外源H2O2对盐碱混合胁迫下裸燕麦幼苗生长和抗性生理的影响

为探讨信号分子过氧化氢（H₂O₂）增强裸燕麦盐碱耐性的作用及其生理机制,以裸燕麦品种‘定莜6号’为材料,在日光温室内用珍珠岩培养幼苗至三叶一心期时叶面喷施0.01 mmol·L^-1 H₂O₂的同时根部浇灌75 mmol·L^-1盐碱混合溶液（NaCl：Na₂SO₄：NaHCO₃：Na₂CO₃=12：8：9：1）或添加H₂O₂淬灭剂二甲基硫脲（DMTU）,研究对幼苗生长及叶片光合色素含量、活性氧代谢和渗透调节物质积累的影响。结果表明：喷施H₂O₂能够缓解盐碱混合胁迫对裸燕麦幼苗生长的抑制,提高幼苗根长、株高和植株干重及叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量和超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性,降低超氧阴离子、H₂O₂、丙二醛、抗坏血酸、谷胱甘肽和游离氨基酸含量,促进抗氧化物质类黄酮、总酚和原花青素及渗透调节物质可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和脯氨酸积累。添加DMTU部分或完全逆转了H₂O₂的上述作用。采用隶属函数综合评价显示,喷施H₂O₂提高了盐碱混合胁迫下裸燕麦幼苗的综合评价值D,添加DMTU完全逆转了H₂O₂对D值的提升作用。表明外源H₂O₂通过参与活性氧代谢和渗透调节物质积累等生理代谢调控缓解盐碱混合胁迫诱导的氧化伤害和生长抑制,从而提高裸燕麦对盐碱胁迫的适应能力。     

气体甲醛胁迫对蚕豆保卫细胞中过氧化氢的积累和气孔导度及开度的影响

以蚕豆为材料,考察气体甲醛（HCHO）胁迫对保卫细胞H2O2积累和叶片气孔导度、开度的影响。结果表明:气体HCHO胁迫增加了叶片中H₂O₂的积累,荧光显微分析发现在较低浓度(0.2⁰.4μmol·L^-1)气体HCHO胁迫下,保卫细胞中增加的H₂O₂主要分布在细胞质中,高浓度(0.8¹.6μmol·L^-1)气体HCHO胁迫不仅增加保卫细胞质中H₂O₂的积累,而且显著增加叶绿体中H₂O₂的含量及积累H₂O₂的叶绿体数量,这说明在高浓度气体HCHO胁迫下蚕豆保卫细胞中增加的H₂O₂主要来源于叶绿体和细胞质。保卫细胞中H₂O₂积累的增加显著降低蚕豆的气孔导度和开度,从而导致蚕豆HCHO吸收效率下降。气体HCHO胁迫下叶片中抗氧化酶活性的变化可能是H₂O₂积累增加的主要原因,气体HCHO胁迫显著增强叶片中CAT和SOD的活性,但只有低浓度HCHO胁迫诱导叶片POD活性,叶片APX对HCHO胁迫很敏感,低浓度的气体HCHO对叶片APX活性都有显著的抑制作用。     

胞外H2O2及NADPH氧化酶参与了铜胁迫对植物细胞死亡的诱导

以烟草悬浮细胞BY-2(Nicotiana tabacum L.cv.Bright Yellow-2)为材料,探讨了在铜离子胁迫下植物细胞死亡发生过程中胞外H₂O₂及NADPH氧化酶所扮演的角色。实验结果表明,随着外源CuCl₂浓度的上升(从0~700 μmol·L^-1),细胞死亡水平不断上升,且胞外H₂O₂的水平也不断增加。在300 μmol·L^-1的CuCl₂诱导细胞死亡的过程中,加入H₂O₂清除剂N-N-二甲基硫脲(DMTU)降低了胞外CuCl₂胁迫下H₂O₂含量增加的同时也降低了细胞死亡水平的上升,这一观察表明了铜离子胁迫所导致的细胞死亡的发生和胞外H₂O₂的增加有关。进一步的研究表明,300 μmol·L^-1 CuCl₂的胁迫导致了NADPH氧化酶活性的显著性上升,而加入NADPH氧化酶的抑制剂（二亚苯基碘,DPI,)则降低了CuCl₂胁迫所导致的细胞死亡和胞外H₂O₂含量的上升。上述结果表明,胞外H₂O₂和NADPH氧化酶参与了CuCl₂对植物细胞死亡的诱导作用。     

