共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 218 毫秒
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植物抗病毒分子机制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在与植物病毒的长期斗争中,植物进化出多种抗病毒机制,其中RNA沉默和R基因介导的病毒抗性是最受人们关注的两种机制.一方面,RNA沉默是植物抵抗病毒侵染的重要手段.植物在病毒侵染过程中可形成病毒来源的双链RNA,经过DCL蛋白的切割、加工形成sRNA,与AGO蛋白结合形成RISC指导病毒RNA的沉默,用于清除病毒.相应地,病毒在与植物的竞争中进化出RNA沉默抑制子,抑制宿主RNA沉默系统以逃避宿主RNA沉默抗病毒反应,增强致病能力.另一方面,植物也进化出R基因介导植物对包括病毒在内的多类病原的抗性.R蛋白直接或间接识别病毒因子,通过一系列的信号转导途径激活植物防御反应,限制病毒的进一步侵染.对植物抗病毒的研究有助于人们对植物抗病分子基础的理解,有重要的科学意义和潜在应用价值.本文综述了植物抗病毒分子机制的重要进展. 相似文献
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SGTl是多种植物抗病基因介导的抗病信号途径的必要组件。SGTl基因的突变或沉默会导致多种植物R基因介导抗病性的丧失。另外,SGTl还参与调控植物的非宿主抗性(non-host resistance)。SGTl主要作为分子伴侣或调控泛素化对植物抗病反应进行调控。本文综述了SGTl蛋白结构、SGTl在不同植物抗病反应中的重要性与作用机制,并对SGTl在植物抗病基因工程中的应用潜力进行讨论。 相似文献
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SGT1在植物抗病反应中的功能研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
SGT1是多种植物抗病基因介导的抗病信号途径的必要组件.SGT1基因的突变或沉默会导致多种植物R基因介导抗病性的丧失.另外,SGT1还参与调控植物的非宿主抗性(non-host resistance).SGT1主要作为分子伴侣或调控泛素化对植物抗病反应进行调控.本文综述了SGT1蛋白结构、SGT1在不同植物抗病反应中的重要性与作用机制,并对SGT1在植物抗病基因工程中的应用潜力进行讨论. 相似文献
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植物WRKY转录因子家族基因抗病相关功能的研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
植物基因组中,数目众多的转录因子参与植物的生长发育、物质代谢、响应生物和/或非生物胁迫等多种生物进程.WRKY基因家族是植物重要的转录因子家族,在抗病信号转导途径中起重要调控作用,因而成为分子植物病理研究领域中的热点.本文综述了WRKY转录因子基因在植物抗病反应中的作用和调节机制的最新研究进展,以期为深入研究WRKY基因家族在植物抗病反应中的作用,阐明植物抗病信号转导途径提供帮助. 相似文献
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随着转基因技术在植物中的广泛应用,转基因沉默受到越来越多的重视。转基因沉默可发生在转录和转录后两种水平,其基本特征就是依赖于同源的重复序列。转基因的重复拷贝间,转基因与同源的内源基因间及RNA病毒与同源转基因间都会发生基因沉默。可能有不同的机制导致转基因沉默,本文综述了转基因沉默的机理研究及转基因沉默在植物抗病基因工程和植物功能基因组学方面的应用 。 相似文献
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近年来,大量的植物抗病基因和病原菌无毒基因被克隆,抗病基因和无毒基因的结构、功能及其互作关系的研究也取得重大进展。在植物中,由病原菌模式分子(pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs)引发的免疫反应(PAMP-triggered immunity, PTI)和由效应因子引发的免疫反应(effector-triggered immunity, ETI)是植物在长期进化过程中形成的两类抵抗病原物的机制。PTI反应主要通过细胞表面受体(patternrecognition receptors, PRRs)识别并结合PAMPs从而激活下游免疫反应,而在ETI反应中,则通过植物R基因(resistance gene,R)与病原菌无毒基因(avirulence gene, Avr)产物间的直接或间接相互作用来完成免疫反应。本文对植物PTI反应和ETI反应分别进行了概述,重点探讨了植物R基因与病原菌Avr基因之间的互作遗传机理,并对目前植物抗性分子遗传机制研究和抗病育种中的问题进行了探讨和展望。 相似文献
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Mechanisms of plant resistance to viruses 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Plants have evolved in an environment rich with microorganisms that are eager to capitalize on the plants' biosynthetic and energy-producing capabilities. There are approximately 450 species of plant-pathogenic viruses, which cause a range of diseases. However, plants have not been passive in the face of these assaults, but have developed elaborate and effective defence mechanisms to prevent, or limit, damage owing to viral infection. Plant resistance genes confer resistance to various pathogens, including viruses. The defence response that is initiated after detection of a specific virus is stereotypical, and the cellular and physiological features associated with it have been well characterized. Recently, RNA silencing has gained prominence as an important cellular pathway for defence against foreign nucleic acids, including viruses. These pathways function in concert to result in effective protection against virus infection in plants. 相似文献
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Xiuzhen Kong Meng Yang Brandon H. Le Wenrong He Yingnan Hou 《Molecular Plant Pathology》2022,23(10):1565
Gene silencing mediated by small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) is a fundamental gene regulation mechanism in eukaryotes that broadly governs cellular processes. It has been established that sRNAs are critical regulators of plant growth, development, and antiviral defence, while accumulating studies support positive roles of sRNAs in plant defence against bacteria and eukaryotic pathogens such as fungi and oomycetes. Emerging evidence suggests that plant sRNAs move between species and function as antimicrobial agents against nonviral parasites. Multiple plant pathosystems have been shown to involve a similar exchange of small RNAs between species. Recent analysis about extracellular sRNAs shed light on the understanding of the selection and transportation of sRNAs moving from plant to parasites. In this review, we summarize current advances regarding the function and regulatory mechanism of plant endogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in mediating plant defence against pathogen intruders including viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, and parasitic plants. Beyond that, we propose potential mechanisms behind the sorting of sRNAs moving between species and the idea that engineering siRNA‐producing loci could be a useful strategy to improve disease resistance of crops. 相似文献
