Varp蛋白影响人宫颈癌Hela细胞增殖及凋亡的研究

目的：探讨Varp蛋白对人宫颈癌Hela细胞增殖及凋亡的影响。方法：构建稳定表达Varp蛋白的Hela细胞株,通过氚标胸腺嘧啶核苷酸（3H—TdR）掺入法及碘化丙啶（PI）染色流式细胞术检测Varp蛋白对Hela细胞增殖、凋亡等方面的影响。结果：稳定表达Varp蛋白的Hela细胞相对于对照细胞,其增殖明显下降,而凋亡明显增加。结论：Varp蛋白在Hela细胞中稳定过表达能够增加细胞凋亡,抑制细胞增殖。     

重组腺病毒Ad-HGF体外感染成纤维细胞后转染效率及表达的检测

押检测携带人肝细胞生长因子基因的重组腺病毒Ad-HGF在体外对成纤维细胞的感染效率以及感染细胞对目的蛋白的表达。以不同感染复数(m.o.i.)(25,50,100,200)的Ad-GFP感染NIH3T3细胞,48h时用流式细胞仪检测转染效率;以50m.o.i.感染NIH3T3细胞后48h,用ELISA和Western印迹杂交法分别检测感染上清中HGF的表达。分别以50m.o.i.的Ad-GFP和Ad-HGF感染原代培养人瘢痕成纤维细胞,以检测重组腺病毒对原代培养人瘢痕成纤维细胞的转染效率和其对HGF的表达。结果表明,当m.o.i.为50时,重组腺病毒对NIH3T3细胞的转染效率已达95%以上;HGF的表达量可达每2×106细胞249ng;并可检测到HGF蛋白的一特异杂交带。以50m.o.i.的Ad-GFP感染原代培养人瘢痕成纤维细胞,72h时GFP表达达高峰,此时转染效率可高达36.75%。Ad-HGF感染原代培养人瘢痕成纤维细胞后HGF的表达在72h时达高峰,表达量可达每3.3×105细胞66ng。初步认为重组腺病毒可有效地介导HGF基因转染正常或瘢痕成纤维细胞,且感染细胞可有效表达目的蛋白。     

NLS-RARα蛋白在重组腺病毒Ad-NE感染的NB4中定位的验证

该实验主要验证重组腺病毒Ad．NE感染NB4细胞后,NLS-RARa蛋白的表达及其定位。用重组腺病毒Ad-NE感染NB4细胞,检测感染效率,分别用RT-PCR和Westernblot法在mRNA水平和蛋白水平验证转染成功：提取转染成功的NB4细胞的核蛋白,Westernblot法检测细胞核中NLS—RARα蛋白的表达;FITC—AnnexinV／DAPI双染色免疫荧光法检测转染成功的NB4细胞NLS-RARα的表达及定位;FITC—AnnexinV／PI双染色激光共聚焦法检测转染成功的NB4细胞中PNLS-RARα的表达及定位。结果显示,重组腺病毒Ad—NE和阴性对照腺病毒Ad-KZ对NB4细胞的感染效率可达70％～80％。RT-PCR和Westernblot结果显示,感染了重组腺病毒Ad—NLS-RAR的NB4细胞成功表龇基因和NE蛋白,且有NLS．RARa的蛋白表达。用细胞免疫荧光法、激光共聚焦法检测出已感染的NB4细胞中NLS—RARer蛋白的表达,并推测其主要定位于胞核。综上所述,该文成功用重组腺病毒Ad-NE感染NB4细胞,并用Westernblot法、免疫荧光法、激光共聚焦法验证了NLS-RARα蛋白的存在并推测其定位,为进一步研究急性早幼粒细胞白血病的早期诊断及复发监测提供了新的思路。     

DN-AMPK腺病毒载体的构建及其在小鼠成肌细胞系C2C12肌管分化中的影响

在研究AMPK的调控网络时,通常利用过表达显性失活突变型AMPK(dominant negative AMPK,DN-AMPK)作为研究手段来验证AMPK在某些重要生理病理调节通路中的关键作用。旨在利用Ad5腺病毒载体体系构建Ad-DN-AMPK表达载体,并在成肌细胞系C2C12中检测无活性AMPK高表达后对C2C12细胞分化为肌管细胞的影响。通过构建AMPKα1(D159A)和AMPKα2(K45R)的腺病毒表达载体,在HEK293细胞中成功包装并扩增出完整的腺病毒,待其感染能力基本稳定后,将腺病毒感染C2C12,利用激光定量成像仪检测其感染滴度,感染效率能高达100%,并且能够持续表达6 d。DN-AMPK高表达后,AMPK常用激活剂A769662(SN-5)不能激活AMPK,表现为AMPK下游蛋白活性丧失,如ACC磷酸化无变化。通过实时定量PCR的方法,检测DN-AMPK对C2C12分化为肌管细胞的影响,结果表明过表达DN-AMPK能够促进C2C12细胞分化为肌管细胞的标记蛋白(Myod和Myogenin)的表达,即促进C2C12分化为肌管细胞。     

