金鱼的变色培育技术

金鱼是世界闻名的观赏鱼类,不仅供观赏,而且又是从事研究生物遗传进化,鱼类毒理学等方面理想的材料鱼。金鱼与其它鱼类一样,刚孵出的鱼苗并不具备鲜艳的色彩,需经过人工的培育,金鱼约需80天始变色。刚出膜的鱼苗呈银灰色,一个月左右体色才渐变深,再经一段时间的培育,体色渐呈鲜艳色彩,从金鱼的苗种直至成鱼饲养阶     

金鱼性状的由来

金鱼的奇异性状很多,几乎没有一个单一性状没有发生变异。那么,这些变异性状是怎样发生的,又是怎样组合在一起而形成各个不同品种的。“生活条件的改变”是不是金鱼品种形成的原因,文中均有详细的论述。金鱼的变异性状是由突变和杂交而来的。有了突变种,经过人工选择而保留下来,培育成新品种．再进行杂交使基因重组出现新类型、新品种。金鱼品种的形成是突变、杂交和人工选择这3个因素形成的。     

中国金鱼移植国外史浅探

金鱼起源于中国,现在已成为世界各国都喜爱的著名观赏鱼,探讨了金鱼被移养到世界主要国家和地区的时间和方式。     

野生鲫和五个金鱼品种的判别分析和聚类分析

对野生鲫鱼（Ｃａｒａｓｓｉｕｓ ａｕｒａｔｕｓ）和五个金鱼品种（Ｃａｒａｓｉｕｓ ａｕｒａｔｕｓ ｖａｒ．）的亲缘关系进行了比较研究。（１）两组判别分析表明,以１７个形态变异性状的指标衡量野生鲫鱼和金鱼以及金鱼各品种之间的差异,说明金鱼的种下分化是明显的（Ｆ〉〉Ｆ０．０１）。（２）对６个品种（包括鲫鱼）各２０尾鱼（计１２０个个体）进行１７个指标的聚类分析,结果大部分个体（占各品种的５０￣１００％）     

野生鲫鱼和五个金鱼代表品种的肌肉蛋白电泳分析

本工作用琼脂糖等电聚焦（Ａｇａｒｏｓｅ－ＩＥＦ）,ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ）以及将两者结合起来的双向电泳技术,对野生鲫鱼和５个金鱼品种的亲缘关系进行了种内分化的比较研究。其结果是：（１）鲫鱼和金鱼各品种的肌肉蛋白的大量组分是相似的,验证了金鱼由野生鲫鱼演化而来的推断;（２）在鲫鱼演化到金鱼的过程中,出现了一些新的蛋白成分,但也有些蛋白组分消失了,并且有从野生鲫鱼经过金鲫鱼这个中     

金鱼的身世

金鱼,被誉为水中的活宝石。或许你会认为金鱼的价值与宝石相去甚远。誉为活宝右有点夸张。但是,如果不是受“物以稀为贵”的价值观的影响,单纯地从审美角度来看,我倒认为把金鱼比作宝石是贬低了它。没有生命的石头哪能比得上这活生生的画卷呢？更何况,想当年,金鱼初入时尚的时候,只有王侯家才养得起,它的身价真是堪比宝石。     

龙种金鱼和蛋种金鱼线粒体DNA控制区的序列分析

利用PCR技术扩增了红龙睛、墨龙睛、虎头和水泡眼4种金鱼线粒体DNA控制区部分核苷酸序列,长度分别为724、724、720、722bp.测序结果显示,龙种金鱼红龙睛、墨龙睛的线粒体DNA控制区的序列完全相同,同源性为100%;蛋种金鱼虎头、水泡眼的序列相差4个碱基,同源性为99.4%.研究表明,这4个金鱼品种之间的同源性都很高,而同品系金鱼的亲缘关系相对较近.引用Genbank中鲫鱼的序列,构建了金鱼和鲫鱼的NJ分子系统树,从分子水平证实了金鱼起源于鲫鱼.     

