不同药剂对欧洲甘蓝粉虱2种表型的毒力及田间药效

[目的] 欧洲甘蓝粉虱B型和L型是近年来新入侵我国的粉虱类害虫。探究当前欧洲甘蓝粉虱2种表型对不同杀虫剂的敏感性水平，能为合理选择高效杀虫剂进行科学防治提供依据。[方法] 采用浸叶法和喷雾法，对油麦菜上的欧洲甘蓝粉虱进行室内毒力测定和田间药效试验。[结果] 室内毒力测定结果表明：阿维菌素原药对B型和L型成虫毒力均最高，LC₅₀分别为0.57、3.54 mg·L^-1；甲维盐对B型和L型若虫毒力最高，LC₅₀分别为0.65、2.29 mg·L^-1。田间药效试验结果表明：5%阿维菌素EW对B型成虫和L型若虫防效最好，分别为65.77%和94.86%；22%氟啶虫胺腈SC对L型成虫的防治效果最好，防效为92.07%；60%啶虫脒WP对B型若虫的防效最好，为95.65%。[结论] 推荐在田间交替使用5%阿维菌素EW、22%氟啶虫胺腈SC和60%啶虫脒WP防治欧洲甘蓝粉虱B型和L型，同时应加强抗药性监测。     

6种杀虫剂对南美番茄潜叶蛾的毒力及田间防效

[目的]研究6种杀虫剂对南美番茄潜叶蛾卵、幼虫和成虫的毒力及其在温室番茄上的防治效果,为南美番茄潜叶蛾防治提供高效杀虫剂和施药技术。[方法]采用浸渍法和药膜法测定了6种杀虫剂对南美番茄潜叶蛾卵、幼虫和成虫的毒力,田间调查毒力较高杀虫剂对温室番茄上南美番茄潜叶蛾防效。[结果] 6种杀虫剂中的乙基多杀菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和阿维菌素对南美番茄潜叶蛾卵有毒力作用,致死中浓度（LC₅₀）分别为1.415、13.588和23.194 mg·L^-1。6种杀虫剂对南美番茄潜叶蛾幼虫的LC₅₀分别为：阿维菌素0.026 mg·L^-1、四唑虫酰胺0.052 mg·L^-1、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐0.057 mg·L^-1、乙基多杀菌素0.072 mg·L^-1、氯虫苯甲酰胺0.484 mg·L^-1和呋虫胺2.039 mg·L^-1。对于南美番茄潜叶蛾成虫,24 h时,仅甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和四唑虫酰胺对成虫有较高毒力;72 h时,6种杀虫剂对成虫的LC₅₀分别为：甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐0.390 mg·L^-1、乙基多杀菌素1.646 mg·L^-1、四唑虫酰胺2.630 mg·L^-1、呋虫胺5.577 mg·L^-1、阿维菌素22.502 mg·L^-1和氯虫苯甲酰胺39.636 mg·L^-1。在成虫盛发期第4天施药,阿维菌素、四唑虫酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、乙基多杀菌素在南美番茄潜叶蛾危害严重的温室番茄上防效达80%以上。[结论]阿维菌素、四唑虫酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、乙基多杀菌素、氯虫苯甲酰胺和呋虫胺对南美番茄潜叶蛾卵、幼虫或成虫有较高毒力,其中阿维菌素、四唑虫酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和乙基多杀菌素田间防效较好。     

防治扶桑绵粉蚧化学农药的筛选及其防治效果

为寻求防治扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley有效化学药剂,在室内测定了9种化学农药对该虫的致死效果,在此基础上,选出4种农药进行了田间防治试验.结果表明,室内条件下三氯杀螨醇、阿维菌素、阿维-氯氰、联苯菊酯4种药剂对成虫的校正死亡率在23.7%～66.7%之间,明显低于对1龄若虫的作用效齐果;高效氯氟氰菊酯、吡虫啉、啶虫脒和毒死蜱4种化学药剂,在田问施药后第5天的防治效果可达到91%以上,其中啶虫脒和毒死蜱的防治效果分别达到95.6%和98.2%.在防治应用中,建议推荐高效氯氟氰菊酯、吡虫啉、啶虫脒、马拉硫磷和毒死蜱5种药剂,同时应注意针对不同的虫态有必要适当调整用药浓度(就除害处理而言)和施药次数,以达到理想的防治效果.     

