马齿苋黄酮抗衰老作用研究（英文）

本文研究马齿苋黄酮的抗衰老作用。给药(FPO)6周后测定血清、肝和脑组织谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活力,丙二醛(MDA)的含量及小鼠胸腺和脾脏指数。水迷宫试验与跳台试验测定马齿苋黄酮对衰老小鼠学习与记忆能力的影响。结果显示马齿苋黄酮能显著增加小鼠胸腺和脾脏指数,显著增强血清、肝和脑组织GSH-Px和SOD活力及显著减少其中MDA含量。马齿苋黄酮能显著减少水迷宫试验中小鼠的逃避潜伏期及跳台试验中反应时间与错误次数;显著增加水迷宫试验中小鼠的穿越次数与跳台试验中的记忆潜伏期。马齿苋黄酮有显著的抗衰老作用。     

β- 淀粉样多肽低分子量寡聚体对大鼠学习记忆功能的影响

目的:探究Aβ低分子量寡聚体对大鼠学习记忆功能的影响;方法:双侧海马内一次性注射Aβ低分子量寡聚体,15天后开始进行行为测试,测试方法采用跳台实验法、穿梭实验法和Morris水迷宫法;结果:跳台实验结果显示,与对照组比较,Aβ组跳台潜伏期短,错误次数多,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);穿梭实验结果显示,与对照组比较,Aβ组由明箱进入暗箱的潜伏期短,错误次数多,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);水迷宫实验结果显示,与对照组比较,Aβ组潜伏期长,跨越原平台次数少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);结论:Aβ组大鼠学习记忆能力和空间分辨能力降低,Aβ低分子量寡聚体在大鼠体内表现出较强的毒性作用。     

负性刺激诱导小鼠情绪性记忆脑区神经元编程的可塑性

通过检测慢性复合应激小鼠在Morris水迷宫实验中记忆能力及其杏仁体和海马神经元电生理特性的变化探讨情绪性记忆相关脑区的作用机制及神经元网络可塑性变化的机理。水迷宫实验中两组小鼠的逃避潜伏期逐渐缩短,具有显著性差异,6个训练周期中,应激组有5个训练周期的逃避潜伏期较对照组缩短,存在显著性差异;应激组小鼠在目标象限游泳停留时间显著长于其在其它3个象限的时间,同时显著长于对照组,而在对侧象限游泳时间显著短于对照组。小鼠在慢性负性刺激下学习和记忆能力得到提升,其杏仁体内GABA能神经元功能出现下降、海马锥体神经元功能出现增强,表明情绪性记忆可能与海马和杏仁体的神经元网络整体兴奋性的可塑性变化有关。     

水迷宫实验中三种品系小鼠学习记忆能力的比较

目的探讨三种品系小鼠在Morris水迷宫实验中的学习记忆能力差异,为与改善学习记忆能力相关新药研究的实验动物选择提供参考。方法选用C57BL/6小鼠、昆明种小鼠和ICR小鼠,进行定位航行实验(5d)、空间搜索实验(1d)和工作记忆实验(4d),考察其学习记忆能力。结果定位航行实验从第3天起C57BL/6小鼠的潜伏期明显小于昆明种小鼠和ICR小鼠(P0.01);空间搜索实验C57BL/6小鼠穿过原平台位置的次数、在原平台象限游程比率和时间比率均明显多于昆明种小鼠和ICR小鼠(P0.05);动物每天工作记忆实验的潜伏期随测试次数增加而缩短,C57BL/6小鼠缩短的较昆明种小鼠和ICR小鼠稍多。结论C57BL/6小鼠的空间参考记忆能力与工作记忆能力均优于昆明种小鼠和ICR小鼠,且非空间因素对其学习记忆能力的评价干扰较小,可作为优先选择的水迷宫实验动物。     

大蒜素对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠学习记忆调节作用

目的 观察大蒜素对D-半乳糖(D-ga1)致小鼠衰老模型学习记忆的调节作用.方法 小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、大蒜素低剂量组(10 mg/kg·d)、中剂量组(20 mg/kg·d)、高剂量组(40 mg/kg·d),连续给药8周后采用Y型迷宫、跳台实验检测小鼠学习记忆能力及体内丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平. 结果 与正常对照组比较,模型对照组小鼠跳台错误次数和迷宫错误次数明显增多,体内MDA含量升高,SOD活性下降;大蒜素组小鼠跳台错误次数减少,迷宫测试潜伏期缩短,体内MDA含量下降,SOD活性升高,并呈现剂量依赖性.结论 大蒜素能改善衰老小鼠学习记忆能力,其机制可能与抗氧化作用有关.     