人Sema4C重组腺病毒载体的构建及其在小鼠成肌细胞系C2C12中的表达

利用Ad5腺病毒载体系统构建人Sema4C基因重组腺病毒表达载体并在成肌细胞系C2C12中表达,并初步探讨Sema4C基因在成肌发育过程中的可能作用。利用脂质体介导重组腺病毒载体转染HEK293细胞,包装出完整的腺病毒;将重组腺病毒载体感染C2C12成肌细胞后,利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察发现12h即有绿色荧光表达,24h后绿色荧光蛋白表达最强;流式细胞仪检测病毒的感染效率几乎达100%。WB检测结果表明感染重组腺病毒载体组C2C12细胞Sema4C蛋白的表达量明显高于空载体对照组（P<0.01）。为了进一步观察Sema4C基因对C2C12细胞增殖分化的影响,流式细胞仪检测了病毒感染48h后C2C12细胞的增殖指数,并对感染后诱导分化的C2C12细胞的分化情况进行了观察。我们的结果首次表明,过表达外源性人Sema4C基因不仅能使C2C12细胞的G0/G1期比例增加,细胞的增殖指数下降,同时在分化培养条件下还能促进C2C12细胞肌管的形成。     

汉坦病毒包膜糖蛋白G2重组腺病毒的构建及其在Hela细胞中的表达

本研究旨在构建可表达汉坦病毒(HTNV)糖蛋白G2的重组腺病毒。应用PCR方法扩增G2编码基因,经T/A克隆、测序鉴定后再亚克隆到腺病毒shuttle载体pAd5-CMV中并用磷酸钙沉淀法分别将携带G2编码基因的重组腺病毒shuttle载体与携带报告基因eGFP的腺病毒骨架质粒共转染HEK293细胞,包装、扩增、纯化后得到携带HTNV糖蛋白G2编码基因的重组腺病毒;用重组腺病毒感染Hela细胞并收获蛋白,间接免疫荧光、Western blotting检测蛋白表达。经酶切鉴定表明已成功构建了携带G2基因的重组腺病毒载体;RT-PCR鉴定表明目的基因能够在感染重组腺病毒的Hela细胞中转录;荧光显微镜观察重组腺病毒感染的Hela细胞,可见报告基因eGFP的表达;间接免疫荧光法和Western blotting均证实表达产物可被抗G2单克隆抗体所识别,表明糖蛋白G2在感染细胞中得到了表达。本研究成功构建了可表达HTNV包膜糖蛋白G2的重组腺病毒,转染宿主细胞可稳定表达目的蛋白,为HTNV糖蛋白G2的结晶、结构解析研究以及新型汉坦病毒疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

抑制RAGE表达的siRNA重组腺病毒载体的构建及鉴定

目的构建特异性针对细胞膜上晚期糖基化终末产物受体（RAGE）的小干扰RNA（siRNA）腺病毒载体,鉴定其对大鼠胰岛β细胞系INS-1细胞RAGE表达的影响。方法设计并合成针对大鼠RAGE基因的siRNA的靶DNA序列,克隆于穿梭载体pAdTrack中,与腺病毒骨架质粒pAdeasy-1在BJ5183细菌中进行同源重组,脂质体法转染至QB1293A细胞中包装,获得RAGE—siRNA的重组腺病毒,荧光显微镜观察RAGE—siRNA感染INS-1细胞后绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）的表达,Western印迹检测RAGE的蛋白表达。结果成功制备RAGE—siRNA重组腺病毒,在INS-1细胞中RAGE—siRNA感染效率达到90％以上,并能够抑制INS-1细胞RAGE的表达。结论成功构建了携带RAGE的siRNA重组腺病毒载体,能有效沉默INS-1细胞中RAGE的表达。     