番茄潜叶蛾对不同类型杀虫剂的敏感性

【目的】番茄潜叶蛾是一种对番茄具有毁灭性危害的世界入侵害虫,本研究测定了不同类型药剂对入侵害虫番茄潜叶蛾的毒力活性及防治效果,为生产中科学防治番茄潜叶蛾提供理论依据。【方法】采用室内毒力测定方法,计算各药剂对不同龄期幼虫的毒力回归方程;采用田间防效评价方法,得出药后1~21 d各药剂对幼虫的防效,综合比较分析不同类型药剂对番茄潜叶蛾的控制作用。【结果】室内毒力测定结果表明,植物源杀虫剂印楝素和抗生素类杀虫剂甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对番茄潜叶蛾的毒性相对最强,其中印楝素对1龄幼虫的毒力最强,其LC₅₀为3.22 mg·L^-1,甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对2~4龄幼虫的毒力最强,其LC₅₀分别为7.1046、7.5663和4.375 mg·L^-1;其次是苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂氯虫苯甲酰胺和合成杀虫剂乙基多杀菌素;拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂高效氯氰菊酯、昆虫生长调节剂类杀虫剂甲氧虫酰肼对番茄潜叶蛾也有较好的毒杀作用;新烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、烯啶虫胺对番茄潜叶蛾的毒性相对较弱。田间防效结果表明,抗生素类杀虫剂甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的防效相对最高、持效性最好,药后第7、14和21天防效分别为74.11%、71.42%和60.03%;其次是苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂氯虫苯甲酰胺、合成杀虫剂乙基多杀菌素和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂高效氯氰菊酯;植物源杀虫剂印楝素的持效性较好,药后第7~21天的防效均高于50%;昆虫生长调节剂类杀虫剂甲氧虫酰肼以及新烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、烯啶虫胺对番茄潜叶蛾的田间防效相对较弱。【结论】抗生素类杀虫剂甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂氯虫苯甲酰胺和合成杀虫剂乙基多杀菌素可作为生产中防治番茄潜叶蛾的首选药剂,具有较好的应用前景,植物源杀虫剂印楝素和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂高效氯氰菊酯可作为交替使用药剂。     

多杀菌素对天敌昆虫白蛾周氏啮小蜂的毒力评估

[目的] 生物防治与化学防治相结合是害虫综合防治的重要策略,蛹寄生蜂白蛾周氏啮小蜂是一种重要的天敌昆虫,在美国白蛾的生物防控中起关键作用。本研究旨在评估农林生产中常用的广谱、低毒杀虫剂多杀菌素对白蛾周氏啮小蜂的安全性。[方法] 采用药膜法检测多杀菌素对小蜂的毒力,并检测亚致死浓度多杀菌素处理后,小蜂体内解毒酶活性的变化。[结果] 多杀菌素对小蜂无短期（1 h）触杀作用,但随施药时间延长,其对小蜂的毒杀作用增强,25 mg·L^-1多杀菌素施药2 h后,可诱导约18.67%小蜂个体死亡。施药4 h后,不同浓度多杀菌素对小蜂的毒杀作用差异最明显,低浓度（5 mg·L^-1）多杀菌素可诱导11.33%小蜂死亡,而中、高浓度多杀菌素（≥ 15 mg·L^-1）可诱导77.33%~88.00%个体死亡。施药6 h后,LC₅₀值达7.44 mg·L^-1,安全系数为0.31,属高风险性农药。此外,亚致死浓度多杀菌素可明显诱导小蜂羧酸酯酶活性提高,对乙酰胆碱酯酶与谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶活性具有剂量效应。[结论] 多杀菌素对白蛾周氏啮小蜂的毒力作用较强,在美国白蛾生防区需慎用。     

