分子伴侣GroESL在大肠杆菌中的克隆、表达及分离纯化

将含分子伴侣GroESL基因的DNA片段,通过在合适的酶切位点进行酶切,将该基因克隆入高表达载体pKC220,含该表达质粒的工程菌经42℃热诱导后,分子伴侣GroESL基因在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达,其中,分子伴侣蛋白GroEL的表达量占细菌总蛋白的40％,其辅助蛋白GroES的表达量占细菌总蛋白的15％;同时,建立了较简单的分离纯化路线,通过硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE-52柱层析,Sephadex G-50凝胶过滤等方法得到纯化的分子伴侣蛋白GroEL和GroES。     

分子伴侣在蛋白质折叠中的作用

分子伴侣主要由三个高度保守的蛋白质家族组成,这三个家族的成员广泛分布于原核和真核细胞中。TCP1复合物是真核细胞细胞溶质内的伴侣蛋白。分子伴侣在蛋白质折叠过程中防止多肽链形成聚集物或无活性结构,提高正确折叠率。本文重点讨论Stress-70家族蛋白质和伴侣蛋白协助蛋白质折叠过程中的协同性以及伴侣蛋白GroEL和GroES的作用机理。     

表达大肠杆菌分子伴侣GroEL、GroES和GrpE载体的构建及其应用

大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）共表达系统常要求质粒具有不同抗生素抗性以及不同的复制子。利用粘性末端PCR技术,以含有大肠杆菌分子伴侣基因GroEL、GroES和唧E的pR—GESP质粒为模板,设计两对引物,通过两次独立的PCR反应扩增3个基因的多顺反子,将形成粘性末端的PCR产物插入NcoI和Xho1酶切的pACY．CDuet-1质粒,构建的pA—GESP质粒具有p15A复制子及氯霉素抗性,和具有ColE1复制子及卡那霉素抗性表达载体pET28b相容。SDS—PAGE显示含有pA—GESP质粒的大肠杆菌细胞中3个分子伴侣蛋白的表达水平和含有pR—GESP质粒的大肠杆菌细胞没有明显差异,它们对玉米丝氨酸消旋酶的可溶性表达有部分促进作用,但对N端含有组氨酸标签的玉米铁氧还蛋白还原酶的表达没有作用,在三个含有不同抗生素基因的质粒中共表达分子伴侣、5-氨基乙酰丙酸合酶和尿卟啉原III甲基化酶,两个酶连续催化的荧光产物在细胞内积累量为562．13±3．17／OD600,而没有分子伴侣的积累量为457．66±4．98／OD600,表明分子伴侣改善部分蛋白在大肠杆菌的可溶性表达和催化功能。     

“橄榄球迷的喜讯”

大肠杆菌伴侣蛋白GroEL和GroES已被广泛研究其目的在于了解这些蛋白如何行使蛋白质折叠功能,本文为此提出一种模式,即圆柱状的GroEL蛋白质通过其上的两个凹槽之一与底物结合．     

巨大芽孢杆菌分子伴侣GroES和GroEL新基因的克隆及同源性分析

巨大芽孢杆菌作为革兰氏阳性细菌的一种,是良好的重组蛋白的表达宿主.本研究利用PCR技术从巨大芽孢杆菌基因组克隆出一条1.9Kb的基因片段.核酸序列分析结果表明,该片段全长1984bp,包含2个ORF,分别与芽孢杆菌来源的GroES和GroEL基因有高度的相似性.氨基酸序列比对发现,GroES蛋白与枯草芽孢杆菌来源的GroES蛋白氨基酸序列同源性为91%,GroEL蛋白氨基酸序列同源性为90%.     

巨大芽孢杆菌分子伴侣GroES和GroEL新基因的克隆及同源性分析

巨大芽孢杆菌作为革兰氏阳性细菌的一种,是良好的重组蛋白的表达宿主.本研究利用PCR技术从巨大芽孢杆菌基因组克隆出一条1.9 Kb的基因片段.核酸序列分析结果表明,该片段全长1 984 bp,包含2个ORF,分别与芽孢杆菌来源的GroES和GroEL基因有高度的相似性.氨基酸序列比对发现,GroES蛋白与枯草芽孢杆菌来源的GroES蛋白氨基酸序列同源性为91%,GroEL蛋白氨基酸序列同源性为90%.     

