

Many college science faculties are frustrated at the performance of students in their courses. While faculty may not have much control over the nature of the students, we do have a great deal of control regarding what and how we teach. Lately, research and policy experts have been calling for college faculty to use new ways of teaching that are "inquiry-based"or use "active-learning techniques. "These calls, however, do not provide a clear pathway for making changes that are likely to succeed and that are relevant to specific disciplines. Course development can be approached in much the same way as our research. This paper develops a strategy for "course development" in terms that are familiar to developmental biologists. Just as research on gastrulation movements benefited from the use of a variety of activities (e.g., vital dye tracking, scanning electron microscopy), course development needs to consider multiple techniques and to make changes in straightforward and purposive ways. Examples from the literature and questions to consider will help the reader find their way to a new style of teaching.     

基于应用的基础微生物学实验教学模式的设计与探索

为提高学生学习的积极性并更好地将微生物学基本技能与科研和生产实践接轨,将应用性、趣味性兼顾的小型科研课题融入教学过程来加深学生对微生物学基本技能的理解,并提高学习的兴趣。通过自选课题的创新性、实验设计的严谨性及结果分析的全面性对学生的综合素质进行评价。这些改革为提高学生对基础微生物学实验的兴趣,加深学生对基础实验技能的认识,同时也为筛选真正对微生物学具有浓厚兴趣的优秀学生做出了有意义的探索。     

疫情常态化下“发酵工程”线上线下混合式教学模式的改革与探索

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控常态化下,线上线下混合式教学成为了许多高校课程采用的新型教学模式。本课程团队以学生为中心,结合传统教学法（Lecture-Based Learning,LBL）和慕课教学的优点,重新构建了“发酵工程”课程的教学过程,对课程的教学目标、教学要求、教学章节、教学考核、教学方法等进行了一系列的改革探索,并尝试了线上翻转课堂和课程思政融入课堂的教学模式,学生自主学习的积极性得以提高,促进、提升了课程的教与学效果。     

Teaching medical students how to break bad news

PROGRAM OBJECTIVE: To teach medical students to break bad news to patients and their families empathically and competently. SETTING: Seven teaching hospitals affiliated with the University of Toronto since 1987. PARTICIPANTS: All medical students in their third preclinical year. PROGRAM: The course presents a 6-point protocol to guide students in breaking bad news and comprises 2 half-day (3-hour) teaching sessions. Each session incorporates a video presentation, a discussion period and small-group teaching, consisting of exercises followed by 4 different role-playing scenarios conducted with the use of standardized patients. The course was evaluated through 2 questionnaires, 1 administered before and 1 after the course, which measured changes in the students'' attitude and strategy. Questionnaires were administered during 5 of the years since the course was started. A total of 914 precourse and 503 postcourse questionnaires were completed, of which 359 matched pairs of precourse and postcourse questionnaires were analysed to study any changes due to the course. OUTCOMES: Precourse questionnaires showed that 68% of the students had thought about the task of breaking bad news often or very often. Of the 56% of students who had seen clinicians performing this task, 75% felt that they had seen good examples. The proportion of the students who had a plan for how to conduct such an interview rose from 49% before the course to 92% after it, and the proportion who felt they might be reasonably competent in breaking bad news rose from 23% before the course to 74% after it. CONCLUSIONS: The subject of breaking bad news is important to medical students, and it is practicable to design a course to teach the basic techniques involved. Most students perceive such a course as enjoyable and useful and find that it increases their sense of competence and their ability to formulate a strategy for such situations.     

基于BOPPPS+翻转课堂的“蛋白质工程”线上线下混合式教学模式探索

“蛋白质工程”是山西省一流本科专业建设点生物技术专业的核心必修课程。为了解决“蛋白质工程”课堂教学模式单一、传授式教学学生参与度不够、听课不认真、授课时间缩短、实验价格昂贵等问题,课程团队进行了“蛋白质工程”课程教学模式改革与实践,提出了适合生物技术专业的“蛋白质工程”教学新策略:构建了基于BOPPPS+翻转课堂的教学模式,线下课堂讲授与学生在线自主学习与完成作业、章节测验和讨论等相结合,全面融入翻转课堂;特别是在“金课”两性一度标准的指导下,课程团队自建慕课(massive open online courses,MOOC)课程资源,利用超星泛雅网络教学平台开展BOPPPS+翻转课堂的“蛋白质工程”线上线下混合式教学工作,构建了全面、系统及动态的“蛋白质工程”课程新教学体系。经过3轮的教学实践表明,课程团队在“蛋白质工程”课程资源建设、探究性实验辅导、课堂研讨设计,以及课程成绩评定方式等方面形成了一套完整、可复制、科学、合理的线上线下混合式教学模式。基于BOPPPS+翻转课堂的“蛋白质工程”线上线下混合式教学模式有助于提高学生的自主学习能力,使学生深度参与到教学的全过程,对“蛋白质工程”有了全面深刻的认识,提高了“蛋白质工程”的教学质量,为后续学生学习其他专业课程奠定了基础,也为课程教学改革提供了参考。     

Characteristics of Authorial Thinking in Young Schoolchildren

One of the relevant problems of educational psychology is the study of conditions ensuring the development of independent thinking in schoolchildren in the course of formal learning. On the one hand, this means that it is necessary to encourage studies in an area traditional to educational psychology, namely, cultivation of techniques of independent problem-solving in schoolchildren. On the other hand, I think it follows from this that new studies are necessary, particularly in the area of teaching children the techniques of independently formulating problems on various topics in their school subjects, i.e., cultivation of techniques of an author's mode of thought.     