新烟碱类杀虫剂对新菠萝灰粉蚧的毒力

新菠萝灰粉蚧Dysmicoccus neobrevipes Beardsley是近年我国新发现的一种外来物种,是危害剑麻的主要害虫之一,本研究旨在筛选出防治新菠萝灰粉蚧的有效杀虫剂。采用喷雾法测定了啶虫脒、呋虫胺、噻虫胺、噻虫嗪和烯啶虫胺等5种新烟碱类杀虫剂对新菠萝灰粉蚧不同虫态的室内毒力。研究结果表明:5种新烟碱类杀虫剂对新菠萝灰粉蚧均有显著的触杀作用,对新菠萝灰粉蚧的毒力随着龄期的增长而减小。其中,烯啶虫胺对新菠萝灰粉蚧的毒力最高,对新菠萝灰粉蚧1龄、2龄、3龄若虫和雌成虫的LC_(50)分别为0.1406 mg/L、0.1550 mg/L、0.3870 mg/L和0.5060 mg/L。啶虫脒和噻虫嗪的毒力低于烯啶虫胺,呋虫胺和噻虫胺的毒力最低。不同龄期新菠萝灰粉蚧对同一药剂的敏感性表现为:1龄2龄3龄雌成虫。烯啶虫胺对新菠萝灰粉蚧的触杀毒力最好,可作为防治新菠萝灰粉蚧的备选药剂。     

不同农药对木瓜秀粉蚧的毒力及复配增效作用

为筛选对入侵害虫木瓜秀粉蚧毒力较好的农药及复配增效配比,为该虫的化学药剂防治提供理论依据,本文采用叶面喷雾法测定了11种农药对木瓜秀粉蚧2龄若虫的室内毒力,挑选毒力较好的两种药剂进行复配,筛选增效配比,并进行田间药效试验。结果表明,11种农药对木瓜秀粉蚧的毒力大小依次为:螺螨酯>哒螨灵>噻虫胺>联苯菊酯>矿物油>高效氯氰菊酯>炔螨特>啶虫脒>吡虫啉>噻螨酮>四螨嗪。哒螨灵与螺螨酯(60∶40)复配共毒系数最大,为182.47。田间药效试验发现,混配药剂防效均高于单剂且达到差异显著。     

厌氧氨氧化菌混培物生长及代谢动力学研究1

研究了厌氧氨氧化菌混培物的动力学特性。测得细胞产率系数1.573mgVS(mmol NH⁺₄)^-1;细胞衰减常数0.052mgVS(g·VS·d)^-1。厌氧氨氧化菌混培物的最大氨氧化速率1.320～2.761mmol(gVS·d)^-1,最大亚硝酸盐转化(反硝化)速率14.497mmol(gVS·d)^-1。厌氧氨氧化菌混培物利用氨的Km值1.801～4.215mmol·L^-1,利用亚硝酸盐的Km值0.468mmol·L^-1。氨自身的抑制常数38.018～98.465mmol·L^-1,实际最大氨氧化速率的氨浓度16.656mmol·L^-1。亚硝酸盐对厌氧氨氧化的抑制常数5.401～11.995mmol·L^-1。厌氧氨氧化的最适pH7.605。厌氧氨氧化的最适温度30℃。V_maxa、K_ma、K_ia和K_in的活化能依次为37.316、30.239、33.695和30473kJ·mol^-1。     

皂荚提取物的杀螺活性

[目的]研究皂荚生物农药活性,开发利用皂荚资源,发展环境友好的绿色植物源农药。[方法]采用室内生测和田间试验研究皂荚壳乙醇提取物的杀螺活性。[结果]皂荚提取物对福寿螺有显著的毒杀活性,对幼螺和成螺72 h的LC₅₀分别为40.56、109.83 mg·L^-1。田间试验表明,皂荚提取物对福寿螺有较好的防效,施用40 g·m^-2的皂荚提取物处理7 d后卵块减少率为100.00%（成螺失去产卵的能力）,防效为（99.12±1.26）%。[结论]皂荚提取物对福寿螺较好的生物防治效果,是一种潜在的生物杀螺剂。     