过氧化氢缓解裸燕麦幼苗低温胁迫的主成分和隶属函数分析

为探明信号分子过氧化氢（H₂O₂）提高裸燕麦幼苗耐冷性的作用,以‘定莜6号’沙培幼苗为材料,在3叶期喷施10 μmol·L^-1 H₂O₂ 12 h后于8℃/5℃（昼/夜）条件下低温胁迫,以喷蒸馏水（H₂O）为对照,分别在低温处理的0、1、2、3、4、5 d取幼苗叶片测定超氧阴离子（O₂^-·）、H₂O₂、丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）、抗坏血酸（AsA）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、可溶性糖（SS）、脯氨酸（Pro）、可溶性蛋白质（SP）和热稳定性蛋白质（HSP）13项与耐冷性有关的生理指标及低温处理5 d后植株株高和生物量增量,采用主成分和隶属函数分析综合评价H₂O₂对裸燕麦幼苗耐冷性的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,喷施H₂O₂显著提高了低温胁迫下裸燕麦幼苗株高和生物量增量,降低了裸燕麦幼苗叶片O₂^-·和MDA及低温胁迫2~5 d的H₂O₂含量,促进低温胁迫期间裸燕麦幼苗叶片SOD、CAT、POD和APX活性提高及AsA、GSH、SS、Pro、SP和HSP积累。主成分分析13项生理指标离差标准化数据,提取的前4个主成分累积方差贡献率达85.6%;隶属函数综合评价4个主成分得分值显示,喷施H₂O₂显著提高了低温胁迫0~5 d的综合评价值。表明喷施H₂O₂能够通过调控生理生化代谢提高裸燕麦幼苗的耐冷性。     

Ca2+参与H2O2促进盐碱混合胁迫下燕麦种子的萌发和成苗

盐碱胁迫是制约作物高产优质的重要因素,Ca²⁺和H₂O₂作为信号分子参与作物逆境响应调节。为了解Ca²⁺是否参与H₂O₂对盐碱胁迫下植物种子萌发和成苗的调控,以燕麦（Avena nude）为试验材料,采用隶属函数分析方法,研究了胞外游离Ca²⁺螯合剂EGTA、质膜Ca²⁺通道阻断剂LaCl₃和液泡膜Ca²⁺释放抑制剂钌红（RR）与H₂O₂共处理对盐碱混合（NaCl：Na₂SO₄：NaHCO₃：Na₂CO₃=12：8：9：1）胁迫下种子萌发和成苗的影响。结果表明,25~200 mmol·L^-1盐碱混合胁迫显著抑制燕麦的种子萌发和成苗,抑制程度随浓度提高而增强;0.001~2 mmol·L^-1 H₂O₂能够促进燕麦种子的萌发和成苗,且0.5 mmol·L^-1 H₂O₂可以显著缓解75 mmol·L^-1盐碱混合胁迫对燕麦种子萌发和成苗的抑制作用;而EGTA、LaCl₃和RR均能消减H₂O₂对盐碱混合胁迫下燕麦种子萌发和成苗的促进作用。表明Ca²⁺参与H₂O₂促进盐碱混合胁迫下燕麦种子萌发和成苗的信号转导过程。     