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The use of genetic resistance is considered to be the most effective and sustainable approach to the control of plant pathogens. Although most of the known natural resistance genes are monogenic dominant R genes that are predominant against fungi and bacteria, more and more recessive resistance genes against viruses have been cloned in the last decade. Interestingly, of the 14 natural recessive resistance genes against plant viruses that have been cloned from diverse plant species thus far, 12 encode the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) or its isoform eIF(iso)4E. This review is intended to summarize the current state of knowledge about eIF4E and the possible mechanisms underlying its essential role in virus infection, and to discuss recent progress and the potential of eIF4E as a target gene in the development of genetic resistance to viruses for crop improvement. 相似文献
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Hernan Garcia-Ruiz 《Molecular Plant Pathology》2019,20(11):1588-1601
Plant virus genome replication and movement is dependent on host resources and factors. However, plants respond to virus infection through several mechanisms, such as autophagy, ubiquitination, mRNA decay and gene silencing, that target viral components. Viral factors work in synchrony with pro-viral host factors during the infection cycle and are targeted by antiviral responses. Accordingly, establishment of virus infection is genetically determined by the availability of the pro-viral factors necessary for genome replication and movement, and by the balance between plant defence and viral suppression of defence responses. Sequential requirement of pro-viral factors and the antagonistic activity of antiviral factors suggest a two-step model to explain plant–virus interactions. At each step of the infection process, host factors with antiviral activity have been identified. Here we review our current understanding of host factors with antiviral activity against plant viruses. 相似文献
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Effect of Cecropin B and a Synthetic Analogue on Propagation of Fish Viruses In Vitro 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Abstract Cecropins and other natural antimicrobial peptides are widely distributed in animals from insects to mammals. These
proteins have been shown to be major constituents of the innate immune systems of animals for nonspecific defense of the host
against various bacteria and parasites. Therefore, exploitation of this natural innate defense system may lead to the development
of effective methods for protecting fish from invasion by microbial pathogens. Recently, we have demonstrated that the introduction
of cecropin transgenes into Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) conferred resistance to infection by fish bacterial pathogens.
Aside from a few reports documenting the antiviral effect of antimicrobial peptides including cecropins against mammalian
viruses, there is no evidence for the effect of these peptides against fish viruses. In this article we present results of
in vitro characterization of native cecropin B and a synthetic analogue, CF17, against several important fish viral pathogens—namely,
infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), snakehead rhabdovirus (SHRV), and
infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). Upon coincubation of these peptides and viruses, the viral titers yielded in
fish cells were reduced from several fold to 104-fold. Direct disruption of the viral envelope and disintegration of the viral
capsids may be involved in the inhibition of viral replication by the peptides. Results of our studies demonstrate the potential
of manipulating antimicrobial peptide genes by transgenesis to combat viral infection in fish. 相似文献