褐飞虱对五种杀虫剂抗性的快速检测技术

【目的】建立褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens对常用杀虫剂抗性的快速检测技术,实时掌握田间褐飞虱种群的抗药性水平,以指导褐飞虱防控合理用药。【方法】基于玻璃瓶药膜法,研制褐飞虱3龄若虫对吡虫啉、啶虫脒、醚菊酯、毒死蜱和异丙威5种杀虫剂抗性的快速检测试剂盒;利用试剂盒测定的死亡率与稻苗浸渍法测得的抗性倍数进行相关性分析,并验证利用试剂盒快速测定褐飞虱田间种群对5种杀虫剂 抗性水平的准确性。【结果】处理1 h时吡虫啉、啶虫脒、醚菊酯、毒死蜱和异丙威对褐飞虱室内敏感种群3龄若虫的LD₉₀分别为：30.96, 92.05, 117.24, 514.21和1.24 ng/cm²。在吡虫啉、啶虫脒、醚菊酯、毒死蜱和异丙威相应诊断剂量下,贵州省不同田间种群褐飞虱3龄若虫的校正死亡率分别在23.75%~78.75%, 25.00%~78.75%, 43.75%~88.75%, 36.25%~85.00%和18.75%~67.50%之间。相关性分析表明,上述田间种群褐飞虱3龄若虫的死亡率与稻苗浸渍法测定的抗性倍数呈显著负相关,相关系数在0.8751~0.9754之间。通过快速检测试剂盒获得的死亡率及相关性方程计算得到贵州安龙地区(AL)褐飞虱种群对吡虫啉、啶虫脒、醚菊酯、毒死蜱和异丙威的推测抗性倍数分别为7.23, 3.68, 4.14, 4.12和31.18,采用稻苗浸渍法测得上述5种杀虫剂的实测抗性倍数分别为6.33, 5.24, 3.71, 4.50和26.56,表明推测抗性倍数与实测的抗性倍数结果表现一致。【结论】该快速检测试剂盒可以通过测定褐飞虱田间种群的死亡率,快速评估褐飞虱田间种群对杀虫剂的抗性水平。     

Foreign exploration for Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and associated natural enemies on avocado (Persea americana Miller)

Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara was discovered attacking avocados in California, USA, in 1996. Host plant surveys in California indicated that S. perseae has a highly restricted host range with larvae being found only on avocados, while adults were collected from 11 different plant species. As part of a management program for this pest, a “classical” biological control program was initiated and foreign exploration was conducted to delineate the home range of S. perseae, to survey for associated natural enemies and inventory other species of phytophagous thrips on avocados grown in Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, and Brazil. Foreign exploration efforts indicate that S. perseae occurs on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1500 m) from Uruapan in Mexico south to areas around Guatemala City in Guatemala. In Costa Rica, S. perseae is replaced by an undescribed congener as the dominant phytophagous thrips on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1300 m). No species of Scirtothrips were found on avocados in the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, or Brazil. In total, 2136 phytophagous thrips were collected and identified, representing over 47 identified species from at least 19 genera. The significance of these species records is discussed. Of collected material 4% were potential thrips biological control agents. Natural enemies were dominated by six genera of predatory thrips (Aeolothrips, Aleurodothrips, Franklinothrips, Leptothrips, Scolothrips, and Karnyothrips). One genus each of parasitoid (Ceranisus) and predatory mite (Balaustium) were found. Based on the results of our sampling techniques, prospects for the importation of thrips natural enemies for use in a “classical” biological control program in California against S. perseae are not promising.     

Structural Peculiarities of Na+,K+-ATPase Isozymes from the Calf Brain

Functionally active preparations of Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase isozymes from calf brain that contain catalytic subunits of three types (1, 2, and 3) were obtained using two approaches: a selective removal of contaminating proteins by the Jorgensen method and a selective solubilization of the enzyme with subsequent reconstitution of their membrane structure by the Esmann method. The ouabain inhibition constants were determined for the isozymes. The real isozyme composition of the Na⁺ pump from the grey matter containing glial cells and the brain stem containing neurons was determined. The plasma membranes of glial cells were shown to contain mainly Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase of the 11 type and minor amounts of isozymes of the 22(1) and the 31(2) type. The axolemma contains 21 and 31 isozymes. A carbohydrate analysis indicated that 11 enzyme preparations from the brain grey matter substantially differ from the renal enzymes of the same composition in the glycosylation of the 1 isoform. An enhanced sensitivity of the 3 catalytic subunit of Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase from neurons to endogenous proteolysis was found. A point of specific proteolysis in the amino acid sequence PNDNR⁴⁹² Y⁴⁹³ was localized (residue numbering is that of the human 3 subunit). This sequence corresponds to one of the regions of the greatest variability in 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-subunits, but at the same time, it is characteristic of the 3 isoforms of various species. The presence of the 3 isoform of tubulin (cytoskeletal protein) was found for the first time in the high-molecular-mass Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase 31 isozyme complex isolated from the axolemma of brain stem neurons, and its binding to the 3 catalytic subunit was shown.     