不同时期喷施NaHS对盐碱胁迫下裸燕麦H2S产生和活性氧代谢的影响

为了解气体信号硫化氢（H₂S）对盐碱胁迫下裸燕麦（Avena nuda）活性氧（ROS）代谢的调节效应,筛选和确定H₂S最佳的施用时期和适宜浓度。采用盆栽土培试验,研究了在裸燕麦不同时期（幼苗期、拔节期、抽穗期、开花期和灌浆期）喷施0、25、50、100、200、400 μmol·L^-1 H₂S供体硫氢化钠（NaHS）对3.0 g·kg^-1盐碱混合 （NaCl∶Na₂SO₄∶NaHCO₃∶Na₂CO₃摩尔比为12∶8∶9∶1）胁迫下裸燕麦叶片H₂S含量、H₂S生成关键酶L-半胱氨酸脱巯基酶（LCD）活性和ROS代谢相关物质含量和酶活性的影响。结果表明：喷施时期和NaHS浓度及其交互作用对盐碱胁迫下裸燕麦叶片中H₂S、超氧阴离子（）、过氧化氢（H₂O₂）、丙二醛（MDA）、抗坏血酸（AsA）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量及LCD、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性存在显著影响。与喷施0 μmol?L^-1 NaHS相比,喷施一定浓度NaHS能够提高H₂S、AsA、GSH含量和LCD、SOD、CAT、POD、APX和GR活性,减少、H₂O₂和MDA积累,但以上各指标最佳的喷施时期和NaHS浓度存在差异。隶属函数综合分析显示,在幼苗期和拔节期喷施25~200 μmol?L^-1 NaHS的综合评价值（D）最高,表明在幼苗—拔节期喷施25~200 μmol?L^-1 NaHS能更好提高ROS清除能力,从而缓解盐碱胁迫诱导ROS对裸燕麦的氧化伤害。     

黄瓜砧用白籽南瓜对不同盐胁迫的耐性评价

采用营养液栽培,研究Ca(NO₃)₂和NaCl胁迫对黄瓜嫁接用砧木南瓜幼苗生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响,并用隶属函数法综合评价其耐盐性.结果表明： 低浓度盐30 mmol·L^-1Ca(NO₃)₂和等渗的45 mmol·L^-1 NaCl处理促进砧木幼苗生长;高浓度盐60、120 mmol·L^-1Ca(NO₃)₂和等渗的90、180 mmol·L^-1NaCl胁迫下,各砧木幼苗的生长和抗氧化酶系统均受到不同程度的抑制,其中,‘青砧1号’的盐害指数最小,生物量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的下降幅度以及相对电导率的上升幅度均小于其他砧木.高盐Ca(NO₃)₂胁迫下,各砧木SOD、POD和CAT酶活性均高于等渗的NaCl,而盐害指数和相对电导率低于NaCl,表明Ca(NO₃)₂对砧木南瓜幼苗生长的危害小于NaCl.4个砧木品种的耐盐性顺序为‘青砧1号’>‘佐木南瓜’>‘丰源铁甲’>‘超霸南瓜’.     

外施Ca2+、ABA及H3PO4对盐碱胁迫的缓解效应

分别对300mmol·L^-1NaCl和100mmol·L^-1Na₂CO₃盐碱胁迫下的羊草苗进行以不同方式施加Ca²⁺、ABA和H₃PO₄等缓解胁迫处理.结果表明,外施Ca²⁺、ABA和H₃PO₄明显缓解了盐碱对羊草生长的抑制作用.叶面喷施效果好于根部处理;施用Ca(NO₃)₂效果好于施用CaCl₂效果;混合施用CaCl₂和ABA的效果比单独施用ABA或CaCl₂的效果好.     