高表达trip-1蛋白对大鼠肾小管上皮细胞转分化的影响

目的:研究上调大鼠肾小管上皮细胞中trip-1蛋白的表达量对TGF-β1诱导的上皮细胞转分化的影响.方法:包装人TRIP-1基因重组腺病毒,用其感染NRK52E细胞36h上调内源性trip-1蛋白表达量,之后用10 ng/ml的TGF-β1对细胞进行刺激诱导,72h后做Western Blot检测细胞中E-cadherin蛋白和α-SMA蛋白表达量.结果:①包装的人TRIP-1基因重组腺病毒感染细胞能够有效上调细胞中trip-1蛋白的表达量.②上调细胞中trip-1蛋白表达量,对TGF-β1引起的NRK52E细胞中E-cadherin蛋白表达水平降低有所抑制,但对TGF-β1引起的NRK52E细胞中α-SMA蛋白表达水平升高没有明显调节作用.结论:上调大鼠肾小管上皮细胞中trip-1蛋白的表达量在一定程度上抑制了TGF-β1诱导的NRK52E细胞转分化.     

抑癌基因Fhit重组腺病毒的构建表达及其在结肠癌细胞中的生物学功能

目的：构建携带抑癌基因Fhit的重组腺病毒并通过其研究Fhit蛋白对结直肠癌细胞增殖能力的影响。方法：利用PCR方法从人胎肝文库中克隆Fhit基因片段,Fhit基因PCR产物连入T载体构建重组质粒pMD18T-Fhit。测序正确后,将基因片段导入ptrack-CMV穿梭质粒中,构建重组穿梭载体ptrack-CMV-Fhit。将经PmeⅠ 单酶切线性化的ptrack-CMV-Fhit和骨架腺病毒质粒pAdEasy-1共转BJ5183大肠杆菌,使ptrack-CMV-Fhit和pAdEasy-1发生同源重组。经PacI酶切鉴定正确后,将重组腺病毒质粒转染293A细胞获得表达Fhit蛋白的重组腺病毒rAd-Fhit,将获得的重组腺病毒感染结肠癌细胞,采用蛋白印迹法检测外源Fhit蛋白的表达,并进一步观察其对细胞增殖能力的影响。结果：我们成功构建了携带有Fhit基因的重组腺病毒,且能够在结肠癌细胞中成功表达Fhit蛋白。在结肠癌细胞中,Fhit蛋白明显减弱了结肠癌细胞的增殖能力。结论：在结肠癌细胞中,Fhit基因可能扮演抑癌基因的角色,而表达Fhit的重组腺病毒很可能成为一种结肠癌生物治疗的新策略。     

Pax3对神经细胞中的转录调控作用的实验研究

摘要 目的：探讨Pax3的过表达对Neuro-2a细胞中转录本的表达影响,初步分析Pax3对Neuro-2a细胞可能的转录调控作用。方法：反复冻融裂解法获取Pax3过表达腺病毒后将神经瘤母细胞系Neuro-2a传代培养,而后将Pax3过表达腺病毒和传代培养后的Neuro-2a细胞加入到同一培养皿中,蛋白质免疫印迹（Western blot）检测过表达Pax3蛋白的Neuro-2a细胞（Pax3过表达组）和对照组（NC组）Neuro-2a细胞的Pax3蛋白表达水平,实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）法检测Pax3过表达组和NC组Neuro-2a细胞的Pax3mRNA水平,Trizol法提取Pax3过表达组和NC组Neuro-2a细胞的总RNA,然后进行全转录本测序,最后将选出的有差异性的基因使用实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）验证。结果：与NC组相比,Pax3过表达组的Pax3蛋白和Pax3mRNA表达水平明显升高（P＜0.05）;Pax3过表达组中发现了1045个基因表达上调,1313个基因表达下调。通过qRT-PCR验证发现在Pax3过表达组中Nppb和Chrna5表达水平上升（P＜0.05）,Arhgap5、Rock1、Rif1、Brca2、Prkg2和Stag2表达水平下降（P＜0.05）。结论：Pax3过表达腺病毒感染Neuro-2a细胞后,其蛋白和mRNA表达水平均升高,Rock1、Rif1和Stag2可能作为Pax3的下游靶点参与调控Neuro-2a细胞周期和干细胞特性。     

Viral vectors for the treatment of alcoholism: Use of metabolic flux analysis for cell cultivation and vector production