Learning-by-doing: experience from 20 years of teaching LCA to future engineers

Purpose

In support of the sustainable development of our societies, future engineers should have elementary knowledge in sustainability assessment and use of life cycle assessment. Publications on pedagogical experience with teaching life cycle assessment (LCA) in high-level education are however scarce. Here, we describe and discuss 20 years of experience in teaching LCA at MSc level in an engineering university with the ambition to share our insights and inspire teaching of LCA as part of a university curriculum.

Methods

We detail the design of an LCA course taught at the Technical University of Denmark since 1997. The course structure relies on (i) a structured combination of theoretical teaching, practical assignments and hands-on practice on LCA case studies, and (ii) the conduct of real-life LCA case studies in collaboration with companies or other organisations. Through the semester-long duration of the course, students from different engineering backgrounds perform full-fledged LCA studies in groups, passing through two iterations—a screening LCA supporting a more targeted LCA.

Results and discussion

The course design, which relies on a learning-by-doing principle, is transparently described to inspire LCA teachers among the readers. Historical evolution and statistics about the course, including its 192 case studies run in collaboration with 105 companies and institutions, are analysed and serve as basis to discuss the benefits and challenges of its different components, such as the theory acquisition, the assignment work, the LCA software learning, the conduct of case studies, the merits of industrial collaborations and grading approaches.

Conclusions

We demonstrate the win-win situation created by the setting of the course, in which the students are actively engaged and learn efficiently how to perform an LCA while the collaborating companies often get useful insights into their analysed case studies. The course can also be an eye opener for companies unfamiliar with LCA, who get introduced to life cycle thinking and the potential benefits of LCA. We have no hesitation in recommending industries and LCA teachers to engage into such collaborations even in the fundamental teaching of LCA techniques.

     

城市绿地系统规划课程教学的生态正义观导入研究

风景园林专业的城市绿地系统规划课程是以规划编制技术为导向的专业课程。在全国高校思想政治工作会议提出培养德才兼备的人才目标的背景之下,于绿规课程教学中导入生态正义观正适应了高校思政教育与专业教育相协同的新要求。文章基于绿规课程教学中重理论轻实践、重形式轻思考、重标准轻责任的现状,结合生态正义观的缘起和内涵,阐述了生态正义观对绿规课程教学的现实意义：利于引导学生对社会的关注;利于保护学生的生命关怀之心;利于培养学生的历史责任感。通过对绿规课程授课内容的模块化分析,将生态正义观的代内正义、代际正义、种际正义三大内涵适时导入,探索了生态正义观在绿规课程教学中的导入途径。     

研究生基因工程实验教学改革探讨

基因工程是一门实践性非常强的专业课程,教学改革是非常必要的。在研究生基因工程实验课的教学过程中,通过加强课程规划,构建和谐课堂,充实教学内容,重视师资队伍建设以及不断将科研内容渗入到教学过程中等方式进行实验教学的教学改革,提高了学生实验兴趣,收到了良好的教学效果。     

“环境污染的生物修复”课程教学改革探索与实践

“环境污染的生物修复(Bioremediation of Environmental Pollution)”是环境科学、环境工程、农业资源与环境等专业的专业选修课,在专业人才培养体系中具有重要地位。针对课程前期教学中存在的问题,任课教师结合高质量人才培养需求,从课程教学目标优化、课程教学内容重构与知识整合、教学方法改革与创新等环节对课程教学进行了改革探索。实践结果表明,改革后的课程教学不仅显著提升了课程教学目标的达成度,还有效提高了学生自主学习能力、思维能力和知识综合运用能力,取得了较好的教学效果。     

《动物病理学》精品课程建设的探索与实践

为加深精品课程内涵的深刻认识,加强对精品课程的指导与建设,有效促进课程体系及教学内容、教学方法和教学手段的改革,以安徽农业大学《动物病理学》国家精品课程的建设为例,从提高教学团队素质、提升教学资源建设、推进课程教学改革等方面总结该门精品课程的建设经验和心得体会。     

农业植物病理学课程在新农科建设中对培养植物医生的作用

农业植物病理学是高校培养植物医生的核心课程,在新农科建设背景下,该课程面临新的机遇和挑战.本文首先分析了目前该课程理论教学及实验教学的现状及不足,并从理论教学方法、理论教学内容、实践教学内容、课程考核方面等探讨了农业植物病理学对培养植物医生的作用,以期为农业植物病理学教学质量的提升及新型植物医生的培养提供参考.