miR-142-3p通过调控ELAVL1表达影响过氧化氢诱导的心肌细胞损伤的分子机制

目的探讨微小RNA-142-3p（miR-142-3p）对过氧化氢诱导的心肌细胞损伤的影响及其作用机制。 方法构建氧化应激损伤模型,以H9C2心肌细胞为研究对象,实验将心肌细胞转染后分为正常对照组、H₂O₂组、H₂O₂+miR-142-3p组、H₂O₂+miR阴性对照组、H₂O₂+?si-?ELAVL1组、H₂O₂+siRNA对照组、H₂O₂+miR-142-3p+pcDNA-ELAVL1组、H₂O₂+miR-?142-3p+pcDNA组。分别采用qRT-PCR与Western Blot检测细胞中miR-142-3p与ELAVL1表达;检测各组活性氧（ROS）生成水平;MTT检测细胞存活率,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。双荧光素酶报告实验验证miR-142-3p与ELAVL1的靶向作用。Western Blot检测细胞中Cleaved Caspase-3、STAT3、Caspase-3、p-STAT3蛋白表达。两组间比较采用两样本t检验;多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,两两比较采用LSD-t检验。 结果H₂O₂组心肌细胞中miR-142-?3p（0.26±0.06）、p-STAT3表达水平（0.36±0.04）、细胞存活率（61.73±6.48）﹪与正常对照组相比下降（P均< 0.01）,而ROS水平（1?566.38±121.57）、细胞凋亡率（27.46±1.73）﹪、Cleaved Caspase-3（0.68±0.08）及ELAVL1表达水平（4.23±0.31）均升高（P均< 0.01）;双荧光素酶报告实验证实ELAVL1是miR-142-3p的靶基因;miR-142-3p过表达或沉默ELAVL1表达可明显促进心肌细胞存活、上调p-STAT3表达,而抑制细胞凋亡及Cleaved Caspase-3表达;ELAVL1过表达可逆转miR-142-3p对过氧化氢处理H9C2细胞的保护作用。 结论miR-142-?3p可通过抑制ELAVL1表达进而减轻过氧化氢诱导的心肌细胞损伤,其可能通过影响STAT3信号通路而保护心肌细胞。     

H2O2介导的H2S产生参与干旱诱导的拟南芥气孔关闭

以野生型拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)及其突变体(atrbohD、atrbohF、atrbohD/F、atl-cdes、atd-cdes)和过表达株系(OEL-CDes、OED-CDes)为材料, 利用药理学实验, 结合分光光度法和激光共聚焦显微技术, 探讨硫化氢(hydrogen sulfide, H₂S)在干旱诱导的拟南芥气孔关闭中的作用及其与过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide, H₂O₂)的关系。结果表明, H₂S清除剂次牛磺酸(hypotaurine, HT)及合成抑制剂氨氧基乙酸(aminooxy acetic acid, AOA)、羟胺(hydroxylamine, NH₂OH)和丙酮酸钾(potasium pyruvate, C₃H₃KO₃)+氨水(ammonia, NH₃)均可不同程度抑制干旱诱导的气孔关闭; 干旱对OEL-CDes和OED-CDes植株气孔关闭的诱导作用明显, 而atl-cdes和atd-cdes叶片气孔对干旱胁迫反应的敏感性下降; 干旱胁迫能明显增加拟南芥保卫细胞中H₂O₂水平及叶片中H₂S含量, 提高D-/L-半胱氨酸脱巯基酶活性及基因表达量, 而对突变体atrbohD、atrbohF和atrbohD/F没有显著影响。清除H₂O₂可减弱干旱胁迫对H₂S含量和D-/L-半胱氨酸脱巯基酶活性的诱导效应。研究 结果表明H₂S位于H₂O₂下游参与干旱诱导拟南芥气孔关闭的信号转导过程。     

Synthesis, structure, and heterogeneous catalytic activity of tungsten chalcogenide cubane cluster containing alkaline earth metal complex

A new compound containing a cubane tungsten chalcogenide cluster [W₄(μ₃-Te)₄(CN)₁₂]⁶⁻ and Ca²⁺ complex units has been prepared by the reaction of aqueous solution of K₆[W₄(μ₃-Te)₄(CN)₁₂] · 5H₂O with the solution of a Ca(NO₃)₂ and phen(1,10-phenanthroline) (1:2 molar ratio) in a solvent mixture of H₂O/EtOH. The structure of [{Ca(phen)₂(H₂O)}{Ca(phen)(H₂O)₄}{Ca(phen)₂(H₂O)₃}][W₄Te₄(CN)₁₂] · 5H₂O 1 has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Compound 1 contains [{Ca(phen)(H₂O)₄}{Ca(phen)₂(H₂O)₃}][W₄(μ₃- Te)₄(CN)₁₂] units bridged by {Ca(phen)₂(H₂O)}²⁺ units to form an one-dimensional zigzag chain structure. Interestingly, compound 1 showed a heterogeneous catalytic activity in the transesterification of a range of esters with methanol under the mild conditions. Moreover, it can be reused without any loss of activity through 10 runs with ester.     