Characterization of SSEA-1 glycolipids from the brain of a patient with fucosidosis

Neutral glycolipids from the brain of a patient with Fucosidosis were analyzed and two complex glycolipids containing five and eight sugars were isolated from the cortical grey matter. These two glycolipids reacted with antibodies recognizing the SSEA-1 [Le^x(X)] carbohydrate determinant. SSEA-1 glycolipids are normally expressed in human embryonic brain but are found in only small amounts in postnatal human brain. The accumulation of the two SSEA-1 glycolipids in Fucosidosis brain thus represents a defect which affects the normal developmentally regulated decrease in postnatal, expression of these glycolipids, and may be a contributing factor in the abnormal brain development associated with the disease. Chemical characterization of the two isolated glycolipids by gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses has identified the two glycolipids as lacto-N-fucopentaosylceramide (III) and difucosyl-neolactonorhexaosylceramide.Abbreviations DCl direct chemical ionization - FAB tastatiom bombardment - GC gas chromatography - GSLs glycosphingolipids - MS mass spectrometry - SSEA-1 stage specific embryonic antigen-1 - TLC thin layer chromatographys     

1H and13C-NMR analysis of four pentasaccharides from urine of blood-group A and B,Leb adults. Confirmation of the structure of two new oligosaccharides: Fuc(α1–2)[GalNAc(α1–3)]Gal(β1–3)[Fuc(α1–4)]Glc and Fuc(α1–2)[Gal(α1–3)]Gal(β1–3)[Fuc(α1–4)]Glc

The major pentasaccharides Fuc(1-2)[GalNAc(1-3)]Gal(1-4)[Fuc(1-3)]Glc and Fuc(1-2) [Gal(1-3)]Gal(1-4)[Fuc(1-3)]Glc, which are normally present in the urine of bloodgroup A Le^b and B Le^b healthy subjects, were each found to be contaminated by a minor component when analysed by¹H-NMR. The determination of these structures, Fuc(1-2) [GalNAc(1-3)]Gal(1-3)[Fuc(1-4)]Glc and Fuc(1-2) [Gal(1-3)]Gal(1-3)[Fuc(1-4)]Glc, was based on the results of methylation analysis and¹H/¹³C-NMR spectroscopy.Abbreviations HPLC high performance liquid chromatography - GLC gas liquid chromatography - NMR nuclear magnetic resonance - COSY correlation spectroscopy - Gal d-galactopyranose - GalNAc 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-galactopyranose - Glc d-glucopyranose - Fuc l-fucopyranose - LNDFH I lacto-N-difucohexaose I (Le^b determinant     

Phylogeny of cardinalfishes (Teleostei: Gobiiformes: Apogonidae) and the evolution of visceral bioluminescence

The cardinalfishes (Apogonidae) are a diverse clade of small, mostly reef-dwelling fishes, for which a variety of morphological data have not yielded a consistent phylogeny. We use DNA sequence to hypothesize phylogenetic relationships within Apogonidae and among apogonids and other acanthomorph families, to examine patterns of evolution including the distribution of a visceral bioluminescence system. In conformance with previous studies, Apogonidae is placed in a clade with Pempheridae, Kurtidae, Leiognathidae, and Gobioidei. The apogonid genus Pseudamia is recovered outside the remainder of the family, not as sister to the superficially similar genus Gymnapogon. Species sampled from the Caribbean and Western Atlantic (Phaeoptyx, Astrapogon, and some Apogon species) form a clade, as do the larger-bodied Glossamia and Cheilodipterus. Incidence of visceral bioluminescence is found scattered throughout the phylogeny, independently for each group in which it is present. Examination of the fine structure of the visceral bioluminescence system through histology shows that light organs exhibit a range of morphologies, with some composed of complex masses of tubules (Siphamia, Pempheris, Parapriacanthus) and others lacking tubules but containing chambers formed by folds of the visceral epithelium (Acropoma, Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia). Light organs in Siphamia, Acropoma, Pempheris and Parapriacanthus are distinct from but connected to the gut; those in Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia are simply portions of the intestinal tract, and are little differentiated from the surrounding tissues. The presence or absence of symbiotic luminescent bacteria does not correlate with light organ structure; the tubular light organs of Siphamia and chambered tubes of Acropoma house bacteria, those in Pempheridae and the other Apogonidae do not.     