不同寄主植物的烟粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)内共生菌传毒相关GroEL蛋白的一致性

通过对7种寄主植物上B型烟粉虱北京种群的内共生菌传毒相关groEL基因进行PCR扩增和测序,结合已有的相关序列,构建了groEL基因及其编码的GroEL蛋白的分子系统树。结果表明：烟粉虱内共生菌产生的groEL基因是一个非常保守的基因,北京不同寄主植物的烟粉虱内共生菌与IsraelB型烟粉虱内共生菌的groEL基因亲源关系非常近,位于同一进化分支,其编码的GroEL蛋白的分子系统树也基本上是一致的。不同物种的groEL基因及其编码的GroEL蛋白分别位于不同的分支,说明groEL基因及其编码的GroEL蛋白的分子系统树可以用于分析物种间的进化关系。氨基酸序列比较表明：烟粉虱内共生菌GroEL具有原核GroEL的保守氨基酸、ATP酶活性位点、多肽结合位点和GroES连接位点,为典型的hsp60。不同来源烟粉虱内共生菌GroEL有少数几个保守氨基酸发生了置换,可能不是GroEL功能的重要位点。说明在容易变异的细菌基因组中,groEL基因为了维持其正常重要的生理功能,会通过保持功能位点的稳定性来应对不同生态因素的影响。     

肝癌相关抗原SMP30重组基因的构建、表达及分子伴侣共表达系统的探索

旨在通过应用基因工程的方法构建、表达和纯化肝癌相关抗原SMP30,研究共表达分子伴侣提高基因工程蛋白表达的可溶性及效率。PCR扩增SMP30 cDNA序列,用基因工程技术构建重组表达质粒,转化E.coliBL21(DE3)pLysS宿主菌。表达蛋白经Ni-NTA亲和柱纯化获得HIS-SMP30融合蛋白;分别将4种表达不同分子伴侣的质粒(pG-KJE8、pGro7、pKJE7、pTf16)转入E.coliBL21(DE3)中;然后再将重组质粒转入含有分子伴侣质粒的细胞中,进行分子伴侣与重组质粒的共表达,SDS-PAGE检测目的蛋白的表达量与可溶性分析。经优化表达条件后,目的蛋白以包涵体形式表达,目的蛋白占总蛋白的60%以上;纯化后纯度高达95%以上;诱导共表达后,目的蛋白在上清含量极少,不到总表达目的蛋白的10%。成功构建出高效表达的SMP30重组质粒;加入到诱导表达体系中的4种分子伴侣质粒不能有效的促进可溶性蛋白的表达,pTf16共表达系统能增加目的蛋白表达量。     

固定化分子伴侣GroE促进变性溶菌酶复性的研究

利用重组大肠杆菌表达制备了分子伴侣GroE(GroEL和GroES),研究了GroE以及GroEL辅助变性溶菌酶复性的作用。结果表明,不仅游离GroEL单独作用可使溶菌酶复性收率达到90%以上,而且固定化GroEL亦可有效地促进蛋白质复性,最佳复性温度为37℃,最佳pH值范围为6～8,复性酶的活性收率在85%以上。另外,固定化GroEL可反复回收利用,表明固定化GroEL有可能在实际生物下游过程中得到应用。     

Sumo分子伴侣与富含二硫键的抗真菌肽Drs基因的融合有助于其可溶性表达

利用PCR引物延伸的方法合成了分子伴侣Sumo和抗真菌肽Drosomycin的融合基因,将其插入到表达载体pET-3c中,构建出重组表达质粒pET-3c-SD,并转化至大肠杆茵BL21(DE3)中。筛选重组转化子,进行表达条件的优化和表达产物的可溶性分析。结果表明在30℃条件下,用0.5mM IPTG诱导3h 后,目的蛋白表达量最高,约占菌体总蛋白的22％,其中可溶性蛋白超过了目的蛋白的80%。经过Ni-NTA纯化后,融合蛋白的纯度可达95％以上。抑菌实验表明,该融合蛋白对白僵菌（Beauveria bassiana）具有一定的抑真菌活性。本研究证实了使用分子伴侣Sumo融合表达对具有多个二硫键的小分子多肽的表达是非常有效的。     