胞质Ca2+参与外源H2S促进盐碱胁迫下裸燕麦种子萌发

硫化氢（Hydrogen sulfide,H₂S）是植物新型气体信号分子,钙离子（Calcium,Ca²⁺）为重要的第二信使,两者在植物逆境响应中分别发挥着重要作用。为明确胞质Ca²⁺在外源H₂S促进盐碱胁迫下作物种子萌发中的作用,以裸燕麦（Avena nude）为材料,采用培养皿培养,以混合盐碱（NaCl、Na₂SO₄、Na₂CO₃、NaHCO₃的摩尔比为12：8：1：9）模拟甘肃裸燕麦种植地盐碱环境,蒸馏水为对照,测定了胞外Ca²⁺螯合剂乙二醇-双-（2-氨基乙醚）四乙酸（EGTA）、质膜Ca²⁺通道阻断剂氯化镧（LaCl₃）、液泡Ca²⁺释放抑制剂钌红（RR）和内质网钙泵阻断剂毒胡萝卜素（Thaps）分别与H₂S供体硫氢化钠（NaHS）共处理下种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、平均发芽速率、胚根长和胚芽长7个发芽指标,利用隶属函数分析方法综合评价胞质Ca²⁺对H₂S缓解盐碱胁迫抑制种子萌发的影响。结果表明,随着盐碱胁迫浓度增大,裸燕麦种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、平均发芽速率、胚根长和胚芽长显著下降。与对照相比,15~75 mmol·L^-1盐碱胁迫导致裸燕麦种子萌发的隶属函数综合评价值（D）显著降低,30 mmol·L^-1盐碱胁迫下D值下降了73.1%;100~1 000 μmol·L^-1 NaHS不同程度提高了裸燕麦种子萌发的D值,且100 μmol·L^-1 NaHS缓解30 mmol·L^-1盐碱胁迫下D值下降的作用最大;EGTA、LaCl₃和RR均显著逆转了100 μmol·L^-1 NaHS对30 mmol·L^-1盐碱胁迫下D值下降的缓解作用,而Thaps对NaHS的作用无显著影响。表明胞质Ca²⁺参与外源H₂S促进盐碱胁迫下裸燕麦种子萌发的信号传导过程,且胞质Ca²⁺主要来源于胞外Ca²⁺的内流和液泡中Ca²⁺的释放。     

Influence of different site symmetries of Eu centers on the luminescence properties of Anderson-based compounds

Two compounds, [Eu(H₂O)₇][Al(OH)₆Mo₆O₁₈] · 4H₂O (1) and {(C₂H₅NO₂)₂[Eu(H₂O)₅]}[Al(OH)₆Mo₆O₁₈] · 10H₂O (2), have been synthesized by conventional solution method and determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 shows a 1D chain structure built up of alternating Anderson-type polyanions [Al(OH)₆Mo₆O₁₈]³⁻ and hydrated rare-earth ions Eu³⁺. Compound 2 displays a 3D supramolecular network structure containing 1D sandglass-like channels along c axis, which were occupied by repetitive array of (H₂O)₈ clusters. Extensive hydrogen bonds play an important role in the formation of the 3D structures of 1 and 2. Luminescence measurements reveal that 1 and 2 exhibit intense red and orange fluorescent emission at room temperature, respectively. Origin of the distinct emission can be assigned to the different site symmetries of Eu³⁺ centers in the two compounds. These results are consistent with the crystal structures of the two compounds.     