利用生物技术培育新的康乃馨品种

ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆｔｈｅＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎＳｏｃｉｅｔｙｆｏｒＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅ 2 0 0 1年 12 6卷 1期 13～ 18页报道 :最近 ,以色列希伯来大学Ｋｅｎｎｅｄｙ＿Ｌｅｉｇｈ园艺学研究中心和ＯｔｔｏＷａｒｂｕｒｙ农业生物技术中心的科学家Ｚｕｋｅｒ等 ,在组成型ＣａＭＶ35Ｓ启动子的引导下 ,将ｒｏｌＣ基因表达于康乃馨 (麝香石竹 ) (Ｄｉａｎｔｈｕｓｃａｒｙｏｐｈｙｌｌｕｓｃｖ .ＷｈｉｔｅＳｉｍ) ,并将这种ｒｏｌＣ转基因康乃馨种植于标准的商业化温室。结果发现 ,这种转基因康乃馨植株腋芽的萌发和发育都…     

鱼类品种培育新技术

鱼类新品种的培育对水产养殖业的发展起着极其重要的作用。本文对可应用于鱼类新品种培育的新技术－－基因转移染色体片段转移、嵌合体制作技术、克隆、细胞融合以及航天育种技术做了简要概述,以期通过这些技术的综合应用能够创造出优质、高产、抗逆的鱼类新品种。     

无籽枸杞新品种选育研究

采用组织培养技术与化学诱变相结合及幼胚培养等育种手段,初步选育出优良三倍体株系99－3。99－3三倍体株系与目前生产中最优栽培品种宁杞1号（二培体）相比,总糖含量高37．59％,多糖含量高20．00％,氨基酸含量高9．50％,千粒果重高8．60％,且含籽数降低58．70％,饱籽数降低88．80％,第一年产量略高于宁杞1号。通过上述指标综合评定,三倍体枸杞99－3是一个理想的枸杞深加工品系。     

The development of beef breeding bulls

Management of the bull battery will have a dramatic impact on profitability of the cow/calf enterprise. It is critical that young bulls be selected and developed to maximize longevity and productivity for the eventual buyer. Bulls must be structurally sound, healthy, and have adequate libido in order to service the required number of females. Once bulls complete their first breeding season, special care must be taken in order to ensure that they recover and regain needed body condition and pass a bull breeding soundness examination (BBSE). Mature bulls that have reached their genetic potential for growth require less intensive management, but the health program and annual BBSE cannot be overlooked. Mature bulls are also more likely to carry venereal disease and should be screened according to local disease incidence and state regulations. All bulls, regardless of age, should be observed early during the breeding season to ensure that they are physically capable of mounting and servicing females. The establishment of a complete management program, especially for young bulls, is essential to ensure that ranch resources are used efficiently, including maintenance of a high level of reproductive performance of the cow herd.     

Ultrastructural study on pronuclear development in fertilized eggs from goldfish, Carassius auratus

The formation of male and female pronuclei in physiologically monospermic fertilized eggs of the goldfish, Carassius auratus , has been investigated with transmission electron microscopy. Ultrastructural observations show that at 26°C the transformation of the sperm nucleus takes place very quickly. The sperm nuclear envelope degenerates and is replaced by a large number of smooth surface vesicles 1 min post-insemination. Concomitantly, most of the condensed sperm chromatin is dispersed and is surrounded by vesicles. Dispersion of the chromatin is followed by the fusion of vesicles and the formation of a new bilaminar pronuclear envelope. Within 5–10 min post-insemination, a spheroid male pronucleus with intranuclear annulate lamellae is produced. The formation of a female pronucleus is slightly different to that of the male pronucleus. The dispersing chromatin of the egg is divided into many groups, most of which are surrounded by multilaminar envelopes 5 min post-insemination. An ellipsoid female pronucleus with a continuous bilaminar pronuclear envelope and intranuclear annulate lamellae is formed 15 min post-insemination. Subsequently, the two pronuclei migrate towards one another. When the fully developed male and female pronuclei are located in the center of the blastodisc, each changes itself into a saccular complex 25 min post-insemination.     

高龄大熊猫繁殖的饲养研究

通过营造冬暖、夏凉、通风良好的洞穴兽舍,改造饲料营养,采用先粗后精、少量勤添的饲喂方法,增加活动量,接受阳光照射,让雌、雄大熊猫有较多直接或间接接触的机会和增强其信息交流等技术管理措施,使高龄大熊猫“新星”雌兽20岁受配产仔,同时一胎产2仔,高龄大熊猫雄兽“新8号”25岁龄自然交配,并在25～27岁龄连年自然配种,使受配雌兽怀孕产仔,创下了圈养大熊猫雌、雄兽高龄繁殖的新记录。     

香菇主要育种技术研究进展

香菇是仅次于双孢蘑菇的世界第二大类食用菌,在中国食用菌产业中占有举足轻重的地位。综述了香菇的主要育种技术及其应用研究进展,包括人工选择育种、杂交育种、诱变育种、原生质体融合育种、基因工程育种以及分子标记辅助育种等,并针对当前香菇产业发展需求,对香菇育种今后的发展方向进行了展望。     