Morris水迷宫逃避潜伏期阈值设定对检测结果的影响

目的:探讨Morris水迷宫不同逃避潜伏期阈值的设定是否影响阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)转基因小鼠及其同窝同龄野生型(Littermates,LM)小鼠学习和记忆能力的检测结果。方法:将雄性AD转基因鼠与雌性C57BL/6J野生型(Wild-Type,WT)鼠按1:4比例合笼繁育,获得子代小鼠,饲养至3周后进行AD基因表型鉴定。继而选取4月龄雌性AD转基因阳性小鼠17只为AD组,同窝同龄LM雌性小鼠15只为LM组,分析将逃避潜伏期阈值分别设定为90 s和60 s时,AD组和LM组采用Morris水迷宫检测小鼠学习和记忆能力障碍的检出率和可靠性。结果:60 s到90 s期间,AD组小鼠跨越平台次数占比中位数50.0%(0.0%,75.0%),明显高于LM组小鼠跨越平台次数占比中位数16.7%(0.0%,28.6%)(P0.05);60 s到90 s期间,AD组小鼠目的象限停留时间占比中位数45.2%(37.6%,52.8%),显著高于LM组小鼠目的象限停留时间占比中位数31.7%(28.7%,40.9%)(P0.05)。AD转基因鼠在潜伏期阈值设定为60 s时较设定为90 s时将损失更多客观实验信息。结论:应用Morris水迷宫检测认知功能障碍时,将逃避潜伏期阈值设定为90 s相较于60 s更能反映出AD鼠空间学习记忆能力的受损程度。     

两种水迷宫在测试拟阿尔茨海默病小鼠学习记忆能力中的比较

目的采用两种水迷宫对拟阿尔茨海默病小鼠学习记忆功能进行比较。方法将小鼠分为正常对照组、模型组及给药组。用Morris水迷宫和MS-2水迷宫自动控制仪分别测试各组小鼠的学习记忆能力。结果在Morris水迷宫测试中,模型组与对照组,给药组与模型组比较,逃避潜伏期均有显著性差异（P〈0.01）,在MS-2水迷宫自动控制仪测试中,模型组与对照组比较有明显差异（P〈0.05）,而给药组与模型组比较,游出水迷路的时间均有所减少,但没有显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论Morris水迷宫和MS-2水迷宫自动控制仪测试方法均能反映动物学习和记忆功能,而前者能更敏感地反映出动物的学习记忆能力。因此,Morris水迷宫应为实验首选,当然在实验需要时,两种水迷宫最好结合使用,以得到客观的结果。     

D-半乳糖致衰老模型大鼠的学习记忆和行为学观察及中药干预作用

目的观察D-半乳糖致衰老模型大鼠学习记忆能力和行为学情况,并探讨中药的干预作用。方法大鼠每日一次颈背部皮下注射5%D-半乳糖100 mg/kg。诱导大鼠衰老模型,连续7周,观察衰老模型大鼠的自主活动次数、空间记忆能力、主动回避遭受电击能力、探究活动等行为学表现和学习记忆能力,并用抗衰老片与首乌延寿片进行干预,观察中药的干预作用。结果皮下注射D-半乳糖造模后,衰老模型大鼠自主活动次数显著减少（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,水迷宫试验探索路径长度和搜台潜伏期显著延长（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,旷场试验移动路程长度和直立次数显著减少（P〈0.01）,穿梭回避试验平均潜伏期、进入错误区时间显著增加（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。给予抗衰老片与首乌延寿片干预后,衰老大鼠的自主活动次数显著增加（P〈0.01）,水迷宫试验探索路径长度和搜台潜伏期显著缩短（P〈0.01）,旷场试验移动路程长度和直立次数显著增加（P〈0.01）,穿梭回避试验平均潜伏期、进入错误区时间显著减少（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。结论D-半乳糖致衰老模型大鼠的自主活动次数减少,对新环境探索能力下降,学习记忆力下降;抗衰老片与首乌延寿片等中药可有效增强衰老模型大鼠的行为活动,提高衰老模型大鼠的学习记忆能力。     

12种中药单体对APPswe/PSΔE9转基因痴呆模型小鼠学习记忆作用的比较

目的利用APPswe/PSΔE9转基因阿尔茨海默病小鼠模型探索治疗痴呆有效的中药单体。方法根据目前的研究资料,选定12种中药单体,加入鼠粮中对APPswe/PSΔE9双转基因小鼠在5月龄开始进行治疗,以安理申作为阳性药对照,4周后进行水迷宫实验,并与安慰剂组小鼠进行比较。结果在水迷宫实验中,与安慰剂组相比,吴茱萸碱能够显著缩短寻找平台的潜伏期,显著增加穿过原平台区的次数。结论吴茱萸碱能够显著改善APPswe/PSΔE9痴呆模型小鼠的学习记忆能力。     