Escherichia coli thioredoxin-like protein YbbN contains an atypical tetratricopeptide repeat motif and is a negative regulator of GroEL

Many proteins contain a thioredoxin (Trx)-like domain fused with one or more partner domains that diversify protein function by the modular construction of new molecules. The Escherichia coli protein YbbN is a Trx-like protein that contains a C-terminal domain with low homology to tetratricopeptide repeat motifs. YbbN has been proposed to act as a chaperone or co-chaperone that aids in heat stress response and DNA synthesis. We report the crystal structure of YbbN, which is an elongated molecule with a mobile Trx domain and four atypical tetratricopeptide repeat motifs. The Trx domain lacks a canonical CXXC active site architecture and is not a functional oxidoreductase. A variety of proteins in E. coli interact with YbbN, including multiple ribosomal protein subunits and a strong interaction with GroEL. YbbN acts as a mild inhibitor of GroESL chaperonin function and ATPase activity, suggesting that it is a negative regulator of the GroESL system. Combined with previous observations that YbbN enhances the DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE chaperone system, we propose that YbbN coordinately regulates the activities of these two prokaryotic chaperones, thereby helping to direct client protein traffic initially to DnaK. Therefore, YbbN may play a role in integrating the activities of different chaperone pathways in E. coli and related bacteria.     

枯草芽孢杆菌C-36内切葡聚糖酶基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中融合表达

以自行分离筛选出的天然枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）C-36的染色体DNA为模板,PCR扩增得到含有内切葡聚糖酶基因的DNA片段,将其克隆到pMD-18T载体中,序列分析表明,克隆得到的DNA片段全长1602bp,编码一个含有499个氨基酸的多肽。与其他芽孢杆菌内切葡聚糖酶基因序列比对,其核苷酸同源率为90％～93％,其编码的氨基酸序列的同源性在90％～98％,已将此基因注册GenBank（DQ782954）。将含内切葡聚糖酶基因的重组克隆质粒进行亚克隆,用Kpn I和EcoR I双酶切后,与相同酶切的表达载体pET-32a相连接,并导入大肠杆菌BL21中表达。蛋白质电泳实验结果表明在6．47×10^4处有表达蛋白带。经测定表达蛋白比酶活力达99．02U／mL,为出发菌C-36（63．78U／mL）的1．55倍。     

Exendin -4在大肠杆菌中的串联表达、纯化及活性鉴定

目的:完成钝尾毒蜥Exendin -4基因在大肠杆菌中的串联高效表达.方法:按照大肠杆菌偏爱密码子设计Exendin -4基因片段,利用同尾酶构建多拷贝串联的表达载体,于大肠杆菌BL21( DE3)中诱导表达,SDS - PAGE鉴定结果,表达产物Ni柱纯化后肠激酶切割,高效液相色谱及四级杆-飞行时间质谱纯化、鉴定,确定目标产物,作用胰岛瘤细胞INS -1检测胰岛素释放活性.结果:成功构建重组载体pET28a -(Exendin -4)n(n=2,4,6),且均获得可溶性表达产物,重组表达蛋白经切割、纯化、鉴定和制备,最终得到纯度98%的Exendin -4,其具有与标准品相似的促葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素释放活性.结论:试验成功利用串联表达方式制备有活性的Exendin -4,为下一步2型糖尿病治疗药物的研究奠定了基础.     

Chaperonin GroESL mediates the protein folding of human liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli

An efficient bacterial expression system for the human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) was developed using co-overexpression of heat shock chaperone gene GroESL. On the basis of the ALDH2 amino acid sequence and cDNA sequences a full-length cDNA encoding wild-type ALDH2 was cloned from a human liver library. A mutant-type ALDH2 (ALDH2(2)) was developed using site-directed mutagenesis of the ALDH2 cDNA and also cloned. Both types of ALDH2 cDNA were subcloned for expression in Escherichia coli (E. coli), recombinant ALDH2 and ALDH2(2) were successfully expressed as soluble active enzymes following co-expression with a second plasmid construct producing GroES and GroEL, E. coli chaperonin proteins. Purified wild-type ALDH2 and mutant ALDH2(2) had a K(m) for acetaldehyde of 0.65 and 25.73 microM, respectively. Co-expression of ALDH2 with ALDH2(2) in the presence of E. coli chaperonins produced a soluble enzyme with a K(m) for acetaldehyde of 8.79 microM, suggesting that the product was a heteromer. Mitochondrial matrix hsp60 and hsp10 chaperonins are then thought to act on imported ALDH2 and are essential for accurate protein folding and multisubunit formation. Protein-protein interactions between ALDH2s and various chaperones were investigated using the yeast two-hybrid system. The wild-type and mutant-type enzymes strongly interacted with each other and GroEL and ALDH2s also interacted but only weakly. Chaperone hsp10 also interacted with hsp60 and ALDH2(1) and ALDH2(2), but again the interactions were weak ones.     