The HEK293 cell line has been used for the production of adenovirus vectors to be used in the potential treatment of alcoholism using a gene therapy strategy. Culture optimization and scale-up has been achieved by first adapting the cells to serum-free media and secondly by growing them in suspension. Adenovirus production after infection was increased, resulting in higher specific glucose consumption and lactate accumulation rates compared to the growth phase. We applied media design tools and Metabolic Flux Analysis (MFA) to compare the metabolic states of cells during growth and adenovirus production and to optimize culture media according to the metabolic demand of the cells in terms of glucose and glutamine concentrations. This allowed obtaining a higher maximum cell concentration and increased adenovirus production by minimizing the production of metabolites that can have an inhibitory effect on cell growth. We have proposed a stoichiometric equation for adenovirus synthesis. MFA results allowed determination of how these changes in composition affected the way cells distribute their nutrient resources during cell growth and virus production. Virus purification was successfully achieved using chromatography and Aqueous Two-Phase Systems (ATPS).     

Expression of beta-galactosidase and pig leptin gene in vitro by recombinant adenovirus

Adenovirus has been used in vivo and in vitro as a vector to carry a foreign gene for gene transfer. Two kinds of replication defective human recombinant adenovirus vectors were used in this study, the first containing beta-galactosidase reporter gene (AdCMVLac-Z) and the second carrying a gene for porcine leptin gene (AdCMVpLeptin). AdCMVLac-Z was tested for its ability to transfer DNA into pig kidney and pituitary cells. These cells expressed Lac-Z transiently 48 hours after the infection. In addition, when the pig kidney cells expressing the Lac-Z were replated with low density for the formation of colonies from each cell, colonies of blue cells expressing Lac-Z were observed. These results demonstrate that human recombinant adenovirus can be used as a transducing viral vector for inducing long-term expression in pig kidney cells. We also constructed a recombinant adenovirus (AdCMVpLeptin) which contained a pig leptin gene for the expression of pig leptin in vitro in the 293 human kidney cell line. 293 cells transfected with AdCMVpLeptin produced both a 15 KDa of a secretory form of porcine leptin and an 18 KDa long form containing signal peptide. Our study demonstrated that the recombinant adenovirus system offers a method for gene transfer and expression in pig cells.     

Effect of CD4 gene expression on adenovirus replication.

The gene encoding the CD4 receptor was introduced into KB cells to establish the KBT4 cell line, a cell line susceptible to infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Adenovirus replication was found to be significantly less in these cells than in the parental KB cells. Similar decreased adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) replication occurred in HeLaT4 cells compared with the original HeLa cells. The presence of CD4 did not alter the cell surface population of KB cell adenovirus receptors, since viral adsorption was similar in the two cell lines. Moreover, addition of soluble CD4 did not reduce viral replication in either KB or KBT4 infected cells. Uncoating of viral DNA was also unchanged in KBT4 cells compared with the parental KB cells. In contrast, migration to or entrance of viral DNA into nuclei and synthesis of early viral RNAs was delayed and reduced in KBT4 cells. These effects were more pronounced for Ad7 than for Ad5. The yields of infectious viruses were the same in both cell lines, however, after transfection of naked viral DNAs to initiate infection. These results imply that the expression of the CD4 gene in KBT4 cells interfered with passage of uncoated virus across endosomal vesicles and/or transfer of uncoated core viral DNA into the nucleus.     

Translation of adenovirus 2 late mRNAs microinjected into cultured African green monkey kidney cells.

Adenovirus 2-infected monkey cells fail to synthesize fiber, a 62,000 Mr virion polypeptide expressed at late times in productively infected cells. Yet these cells contain fiber mRNA that, after isolation, can be translated in vitro. The reason for the failure of monkey cells to translate fiber mRNA has been approached by microinjecting adenovirus mRNA into the cytoplasm of cultured monkey cells. Late adenovirus 2 mRNA, isolated from infected HeLa cells, was efficiently expressed when microinjected into the African green monkey kidney cell line CV-C. Expressed viral proteins identified by immunoprecipitation included the adenovirus fiber polypeptide. This result demonstrates that the monkey cell translational apparatus is capable of recognizing and expressing functional adenovirus fiber mRNA. Microinjection of late virus mRNA into cells previously infected with wild-type adenovirus 2 failed to increase significantly the yield of infectious virus.     