磷脂酰丝氨酸复合胶囊辅助改善记忆功能的研究

目的：观察磷脂酰丝氨酸复合胶囊对改善小鼠及人体学习记忆功能的影响。方法：动物实验部分，昆明种雌性小鼠随机分为低、中、高 3 个剂量组（剂量分别为 333、667、1 000mg/kg·BW）和阴性对照组，每组共计12只，每48只1个大组进行行为学实验。连续灌胃给药 30d 后，分别进行水迷宫、跳台和避暗实验。1周后，小鼠按照相同的数量和方法重复上述实验；人体实验部分，选取49~65岁且知情同意的健康退休人员随机分为试食和对照组作为研究对象，试食组57人、对照组59人，服用30d，对照组服用相同外观的软胶囊安慰剂。实验开始及结束时采用中国科学院心理研究所编制的临床记忆量表测量评估，将各分测验量表得分和记忆商进行前后和平行比较。结果：磷脂丝氨酸复合胶囊可延长小鼠跳台实验的测验潜伏期、减少跳台训练错误次数；小鼠避暗消退实验的潜伏期延长，差异均具有显著性意义（P＜0.05）。重复实验也为阳性；试食组57人服用磷脂酰丝氨酸复合胶囊后，各分测量量表得分及记忆商与实验前比较均有明显的提高，差异具有显著性（P＜0.05），与对照组比较，试食组各分测验量表分（除指向记忆）均有所提高，差异具有统计意义（P＜0.05）。总量表分和记忆商试食组试食前后差异显著，试食后均显著提高（P＜0.05）。结论：磷脂酰丝氨酸复合胶囊具有辅助改善小鼠及人体学习记忆功能的作用。 磷脂酰丝氨酸；行为实验；学习记忆；临床记忆量表     

Genotype-dependent mice behavior in cognitive tasks. Effect of noopept

The interstrain differences in performance of C57BL/6J, BALB/c and DBA/2J male mice in two cognitive tasks were found. Mice C57BL/6J showed good learning ability and preservation of memory traces tested 10 days after performance in a simplified version of Morris water maze. Mice BALB/c learned the task but, virtually, no long-term memory traces were revealed, whereas DBA/2J demonstrated poor learning. The effect of nootropic drug Noopept (GVS-111, N-phenil-acetyl-L-prolylglycin ethyl ether) was shown to be genotype-dependent. Its administration (0.5 mg/kg i.p., 15 min before learning) improved the long-term memory in Morris test in BALB/c mice but failed to produce any improvement in C57BL/6J. The ability of mice for extrapolation of the direction of stimulus movement differently changed after Noopept injections: the proportion of correct task solutions increased in C57BL/6J and BALB/c mice, whereas the performance of DBA/2J did not change.     

Positive impact of levetiracetam on emotional learning and memory in naive mice

AimsThe effect of an antiepileptic drug on cognitive function is of primary importance with respect to the patient's quality of life. Levetiracetam (LEV) is a novel antiepileptic drug used to treat epilepsy, but its effects on spatial and emotional learning and memory are not yet well understood. The goal of our study was to establish the effects of LEV (17 and 54 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (IP)) on spatial memory retrieval in the Morris water maze test and on acquisition and memory formation in the passive avoidance (PA) test in naive mice.Main methodsThe subjects were adult male BALB/c mice. Spatial learning and memory was established with the Morris water maze (MWM) test. The ‘time spent in escape platforms quadrant’ and the ‘distance to platform’ analyses were measured using a video tracking system to determine spatial memory function. Emotional learning and memory were determined with a one-trial, step-through passive avoidance test.Key findingsIn the MWM test, LEV (17 and 54 mg/kg) neither affected the time spent in the target quadrant nor altered the distance to platform. Moreover, LEV had no effect on swim speed. In the PA task, LEV (17 and 54 mg/kg) significantly prolonged retention latency.SignificanceOur results indicate that LEV did not alter spatial memory retrieval in the MWM test, but it did show some ameliorating effects on acquisition and memory formation in the PA test in naive mice.     

Nodakenin, a coumarin compound, ameliorates scopolamine-induced memory disruption in mice

Nodakenin is a coumarin compound initially isolated from the roots of Angelica gigas. In the present study, we investigated the effects of nodakenin on learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) using the passive avoidance test, the Y-maze test, and the Morris water maze test in mice. Nodakenin (10 mg/kg, p.o.) administration significantly reversed scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in the passive avoidance test and the Y-maze test (P<0.05), and also reduced escape latency during training in the Morris water maze test (P<0.05). Moreover, swimming times and distances within the target zone of the Morris water maze were greater in the nodakenin-treated group than in the scopolamine-treated group (P<0.05). In an in vitro study, nodakenin was found to inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity in a dose-dependent manner (IC(50)=84.7 microM). In addition, nodakenin was also found to inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity for 6 h in an ex-vivo study. These results suggest that nodakenin may be a useful for the treatment of cognitive impairment, and that its beneficial effects are mediated, in part, via the enhancement of cholinergic signaling.     

