叉子圆柏上的胶锈菌一新种

描述了采自新疆哈密叉子圆柏Sabina vulgaris上的胶锈菌属一新种,即天山胶锈菌Gymnosporangium tianschanicum.此种因产生夏孢子阶段和单胞冬孢子(少量混生于夏孢子堆中)而不同于胶锈菌属的其它已知种.     

叉子圆柏上的胶锈菌一新种

描述了采自新疆哈密叉子圆柏Sabina vulgaris上的胶锈菌属一新种,即天山胶锈菌Gymnosporangium tianschanicum。此种因产生夏孢子阶段和单胞冬孢子（少量混生于夏孢子堆中）而不同于胶锈菌属的其它已知种。     

Three species of rust fungi (Uredinales) from Okinawa,Japan

Three species of rust fungi were reported based on the specimens collected in the islands of the Yaeyama group and Okinawa, Japan.Puccinia tarennicola onTarenna gracilipes andUredo daphniphylli onDaphniphyllum teijsmannii were described as new species.Villebrunea frutescens was added to the host plants ofUredo pipturi. Contribution No. 115, Laboratories of Plant Pathology and Mycology, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba.     

Aeciospore surface structures ofGymnosporangium andRoestelia (Uredinales)

Aeciospore surface structures of 40Gymnosporangium species and 7Roestelia species were investigated with a scanning electron microscope. The surface structures of aeciospores were classified into 12 types on the basis of shape and size of processes. Surface structures of the aeciospores were stable within each species. Therefore, it is suggested that surface structures of aeciospores could be used as an important diagnostic criteria in identifyingGymnosporangium andRoestelia species. Contribution No 139, Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Mycology, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba.     

Phylogenetic relationships among Puccinia hemerocallidis, P. funkiae, and P. patriniae (Uredinales) inferred from ITS sequence data

Puccinia hemerocallidis and P. funkiae resemble each other morphologically; however, they are biologically and taxonomically distinct, with telia of the former being restricted to species of Hemerocallis and the latter to Hosta species. However, both fungi share a macrocyclic and heteroecious life cycle with Patrinia villosa as the spermogonial and aecial host. An additional microcyclic rust fungus, P. patriniae, is also known on P. villosa. This microcyclic fungus is similar to the two macrocyclic fungi in its telial structure and teliospore morphology. These similarities in morphology and host relationships suggest the three fungi may also share a close evolutionary relationship. To determine the phylogenetic relationships of the three species, a portion of the nuclear ribosomal DNA repeat encoding the ITS and 5.8S subunit regions was amplified by PCR, sequenced, and analyzed. The resulting phylogenetic trees showed that P. hemerocallidis and P. funkiae share a recent common ancestor and that P. patriniae is closely allied with P. hemerocallidis. The results suggest a possible evolutionary derivation of microcyclic P. patriniae from macrocyclic heteroecious P. hemerocallidis, which fits the evolutionary interpretation of correlated species known as Tranzschel's law.     

Taxonomic implications of life cycle and basidium morphology of Ochropsora ariae and O. nambuana (Uredinales)

Ochropsora ariae was found to host-alternate between Anemone pseudo-altaica and Aruncus dioicus var. tenuifolius and Ochropsora nambuana between Anemone flaccida and Elaeagnus multiflora var. hortensis in Japan. Both species produced a sessile, thin-walled, cylindrical probasidium (teliospore), which turned into a four-celled metabasidium by continuous apical elongation of the probasidium. Several probasidia of O. nambuana were produced from a basal basidiogenous cell in a sorus hymenium. Life cycle and probasidium/metabasidium morphology showed the taxonomic identity of Ceraceopsora elaeagni with O. nambuana. Developmental morphology of the basidium found in the two Ochropsora species raised a question against the taxonomic separation of Ochropsora and Aplopsora.     

Surface structures of peridial cells ofGymnosporangium andRoestelia (Uredinales)

The surface structures of peridial cell walls (outer, side, and inner walls) of 40Gymnosporangium and 7Roestelia species were examined by scanning electron microscopy. These surface structures were classified into 10 types based on shape, size, and density of the processes. Surface structural types of each wall were stable within a species. Therefore, it is suggested that surface structure types of peridial cell walls could be used as important diagnostic characteristics ofGymnosporangium andRoestelia species. Contribution No. 140, Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Mycology, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba.     

