氯唑灵诱导恶疫霉发生异宗配合变异与变异株交配型遗传

以化学农药氯唑灵诱变天然同宗配合恶疫霉Ｐｈｙｔｏｐｈｔｈｏｒａｃａｃｔｏｒｕｍ（Ｌｅｂｅｒ＆Ｃｏｈｎ）Ｓｃｈｒｏｔ的５个野生型菌株,从其中４个菌株获得了异宗配合变异株．氯唑灵的有效诱变浓度为１０～４０μｇ／ｍｌ,以２０μｇ／ｍｌ处理４～８周效果最好。所获得的异宗配合变异株在１２℃、黑暗条件下保存,２个月内有４０％左右的菌株保持异宗配合特性,７个月后仍有少数变异株保持异宗配合特性。异宗配合变异株的交配型在单游动孢子后代中发生分离,出现了Ａ1、Ａ２、Ａ１,Ａ2、Ａ１Ａ２、Ａ０５种交配型的菌株。上述各交配型在单游动孢子后代中均持续分离,在其单孢后代中检测到３～５种交配型的个体。上述结果提示疫霉属卵菌性别的产生是由同宗配合演化为异宗配合并可能同时分化产生不同的交配型,从遗传学角度阐明了自然条件下和实验室条件下疫霉菌交配型互变现象的可能机理。     

Whole-genome QTL analysis for MAGIC

Key message

An efficient whole genome method of QTL analysis is presented for Multi-parent advanced generation integrated crosses.

Abstract

Multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) populations have been developed for mice and several plant species and are useful for the genetic dissection of complex traits. The analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTL) in these populations presents some additional challenges compared with traditional mapping approaches. In particular, pedigree and marker information need to be integrated and founder genetic data needs to be incorporated into the analysis. Here, we present a method for QTL analysis that utilizes the probability of inheriting founder alleles across the whole genome simultaneously, either for intervals or markers. The probabilities can be found using three-point or Hidden Markov Model (HMM) methods. This whole-genome approach is evaluated in a simulation study and it is shown to be a powerful method of analysis. The HMM probabilities lead to low rates of false positives and low bias of estimated QTL effect sizes. An implementation of the approach is available as an R package. In addition, we illustrate the approach using a bread wheat MAGIC population.     

CELLULAR INHERITANCE AND TRANSFORMATION

1. The article summarizes the empirical evidence relating to the production of inherited character differences between cells that generate cell lineages by asexual fission.
2. The modes of cellular transformation are classified under three headings: adaptive transformations , including antibody formation and some forms of bacterial adaptation; infective transformations , including those secured by viruses, some cellular transformations of micro-organisms, and a colour transformation of mammalian skin; and inductive transformations , mainly exemplified by carcinogenesis and embryonic evocation.
3. Selective transformations of populations of cells are considered only as they may qualify the interpretation of the other types.
4. Adaptive transformations are defined as initially reversible and progressively induced particulate changes in cellular heredity that are functionally dependent in degree and kind upon the nature of the transforming stimulus.
5. Infective transformations are defined as heritable and serially propagable cellular transformations, not normally reversible and not progressively induced, in which the continued presence of the transforming agent or a replica of it is a necessary condition for the maintenance of the transformed state.
6. Inductive transformations are defined as heritable cellular transformations, normally irreversible, not serially propagable, and not progressively induced, in which the maintenance of the transformed state after its initiation does not depend on the continued presence of the inductive stimulus.
7. The inherited character differences between cells are particulate and combinatorial in nature, and there is ground for supposing that they are mediated by cytoplasmic entities that behave as discrete self-reproducing particles.     

亚洲玉米螟对氰戊菊酯抗性遗传的研究

本文利用生物测定法来分析亚洲玉米螟对氰戊菊酯抗性品系（３８．３倍）的遗传。氰戊菊酯抗性品系（Ｒ）和敏感品系（Ｓ）两杂交后代Ｆ＿１（Ｓ♀ｘＲ♂）及（Ｒ♀ｘＳ♂）,对氰戊菊酯的ＬＤ＿（５０）和毒力回归线均在Ｒ和Ｓ品系之间,且两杂交后代的反应值均相近,抗性与性别无关。抗性的显性程度（Ｄ）测定得出,两Ｄ值分别为－０．０１和０．０５,均接近于０,表明该抗性为中间型,并由１个或多个不完全显性基因控制的。     

基因枪介导的籼稻遗传转化及外源基因在受体中的遗传研究

由来自水稻成熟胚的愈伤组织或由此而建立的悬浮细胞系作基因枪转化的靶材料,将质粒ｐＩＬＴＡＢ２２７（含ｈｐｈ基因和ｇｕｓ基因）导入籼稻,在Ｂａｓｍａｔｉ－１、青油粘、新山粘２９、胜优２号,明恢６３等品种获得了转基因植株。Ｔ０转化体ｇｕｓ基因组织化学染色和ＤＮＡ分子杂交（Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ）证实,ｇｕｓ和ｈｐｈ基因已整合到上述品种的基因组中。本实验仔细研究了ｈｐｈ基因在Ｂａｓｍａｔｉ－１的Ｔ１