携带SHV类超广谱β-内酰胺酶的吉戈菲肠杆菌北京株的研究

用接合转移的遗传学方法证实了临床分离菌株吉戈菲肠杆菌(Enterobactergergoviae)3773含有一约60kb的可转移质粒,又用测耐药表型、酶水解率及基因片段杂交等方法证实了该质粒上有一编码产生超广谱β-内酰胺酶(Esbla)的基因.其大肠杆菌接合子除了头霉甲氧塞吩(cefoxitin)和亚胺硫霉素(imipenem)外,几乎对所有测定的β-内酰胺类药物都表现耐药,β-内酰胺酸抑制剂——棒酸(clavulanate)可抑制此Esbla的活性.携带此Esbla基因的质粒的一片段可与SHV-1的一结构基因片段杂交,说明此酶是SHV类的Esbla.     

海枣曲霉β-木糖苷酶的提纯和性质

从海枣曲霉(Aspergillus phoenicis)麦麸培养物抽提液中。通过聚乙二醇6000-磷酸钾缓冲液双水相分离．相继用SephadexG-100凝胶过滤、DEAE—Sephadex A-50离子交换柱层析、羟基磷灰石吸附层析、DEAE-Sephadex A-50离子交换层析、SE—Sephadex C-50离子交换层析以及Sephadex G-50柱层析等提纯步骤,提纯到凝胶电泳均一的β-木糖苷酶。该酶的最适pH为3．5,最适温度为65 C．在pH3．5—6．5之间稳定,酶保温30分钟时的半失活温度(t1-2)为68C。酶的分子量勾95 000,等电点为4．4。Hg2-和Ag+对该酶有强烈的抑制作用。在所测定的底物中．Β-术糖苷酶仅对β-木精苷(pNP-β-Xyl)有强水解作用。其Km值为0．63mmol／L．Vmax为410 umol·min 1．Mg-1。D-木糖为β-木糖苷酶的竞争性抑制剂,其K．值为7．5mmol／L。     

啤酒酵母和产朊假丝酵母属间原生质体融合子的筛选

利用不可逆生化抑制剂碘乙酸抑制一亲株细胞的生理活性和利用两亲株细胞间生理性状的差异性,进行啤酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)和产朊假丝酵母(Candida utilis)原生质体融合子的筛选,属间原生质体融合率为3.47×10~(-6)。经菌落形态比较,碳化合物的同化和发酵,DNA含量测定,酯酶型分析,细胞核染色,产孢试验和自然的核分离实验证明,融合子分三种类型:87.21%产朊假丝醇母型;9.02%啤酒酵母型;3.77%真正核融合子型。     

尖镰孢青霉素V酰化酶的纯化及性质

通过硫酸铵沉淀、硅藻土吸附、DEAD-纤维素离子交换层析和Sephadex G-200凝胶过滤,由尖镰孢(Fusarium oxysporum)FP941培养滤液中得到了聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳均一的青霉素V酰化酶。酶作用最适pH为7.0,最适温度为50℃。酶在pH6.0—8.0和42℃以下稳定。酶作用青霉素V的米氏常数Km为4.65×10~(-3)mol/L;苯氧乙酸是酶的竞争性抑制剂,抑制常数Ki为23.87×10~(-3)mol/L;6-氨基青霉烷酸是酶的非竞争性抑制剂,抑制常数Ki为30.01×10~(-3)mol/L。某些金属离子对酶有抑制作用,Fe~(2+)最强,其次是Hg~(2+)和Cu~(2+)。用SDS凝胶电泳测定酶亚基分子量为77600;用分子筛测定自然酶分子量为148000。     

大肠杆菌β-D-半乳糖苷酶的定位突变及突变酶的动力学性质

利用人工合成的寡核苷酸探针,将编码大肠杆菌β-D-半乳糖苷酶(EC3.2.1.23)的Lac Z基因中537位Glu密码子GAA分别用GAC(Asp)、CAA(Gln)、GTC(Val)来替代,替代后的突变酶的催化活性显著降低.同天然β-D-半乳糖苷酶相比,作用于ONPG底物时,突变酶的k_(cat)值分别为0.13%(Asp-537)、0.0006%(Gln-537)、0.0035%(Val-537),但它们的K_m值并无明显改变.无论是天然酶还是突变酶,底物类似物IPTG是一个强有力的抑制剂,而过渡态类似物2-脱氧-2-氨基-半乳糖和L-核糖只对突变酶有微弱的抑制作用.活化剂叠氮钠的激活作用小于β-D-半乳糖苷酶的Glu-461突变酶.催化甲醇成酯反应的能力小于天然酶.突变酶对热更不稳定.以上结果表明Glu-537残基是该酶催化反应的必需基团.     