紫斑牡丹栽培品种小孢子发育过程的细胞遗传学研究

本文对紫斑牡丹栽培品种的花平细胞减数分裂过程进行了系统研究,结果发现紫斑牡丹品种约６８．９６％的花平细胞在减数分裂过程表现正常,约有３１．０４％的花粉母细胞在减数分裂的比线期、中期Ⅰ、后期Ⅰ、中期Ⅱ、后期Ⅱ及四分体时期观察到染色体行为异常。本实验表明,在小孢子形成过程中,多数小孢子发育政党,但有约３１．０４％的花粉母细胞减数分裂异常,导致了花粉的败育。     

油橄榄育种及栽培技术研究进展

油橄榄是世界著名的木本油料兼果用树种,在医药、生态、园林绿化等方面具有较强开发应用潜力。在查阅大量相关文献的基础上,综述了中国油橄榄种质资源引进及利用、育种及栽培等方面研究进展,提出了存在种质资源开发利用不足、育种工作进程缓慢、栽培技术未成体系等方面的问题,并指出下一步应加强种质资源鉴定和评价、育种群体综合测定、建立高产高效栽培技术体系等方面的研究,以期为中国油橄榄育种及栽培技术发展提供参考。     

Studies on gangliosides of goldfish brain

Abstract— Purified gangliosides from goldfish brain have been separated on thin layer chromatography. Incorporation of radioactivity into gangliosides from intracranially- injected [³H]galactose was not affected by concentrations of puromycin (170 μg intra- cranially) known to exert behavioural effects. Puromycin (500 μg intracranially) inhibited the incorporation of radiolabelled galactose into infant rat brain gangliosides, a result which confirms a previous report in the literature.     

离体诱变定向培育高油花生新品种宇花9号

笔者前期研究发现经干旱胁迫处理后的花生叶片水势与其籽仁含油率呈显著正相关。文中对羟脯氨酸作为水势(渗透压)调节物质用于离体定向筛选花生高油突变体及培育花生新品种进行了研究。以花生品种花育20号胚小叶作为外植体,平阳霉素作为诱变剂添加于体胚诱导培养基上进行离体诱变培养。形成的体胚转移到添加6 mmol/L羟脯氨酸(培养基水势为-2.079 MPa)的体胚萌发和再生培养基上诱导体胚萌发成苗,同时进行高油突变体定向筛选。再生小苗经嫁接移栽田间,从再生植株后代中获得了132份含油率55%以上的高油突变体,其中27份含油率超过58%,2份超过60%。再生植株后代结合系谱育种法育成了高产高油花生新品种宇花9号,在辽宁省花生新品种备案试验中,籽仁产量比对照品种增产14.0%,并通过了国家非主要农作物品种登记。宇花9号含油率达61.05%,比亲本花育20号高11.55个百分点,是目前国际上含油率最高的花生品种。本研究结果表明,利用离体诱变、培养基低水势定向筛选及其再生植株后代结合常规育种法选择是定向培育高油花生品种的有效方法。     

Testosterone rapidly increases ejaculate volume and sperm density in competitively breeding goldfish through an estrogenic membrane receptor mechanism

The social environment can have dramatic influences on reproductive behavior and physiology in many vertebrate species. In males, interactions with conspecifics affect physiological processes that increase an individual's ability to compete for mates. For example, in some species, males rapidly adjust the number of sperm they ejaculate in response to sociosexual cues from male and female conspecifics, however, little is known about the physiological mechanisms mediating this behavior. In goldfish, as in many vertebrates, social cues also drive transient surges of the gonadal hormone testosterone (T), which induces rapid effects on cellular processes via its conversion to estradiol (E2). We asked whether such surges rapidly influence ejaculate quantity and quality by experimentally manipulating peripheral levels of T and E2. We show that male goldfish injected with T increased ejaculate (milt) volume and sperm density within just 1 hr. Furthermore, increases in expressible milt were dependent on the conversion of T to E2 by the enzyme aromatase, required activation of estrogen receptors α and β, and were also elicited by BSA-conjugated E2, which acts on cell membrane-bound estrogen receptors. Together, these findings represent a novel steroid mechanism for the social modulation of sperm output over the short time scales that characterize reproductive encounters, and thus demonstrate a previously undescribed functional consequence of rapid estrogen signaling mechanisms. We suggest that such mechanisms may play a critical role in the enhancement of physiological and behavioral processes that increase reproductive success in competitive mating contexts.