Syntheses, structures and magnetic properties of mono- and di-manganese inclusion compounds

Mono- and di-manganese inclusion compounds 1 and 2 are reported. Two mono-manganese molecules Mn(bpy)₂(NO₃)₂ (bpy=2,2′-bipyridine) and [Mn(bpy)₂(NO₃)(H₂O)]·NO₃ coexist in the mole ratio of 1:1 in the structure of 1, while two di-manganese molecules [Mn₂O(bpy)₂(phtha)₂(H₂O)₂]·(NO₃)₂ (phtha=phthalate) and [Mn₂O(bpy)₂(phtha)₂(NO₃)(H₂O)]·NO₃ in the structure of 2. Refluxing Mn(NO₃)₂/bpy/phthalic acid reaction mixtures in CH₃CN leads to the isolation of 1, further concentration of the reaction solution in raising temperature results in 2. The Mn₁ and Mn₂ units in the inclusion compounds 1 and 2 are similar to other reported Mn₁ and Mn₂ analogs, respectively. The Jahn–Teller distortion was observed to give rise to the elongation along the O_terminal---Mn---O_carboxyl axes for all the four Mn(III) sites in 2, leading to unexpected longer Mn(III)---O_aqua than Mn(II)---O_aqua in 1. Extensive hydrogen bonding interactions among H₂O, NO₃ ⁻ and COOH were observed in the two inclusion compounds. Cyclic voltammetry of 2 in DMF displays two quasi-reversible redox couples at +0.10/+0.22 and −0.43/−0.36 V assigned to the Mn(III)Mn(IV)/2Mn(III) and 2Mn(III)/Mn(III)Mn(II), respectively. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibilities of 1 and 2 were measured. The data were fit to a model including axial zero-field splitting term and a good fit was found with D=1.77 cm⁻¹, g=1.98 and F=1.48×10⁻⁵ for 1. For 2, the least-squares fitting of the experimental data led to J=2.37 cm⁻¹, g=2.02 and D=0.75 cm⁻¹ with R=1.45×10⁻³.     

Structural determinations, magnetic and EPR studies of complexes involving the Cr(OH)2Cr unit

Five heterometallic compounds with formulae [Ba(H₂O)₄Cr₂(μ-OH)₂(nta)₂] · 3H₂O (I), [M(bpy)₂(H₂O)₂] [Cr₂(OH)₂(nta)₂] · 7H₂O, where M²⁺ = Zn, (II); Ni, (III); Co, (IV) and [Mn(H₂O)₃(bpy)Cr₂(OH)₂(nta)₂] · (bpy) · 5H₂O (V); bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, (nta = nitrilotriacetate ion) have been prepared by reaction of I with the corresponding M^II-sulfates in the presence of 2,2′-bipyridine. Substances I–V have been characterized by magnetic susceptibility measurements, EPR and X-ray determinations. I represents a 2D coordination polymer formed by coordination of centrosymmetrical dimeric chromium(III) units and Barium cations. The 10-coordinate Ba polyhedron is completed by four water molecules. Compounds II–IV are isostructural and consist of non-centrosymmetric dimeric anions [Cr₂(μ-OH)₂(nta)₂]²⁻, complex cations [M^II(bpy)₂(H₂O)₂]²⁺ and solvate water molecules. The octahedral coordination of chromium atoms implies four donor atoms of the nta³⁻ ligands and two bridging OH groups. Multiple hydrogen bonds of coordinated and solvate water molecules link anions and cations in a 3D network. A similar [Cr₂(μ-OH)₂(nta)₂]²⁻ unit is found in V. The bridging function is performed by a carboxylate oxygen atom of the nta ligand that leads to the formation of a trinuclear complex [Mn(bpy)(H₂O)₂Cr₂(μ-OH)₂(nta)₂]. Experimental and calculated frequency and temperature dependences of EPR spectra of these compounds are presented. The fine structure appearing on the EPR spectra of compound V is analyzed in detail at different temperatures. It is established that the main part of the EPR signals is due to the transitions in the spin states of a spin multiplet with S = 2. Analyses of experimental and calculated spectra confirm the absence of interaction between metal ions (M^II) and Cr-dimers in complexes III and IV and the presence of weak Mn–Cr interactions in V. The temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibilities for I–V was fitted on the basis of the expression derived from isotropic Hamiltonian including a bi-quadratic exchange term.     