Multiple Regiospecific Methylations of a Flavonoid by Plant O-Methyltransferases Expressed in E. coli

Quercetin was methylated with two O-methyltransferases (OMTs) expressed in E. coli. A construct (RSOMT) was designed to express two OMTs: ROMT-9, which methylates specifically at the 3'-hydroxyl group of quercetin and SOMT-2, which methylates at the 4'-hydroxyl group. Both OMT genes were driven by T7 promoters and had ribosome binding sites. Both ROMT-9 and SOMT-2 were successfully expressed in E. coli transformant harboring RSOMT. Reaction products of quercetin with E. coli transformant containing RSOMT showed two methylation products that corresponded to the 3'-methylated and the 3',4'-dimethylated quercetin, which were confirmed by NMR. More than 90% of quercetin was converted into the 3',4'-dimethylated quercetin after 24 h incubation with E. coli transformant harboring RSOMT.     

Copper-resistant enteric bacteria from United Kingdom and Australian piggeries.

Thirty-three enteric isolates from Australian (Escherichia coli only) and United Kingdom (U.K.) (Salmonella sp., Citrobacter spp., and E. coli) piggeries were characterized with respect to their copper resistance. The copper resistance phenotypes of four new Australian E. coli isolates were comparable with that of the previously studied E. coli K-12 strain ED8739(pRJ1004), in that the resistance level in rich media was high (up to 18 mM CuSO4) and resistance was inducible. Copper resistance was transferable by conjugation from the new Australian isolates to E. coli K-12 recipients. DNA similarity between the new Australian isolates and the pco copper resistance determinant located on plasmid pRJ1004 was strong as measured by DNA-DNA hybridization; however, the copper resistance plasmids were nonidentical as indicated by the presence of restriction fragment length polymorphisms between the plasmids. DNA-DNA hybridization and polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated DNA homology between the pco determinant and DNA from the U.K.E. coli, Salmonella sp., and Citrobacter freundii isolates. However, the copper resistance level and inducibility were variable among the U.K. strains. Of the U.K. E. coli isolates, 1 demonstrated a high level of copper resistance, 4 exhibited intermediate resistance, and 16 showed a low level of copper resistance; all of these resistances were expressed constitutively. A single U.K. C. freundii isolate, had a high level of copper resistance, inducible by subtoxic levels of copper. Transconjugants from one E. coli and one C. freundii donor, with E. coli K-12 strain UB1637 as a recipient, showed copper resistance levels and inducibility of resistance which differed from that expressed from plasmid pRJ1004.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

小鼠canstatin C端片段基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

为了构建小鼠canstatinC端片段的原核表达载体并在大肠杆菌中表达。以小鼠肝脏组织总RNA为模板,通过RT-PCR扩增小鼠canstatinC端片段(mCan-C)基因,克隆到pMD18-T载体中并进行序列分析。将mCan-C基因定向克隆于原核表达载体pET30a(+)中,构建表达载体pET／mCan-C,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达。结果表明,小鼠canstatinC端片段的cDNA长度为399bp,含有1个终止密码,编码132个氨基酸,与已知的人canstatinC端片段氨基酸的同源性为61％。IPTG诱导mCan-C在大肠杆菌E．coliBL21中表达,表达量约占菌体总蛋白量的28％,重组蛋白主要以包涵体形式存在。首次克隆了小鼠canstatinC端片段的cDNA,IPTG诱导mCan-C在大肠杆菌E．coliBL21中高效表达。小鼠canstatinC端片段的cDNA序列已收入GenBank,接受号为:AY502947。