丛枝菌根真菌侵染势与接种势之间的关系

丛枝菌根(AM)真菌的侵染势(Colonizationpotential,CP)和接种势(inoculumpotential,IP)是菌根学领域非常重要的两个概念。IP已定义为接种物中有活力的真菌繁殖体及结构的数量(Liu&Luo,1994)。而CP的定量描述和测定方法尚未建立。本文将CP定义为单位数量接种物在侵染初期侵染植物根系的能力,其定量测定公式为:CP=N×L/IP×T,其中N为单位根长侵入点数+根内和根外菌丝数+含有丛枝的细胞数+泡囊数;L为每株寄主植物根系总长度;IP为接种物的接种势单位数;T为接种后的天数。用棉花(Gossypiumhirsutum)、大豆(Glycinemax)、红三叶(Trifoliumpratense)和玉米(Zeamays)和3种AM真菌Gigasporamargarita(Gim),Glomusintraradices(Gi),andGlomusversiforme(Gv)不同剂量(100,300,900,2700and8100接种势单位)的接种物进行试验,以定量测定CP、以及CP和IP之间的关系。结果表明,在相同数量的IP条件下,不同AM真菌具有不同的CP,应用该研究…     

中国乳菇属的研究I．乳菇属的新种及新记录种

本文报道乳菇属(Lactarius S. F. Gray)的30个种,其中黑茸乳菇(Lactarius atr-ovelutinus Ying)：毛脚乳菇(Lactarius hirtipes Ying)为新种;另外28种乳菇是中国的新记录种。对乳菇属的特征、界限及其实用价值亦予以简介。     

大肠杆菌-链霉菌高效接合载体的构建及其应用

以链霉菌质粒SCP2 的衍生质粒pHJL400为基础 ,构建了能够在大肠杆菌到链霉菌之间进行高效接合转移的质粒pGH112。pGH112含有在大肠杆菌和链霉菌中复制起始位点 ,以及分别在大肠杆菌和链霉菌中进行筛选的抗性标记。用pGH112转化EscherichiacoliET12567(pUZ8002 )后 ,与天蓝链霉菌 (StreptomycescoelicolorA3(2 ) )、除虫链霉菌 (Streptomycesavermitilis)、变铅青链霉菌 (StreptomyceslividansTK54 )、毒三素链霉菌 (StreptomycestoxytriciniNRRL15443)、委内瑞拉链霉菌 (Streptomyces.venezuelaeISP5230 )和红色糖多孢菌 (Saccharopolyporaerythraea)进行接合 ,发现本文构建的pGH112与pKC1139相比 ,接合转移效率较高 ,稳定性好 ,而且宿主范围较广。把组成型启动子ermE 与绿色荧光蛋白基因 (gfp)克隆到本文构建的pGH112 ,通过接合转移到链霉菌中 ,gfp获得表达,证明其可以用作基因接合转移的有效工具载体,这为研究链霉菌的基因功能创造了有利条件上。     

渗透胁迫下脱水蛋白DHN1在猕猴桃细胞中表达及亚细胞分布的动态变化

以绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)为报告分子, 通过构建DHN1-mGFP4融合蛋白表达载体, 研究了渗透胁迫条件下脱水蛋白DHN1的表达及其亚细胞分布的动态变化. 采用PCR方法在脱水蛋白基因dhn1两端引入XbaⅠ和BamHⅠ限制性内切酶位点, 克隆到质粒pBIN-35S mGFP4, 构建DHN1-mGFP4融合蛋白表达载体, 并采用基因枪转化猕猴桃(A. delicisoa)悬浮细胞. 培养10 h后观察到高效表达的GFP绿色荧光, 绿色荧光只出现在细胞核内. 提高培养介质渗透势后, 可以诱导脱水蛋白向细胞质分布(主要集中在质膜周围), 并且增加介质渗透势可以明显缩短细胞质出现绿色荧光的时间. 蛋白合成抑制剂环己亚胺能够抑制细胞质绿色荧光的出现, 暗示细胞质出现的脱水蛋白是诱导产生的结果. ABA可以明显促进细胞质绿色荧光的出现, 并且随着介质渗透势的升高迅速缩短细胞质绿色荧光的出现时间.     

高温放线菌V4菌株热稳定β-淀粉酶的产生及其性质的研究

高温放线菌V₄菌株(Thermoactinomyces sp.V₄)产生的β－淀粉酶最适反应温度为70℃,最适pH为6,酶的热稳定性良好,50℃(4h)不失去酶活力,55℃(2h)保持最初活力的92％,酶对可溶性淀粉的水解率达77％,纸层析结果显示水解产物主要为麦芽糖,经旋光测定,水解产物具有β－构型。巯基抑制剂对此β－淀粉酶无抑制作用。V₄菌株同时产生异淀粉酶及少量的－菌一淀粉酶。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.