Puccinia kraussiana (Uredinales) onHeterosmilax gaudichaudiana,A new record of rust in Eastern Asia

Puccinia kraussiana, a rust fungus of Africa, was found in Taiwan for the first time in eastern Asia. It was parasiting on leaves ofHeterosmilax gaudichaudiana, on which all four stages were characteristically found. The host species,H. gaudichaudiana, newly added to the host range ofP. kraussiana, constitutes also a new entry to the phanerogamic flora of Taiwan.     

Toward resolving family-level relationships in rust fungi (Uredinales)

Rust fungi (Basidiomycota, Uredinales) consist of more than 7000 species of obligate plant pathogens that possess some of the most complex life cycles in the Eumycota. Traditionally, a limited number of synapomorphic characters and incomplete life-cycle and host-specificity data have hampered phylogenetic inference within the Uredinales. The application of modern molecular characters to rust systematics has been limited, and current contradictions, especially in the deeper nodes, have not yet been resolved. In this study, two nuclear rDNA genes (18S and 28S) were examined across the breadth of the Uredinales to resolve some systematic conflicts and provide a framework for further studies of the group. Three suborders of rusts are recovered. Of the 13 rust families most widely accepted, 8 are supported in full or in part (Coleosporiaceae, Melampsoraceae, Mikronegeriaceae, Phakopsoraceae p.p., Phragmidiaceae, Pileolariaceae, Pucciniaceae, Raveneliaceae), 3 are redundant (Cronartiaceae, Pucciniastraceae, Pucciniosiraceae), and the status of 2 (Chaconiaceae, Uropyxidaceae) could not be resolved. The Mikronegeriaceae and Caeoma torreyae are the most basal rusts sampled. It is concluded that morphology alone is a poor predictor of rust relationships at most levels. Host selection, on the other hand, has played a significant role in rust evolution. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture.     

Plutarchia ecuadorensis (Ericaceae,Vaccinieae): a new species and a new generic record for Ecuador

Plutarchia, a shrubby páramo genus, is here reported for the first time in Ecuador where two species are recognized: P. angulata A. C. Smith and the new P. ecuadorensis Luteyn. These two species are keyed, described, and the new species illustrated.     

中国赤星衣属一新种和一新记录种(茶渍目:赤星衣科)

该研究对采自于我国的200余份赤星衣属(Haematomma)地衣标本利用形态学、化学、生态学等特征进行了综合研究,发现赤星衣属一新种和一中国新记录种。新种为砖壁赤星衣(H.muriformis R.Tang&Z.J.Ren),主要特征为子囊盘红色,孢子砖壁型,较宽(75~87.5×12.5~20μm),所含化学物质为atranorin、haematommone和arthothelin。中国新记录种为马托赤星衣(H.matogrossense Kalb&Staiger)。该文对新种和中国新记录种进行了详细的特征描述,提供了形态和解剖照片,同时提供了已知中国赤星衣属地衣物种的检索表。该研究充实了赤星衣属地衣的数据信息资源库,为《中国地衣志》的编写提供了基础资料。     

A new species of Cladophialophora (hyphomycetes) from boreal and montane bryophytes

During a survey of bryophilous fungi from boreal and montane habitats in central Alberta, a hitherto undescribed species of Cladophialophora was recovered from Polytrichum juniperinum, Aulacomnium palustre, and Sphagnum fuscum. On potato dextrose agar (PDA) colonies grew slowly, attaining a diameter of 25 mm after 30 d, were dark grey, velvety, radially sulcate, and convolute and cracked at the centre. Micronematous conidiophores gave rise to branched chains of small (1–2 × 8–22 μm), cylindrical to fusiform conidia with truncate, swollen scars at each end. Phylogenies built on the ITS and ribosomal SSU regions indicate the isolates form a monophyletic clade within the family Herpotrichiellaceae (Chaetothyriales) that is composed of two geographically based groups, each with 99 % within-group sequence similarity and 97–98 % between-group sequence similarity. A teleomorph has not been found but would likely be similar to species of Capronia. In vitro inoculation of the isolates onto axenically grown P. juniperinum produced no discernible host symptoms, and host penetration could not be detected using light microscopy. The production of polyphenol oxidases by the fungus and the role of other Cladophialophora species as latent endophytes and saprobes suggest that a potential role for the fungus is the degradation of the polyphenol-rich cell walls of mosses. A dichotomous key to species of the genus Cladophialophora is provided.     