The evolution of the Hox cluster: insights from outgroups

Two burgeoning research trends are helping to reconstruct the evolution of the Hox cluster with greater detail and clarity. First, Hox genes are being studied in a broader phylogenetic sampling of taxa: the past year has witnessed important new data from teleost fishes, onychophorans, myriapods, polychaetes, glossiphoniid leeches, ribbon worms, and sea anemones. Second, commonly accepted notions of animal relationships are being challenged by alternative phylogenetic hypotheses that are causing us to rethink the evolutionary relationships of important metazoan lineages, especially arthropods, annelids, nematodes, and platyhelminthes.     

Biological control of three floating water weeds,<Emphasis Type="Italic">Eichhornia crassipes,Pistia stratiotes</Emphasis>, and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salviniamolesta</Emphasis> in the Republic of Congo

Since 1999, four specific weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) were released in the Republic of Congo against three exotic floating water weeds: Neochetina eichhorniae Warner and N. bruchi Hustache against water hyacinth, Neohydronomus affinis Hustache against water lettuce, and Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands against water fern. Recoveries of exotic weevils were made from all 24 release sites except one, and all four species have established and spread (up to 800 km for water hyacinth weevils). Within a few years of releases, control of water fern and water lettuce was such that fishing and navigation could be resumed, while reductions of water hyacinth populations were only beginning.     

A molecular phylogeny of Hebeloma species from Europe

In order to widen the scope of existing phylogenies of the ectomycorrhizal agaric genus Hebeloma a total of 53 new rDNA ITS sequences from that genus was generated, augmented by sequences retrieved from GenBank, and analysed using Bayesian, strict consensus and neighbour joining methods. The lignicolous Hebelomina neerlandica, Gymnopilus penetrans, and two species of Galerina served as outgroup taxa. Anamika indica, as well as representatives of the genera Hymenogaster and Naucoria, were included to test the monophyly of Hebeloma, which is confirmed by the results. Hebeloma, Naucoria, Hymenogaster and Anamika indica cluster in a strongly supported monophyletic hebelomatoid clade. All trees largely reflect the current infrageneric classification within Hebeloma, and divide the genus into mostly well-supported monophyletic groups surrounding H. crustuliniforme, H. velutipes, H. sacchariolens, H. sinapizans, and H. radicosum, with H. sarcophyllum being shown at an independent position; however this is not well supported. The section Indusiata divides with strong support into three groups, the position of the pleurocystidiate Hebeloma cistophilum suggests the possible existence of a third subsection within sect. Indusiata. Subsection Sacchariolentia is raised to the rank of section.     

N-andO-glycosylation of glycoprotein C synthesized by Herpes simplex virus type 1-infected ricin resistant cells

The progeny of Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) grown in ricin-resistant 14 cells (Ric^R14) lackingN-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I was released in the extracellular medium at a very low rate. By using a monoclonal antibody immobilized on Sepharose we purified from HSV-1-infected Ric^R14 cells a viral glycoprotein (gC), which carries bothN-andO-linked oligosaccharides. Glycopeptides obtained from [³H]mannoselabeled gC by Pronase digestion were entirely susceptible to endo--N-acetylglucosaminidase H, and the major oligosaccharide released was Man₄GlcNAc. The accumulation of this high-mannose species was related to the enzymic defect of the host cells and to the long retention of the viral glycoprotein within the cells. The extent ofO-glycosylation evaluated in [¹⁴C]glucosamine-labeled gC from Ric^R14 cells as compared to that of gC from wild type cells did not appear to be significantly modified.Abbreviations Con A concanavalin A - BHK cells baby hamster kidney cells - HSV Herpes simplex virus