Mixed anion lanthanide(III) crown ether complexes: crystal structures of [LaCl2(NO3)(12-crown-4)]2, [La(NO3)(OH2)4-(12-crown-4)]Cl2·CH3CN and [LaCl2(NO3)(18-crown-6)]

Reaction of LaCl₃·7H₂O containing small amounts of La(NO₃)₃·7H₂O as an impurity with 12-crown-4 or 18-crown-6 in 3:1 CH₃CN:CH₃OH resulted in the isolation of the mixed anion complexes [LaCl₂(NO₃)(12-crown-4)]₂, [La(NO₃)(OH₂)₄(12-crown-4)]Cl₂·CH₃CN and [LaCl₂(NO₃)(18-crown-6)]. The nine-coordinate dimer, [LaCl₂(NO₃)(12-crown-4)]₂, has all of the anions in the inner coordination sphere and La³⁺ has a capped square antiprismatic geometry. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with (at −150 °C) a = 12.938(6), B = 15.704(3), C = 13.962(2) Å, and D_calc = 2.08 g cm⁻³ for Z = 4. The second complex isolated from the same reaction, [La(NO₃)(OH₂)₄(12-crown-4)]Cl₂·CH₃CN, has the bidentate nitrate anion in the inner coordination sphere but the two chloride anions are in a hydrogen bonded outer sphere. This complex is ten-coordinate 4A,6B-expanded dodecahedral and crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁ with (at 20 °C) A = 7.651(2), B = 11.704(7), C = 11.608(4) Å, β = 95.11(2)°, and D_calc = 1.80 g cm⁻³ for Z = 2. The 18-crown-6 complex, [LaCl₂(NO₃)(18-crown-6)], has all inner sphere anions and has ten-coordinate 4A,6B-expanded dodecahedral La³⁺ centers. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with (at 20 °C) a = 14.122(7), B = 13.563(5), C = 19.311(9) Å, and D_calc = 1.89 g cm⁻³ for Z = 8.     

茄子无土栽培氮磷钾浓度优化施肥方案

本试验采用三因子二次饱和D-最优设计(310),以蛭石为栽培介质,建立了以氮、磷、钾浓度为变量因子,茄子产量和品质为目标函数的三元二次数学模型,以期得到茄子优质高产最优氮磷钾浓度范围.对模型解析结果表明: 氮、磷、钾浓度对茄子产量和品质均有显著影响.对产量和品质的影响程度均以钾浓度较大,对产量的影响程度以氮浓度次之,磷浓度较小,对品质则为磷浓度次之,氮浓度较小.氮磷、氮钾、磷钾浓度交互对茄子产量均有显著影响;氮钾浓度交互对茄子品质亦有显著影响.在低水平条件下,茄子产量和品质均随氮、磷、钾浓度增加而增加,但超过一定范围后,茄子产量和品质均随之降低.通过计算机模拟运算得出,本试验条件下茄子单株产量达3600 g的施肥方案为:氮16.0～20.0 mmol·L^-1、磷2.2～2.6 mmol·L^-1、钾9.9～12.9 mmol·L^-1;品质综合评分在90分以上的施肥方案为:氮18.0～21.1 mmol·L^-1、磷1.9～2.6 mmol·L^-1、钾10.6～13.3 mmol·L^-1.试验小区茄子产量预期达到43.2 kg(6个月生长期)、品质综合评分高达90分以上的优质高产营养液氮磷钾浓度范围为:氮18.0～20.0 mmol·L^-1、磷2.2～2.6 mmol·L^-1、钾10.6～12.6 mmol·L^-1,适宜的N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O浓度比例约为1∶0.13∶0.62.