REM-Untersuchungen anMilesia vogesiaca undMilesia whitei (Uredinales)

Central European specimens of twoMilesia species, both growing onPolystichum, were investigated by SEM. The uredospores ofM. vogesiaca are not smooth, as stated in literature, but finely verrucose; size and density of the verrucae are rather variable. In contrast, the uredospores ofM. whitei are finely echinulate.

     

Rust fungi (Uredinales) found in Marshall Islands and Pohnpei

Uromyces wedeliae, Coleosporium plumeriae, andUredo guettardae are reported for the first time from Kwajalein Atoll, Republic of Marshall Islands, and Pohnpei, Federal States of Micronesia.     

Three new species and a new combination in the genusTorulomyces from soil

Seven isolates ofTorulomyces from Asian and Australian soil samples were studied in comparison with known taxa of the genus and withMonocillium indicum, the type species ofMonocillium. Three new species,Torulomyces parviverrucosus, T. laevis, andT. ovatus, are described, andT. brunneus is described as a new combination. Conidial characteristics, especially their shape and surface structure, are useful taxonomic criteria for distinguishing species ofTorulomyces. Monocillium is considered to be a distinct genus.     

Uromyces umiamensis, a new rust species on Momordica cochinchinensis in India

Uromyces umiamensis is described as a new rust fungus (Basidiomycota, Uredinales) of Momordica cochinchinensis (Cucurbitaceae) from Meghalaya, in northeastern India. The species differs from the known Uromyces species on members of Cucurbitaceae in terms of the character of the teliospores and aeciospores and its apparently demicyclic life cycle. Besides U. yakushimensis and the present species, all Uromyces species known from cucurbits occur in the New World. A key to known Uromyces species on Cucurbitaceae is provided.     

A new species ofNectria onMauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae) in Ecuador and a key toNectria and allied genera on palms

A new species ofNectria, N. palmicola on rachides ofMauritia flexuosa, is described from Ecuador. It is compared with the similar species.N. calami andN. pseudopezizia. Nectria palmicola is illustrated with light and SEM micrographs and line diagrams. A key and host index to species ofNectria and allied genera on palms is given.     

The rust fungi (Uredinales) on ferns in South Africa

The rust fungi (Uredinales, basidiomycota) occuring on ferns (Pteridophyta) in South Africa are described, illustrated and keyed out. All species belong to the pucciniastraceous genera Milesina (M. blechni), Uredinopsis (U. pteridis) or to the related uredinial anamorph genus Milesia (M. nervisequa, M. cf. magellanica, M. silvae-knysnae). Milesia silvae-knysnae on Polystichum pungens is new to science; it probably belongs to the teleomorph genus Milesina. Milesina blechni is reported from South Africa for the first time on the new hosts Blechnum punctulatum and Rumohra adiantoides; it has hitherto been known only from the Northern Hemisphere on Blechnum spicant. Rust specimens collected on Asplenium aethiopicum and A. rutifolium were tentatively assigned to Milesia magellanica which has been known so far only from southern Chile. Hyalopsora neocheilanthis, Milesina neoexigua and M. neovogesiaca are proposed as new names for Hyalopsora cheilanthis, Milesia exigua and M. vogesiaca. It is discussed that the pucciniastraceous fern rusts could have reached South Africa either by migration (M. blechni) or by long-distance air dispersal. In the absence of their gametophyte hosts, species of Abies (Pinaceae), the rusts have to propagate in South Africa by urediniospores infecting fern to fern. Taxonomical novelties Milesia silvae-knysnae R. Berndt Milesina neoexigua R. Berndt Milesina neovogesiaca R. Berndt Hyalopsora neocheilanthis R. Berndt