Infection with replication-deficient adenovirus induces changes in the dynamic instability of host cell microtubules

Adenovirus translocation to the nucleus occurs through a well characterized minus end-directed transport along microtubules. Here, we show that the adenovirus infection process has a significant impact on the stability and dynamic behavior of host cell microtubules. Adenovirus-infected cells had elevated levels of acetylated and detyrosinated microtubules compared with uninfected cells. The accumulation of modified microtubules within adenovirus-infected cells required active RhoA. Adenovirus-induced changes in microtubule dynamics were characterized at the centrosome and at the cell periphery in living cells. Adenovirus infection resulted in a transient enhancement of centrosomal microtubule nucleation frequency. At the periphery of adenovirus-infected cells, the dynamic instability of microtubules plus ends shifted toward net growth, compared with the nearly balanced growth and shortening observed in uninfected cells. In infected cells, microtubules spent more time in growth, less time in shortening, and underwent catastrophes less frequently compared with those in uninfected cells. Drug-induced inhibition of Rac1 prevented most of these virus-induced shifts in microtubule dynamic instability. These results demonstrate that adenovirus infection induces a significant stabilizing effect on host cell microtubule dynamics, which involve, but are not limited to, the activation of the RhoGTPases RhoA and Rac1.     

Expression of beta‐galactosidase and pig leptin gene in vitro by recombinant adenovirus

Abstract

Adenovirus has been used in vivo and in vitro as a vector to carry a foreign gene for gene transfer. Two kinds of replication defective human recombinant adenovirus vectors were used in this study, the first containing β‐galactosidase reporter gene (AdCMVLac‐Z) and the second carrying a gene for porcine leptin gene (AdCMVpLeptin). AdCMVLac‐Z was tested for its ability to transfer DNA into pig kidney and pituitary cells. These cells expressed Lac‐Z transiently 48 hours after the infection. In addition, when the pig kidney cells expressing the Lac‐Z were replated with low density for the formation of colonies from each cell, colonies of blue cells expressing Lac‐Z were observed. These results demonstrate that human recombinant adenovirus can be used as a transducing viral vector for inducing long‐term expression in pig kidney cells. We also constructed a recombinant adenovirus (AdCMVpLeptin) which contained a pig leptin gene for the expression of pig leptin in vitro in the 293 human kidney cell line. 293 cells transfected with AdCMVpLeptin produced both a 15 KDa of a secretory form of porcine leptin and an 18 KDa long form containing signal peptide. Our study demonstrated that the recombinant adenovirus system offers a method for gene transfer and expression in pig cells.     

Adenovirus Internalization and Infection Require Dynamin

The cell receptors that facilitate adenovirus internalization into cells have been identified; however, the infectious pathway of virus entry has not been established. Adenovirus entry and infection were examined in HeLa cells lacking or overexpressing mutant dynamin, a protein that specifically regulates clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Expression of mutant dynamin significantly reduced adenovirus internalization and gene delivery, indicating a functional requirement for this molecule. These findings are consistent with virus entry via the clathrin-coated pit pathway.     

Adenovirus interaction with distinct integrins mediates separate events in cell entry and gene delivery to hematopoietic cells.

A major impediment to the effective use of adenovirus vectors for gene therapy is a lack of knowledge of how these vectors interact with diverse cell types in vivo. Adenovirus attachment to most human cell types is mediated by the fiber protein, which binds to an as yet unidentified cell receptor. In contrast to this, we report that adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) attachment to hematopoietic cells is facilitated by interaction of the penton base protein with members of the beta2 integrin family. Adenovirus particles were capable of binding to human monocytic cells, which lack fiber receptors, and virus binding could be blocked by a soluble penton base or by a function-blocking monoclonal antibody to integrin alphaMbeta2. To confirm the role of alphaMbeta2 integrins in Ad2 binding to hematopoietic cells, we analyzed virus attachment and gene delivery to CHO cells expressing recombinant beta2 integrins. alphaMbeta2-expressing CHO cells supported 3- to 5-fold-higher levels of Ad2 binding and 5- to 10-fold-larger amounts of gene delivery than did nontransfected CHO cells, indicating that alphaMbeta2 facilitates adenovirus attachment to and infection of hematopoietic cells. While beta2 integrins promote Ad2 attachment to hematopoietic cells, further studies demonstrated that alphav integrins were required for the next step in infection, virus internalization into cell endosomes. These studies reveal a novel pathway of Ad2 infection of hematopoietic cells mediated by distinct integrins which facilitate separate events in virus entry. They also suggest a possible strategy for selective adenovirus-mediated gene delivery to hematopoietic cells.