Effects of physical fatigue in mice on learning performance in a water maze

We investigated the effects of physical fatigue produced by swimming exercise on learning the Morris water maze in BALB/c mice. We measured the escape latency in the maze immediately after the swimming exercise. The control group was soaked in the water but not fatigued. For easier tasks, like one with an obvious cue flag, the escape latency was not changed by exercise fatigue. However, escape latency was increased after exercise fatigue for more difficult tasks of spatial learning. These results appear to suggest that physical fatigue impaired learning performance. The effects of swimming exercise fatigue on learning efficiency were then investigated. Mice were continuously fatigued during the spatial learning period. This increased escape latency between the first and third sessions. The results suggest that learning efficiency was impaired by exercise fatigue. This system may be useful for screening new foods used to enhance brain function during exercise.     

磁场对小鼠两种迷宫学习记忆的影响

据发现,磁场对生物体有一定作用,但是磁场对于人类或实验动物的学习记忆是否有影响,目前的报道结果很不一致。本实验采用实验小白鼠,给予不同强度（65高斯／50Hz,35高斯/25Hz）的低频磁场照射（每天1小时,持续25天）。磁场照射后,采用旷场行为测试、Y-迷宫和Morris水迷宫,检测小鼠的活动性、空间辨别、空间学习记忆和非空间学习记忆能力。结果表明：65高斯／50Hz磁场显著增高小鼠的活动性,并损伤小鼠Y-迷宫的空间辨别能力,但对Morris水迷宫的空间、非空间学习记忆无明显影响。35高斯／25Hz磁场处理动物行为在三个指标上均接近对照组。提示：长期的磁场照射可能会给动物,甚至人类造成一些影响。     

香水莲花提取物对东莨菪碱诱导记忆障碍小鼠学习记忆能力的影响

探究香水莲花提取物(Nymphaea hybrid extract,NHE)对东莨菪碱诱导记忆障碍小鼠的学习记忆能力的影响。采用腹腔注射东莨菪碱建立记忆障碍模型,Morris水迷宫实验测定小鼠空间学习和记忆能力。水迷宫实验结束后,断头处死小鼠,进行生化指标的测定。结果表明,与模型组小鼠相比,NHE干预后,小鼠的逃避潜伏期明显缩短(P <0. 01),目标象限停留时间百分比和穿越平台次数增加(P <0. 05或P <0. 01),小鼠海马和皮质区的SOD和GSH-PX活力显著升高(P <0. 01或P <0. 05),MDA含量极显著降低(P <0. 01),ACh E活性显著降低(P <0. 01),ACh含量增加(P <0. 01或P <0. 05)。同时,免疫印迹结果表明,NHE能够改善东莨菪碱引起小鼠海马和皮质中ERK、CREB磷酸化水平和BDNF蛋白表达的减少。综上,香水莲花提取物可以提高东莨菪碱诱导的记忆障碍小鼠的学习记忆能力,具体机制涉及缓解大脑的氧化应激损伤,平衡胆碱能系统,激活ERK-CREB-BDNF信号通路。     

硫辛酸对卵巢切除小鼠学习记忆的影响

目的:探讨硫辛酸(Lipoic acid,LA)对卵巢切除(ovariectomized,OVX)小鼠学习记忆的影响。方法:2月龄雌性昆明小鼠随机分为4组:假手术(Sham)组、OVX组、OVX+LA组、OVX+LA+左旋硝基精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)组。建立卵巢切除模型并给药,Morris水迷宫检测各组小鼠学习记忆能力。结果:前4天定位巡航实验中,OVX组与Sham组相比,逃避潜伏期明显延长(P0.05),第5天撤除平台后,OVX组在目的象限游泳距离及时间百分比较Sham组明显缩短(P0.05);OVX+LA组与OVX组相比,逃避潜伏期明显缩短(P0.05),撤除平台后,在目的象限游泳距离及时间百分比明显延长(P0.05);OVX+LA+L-NAME组与Sham组相比,逃避潜伏期明显延长(P0.05),撤除平台后,在目的象限游泳距离及时间百分比明显缩短(P0.05)。结论:OVX损伤小鼠的学习记忆,LA可改善这种损伤,内皮型一氧化氮合酶(e NOS)抑制剂L-NAME可削弱LA的这种保护作用。