链霉菌属中的两个新亚种

从青藏高原土壤中分离到A614、A3等一些菌株,分别与近似种锈赤蜡黄链霉菌(Stre-ptomyces rubiginosohelvolus)加利利链霉菌MA444一MI (Streptomyces galilaeus MA144一MI)相比较基本相同,但又有一些区别,所以把A614定名为锈赤蜡黄链霉菌浅色亚种(Strcptomycesrubiginosoheluolus subsp．Pallens n．Subsp．),A3定名为加利利链霉菌西宁亚种(Strcptomyccsgalilaeut subsp．Xiningensis n．Subsp.)。     

嗜热链霉菌的一个新种和一个新亚种

在研究太原地区棉籽壳的微生物区系中,从棉籽壳发酵料中经50℃培养分离到5株嗜热链霉菌,经鉴定为嗜热链霉菌的一个新种和一个新亚种:热深蓝紫链霉菌(Streptomycesthermoatrocyaneoviolaceus)、热深蓝紫链霉菌太原亚种(Streptomyces thermoatrocyaneoviola-ceus subsp.taiyuanensis).     

防治哈密瓜疫霉病抗生素产生菌的鉴定

从乌鲁木齐郊区土壤中分离到一株拮抗性放线菌,编号为Ｍ＿２。通过形态、培养特征、生理生化特性及细胞壁组分分析等研究,鉴定为链霉菌属的一个新亚种,定名为萨拉赛链霉菌乌鲁木齐亚种（Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｍｙｃｅｓｓａｒａｃｃｔｉｃｕｓｖａｒ．Ｕｒｕｍｕｑｉｅｎｓｅｎ．Ｖａｒ）。     

链霉菌属中解磷解钾的三个新种

从我国河北省张家口地区水稻田土壤分离出三株分解磷钾矿粉的链霉菌,经过分类学研究,发现它们是三个新种,分别定名为肉桂褐链霉菌Streptomyces cinnamofuscus,黄色团孢链霉菌S. flavoagglomeratus和紫色变异链霉菌S. violovariabilis。     

灰红紫类群链霉菌的三个新种

对于从我国土壤中分离出来的三株属于灰红紫类群的链霉菌进行了形态、培养特征和生理生化特性的研究,认为与已知的近似种都不相同,是三个新种,289号定名为红木红链霉菌(Streptomyces acajouruber n. sp．);71-351 号定名为玫瑰烬灰链霉菌(Streptomycesreseocinereus n．Sp. )：71-536号定名为铁锈灰链霉菌(Streptomyces ferruginagriseus n. sp.)。     

吸水类群链霉菌的研究IV．两个新种的鉴定

从湖北省房县郊区土壤中分离到SH-121和SH-4两株菌。对其形态、培养特征、生理生化特性、细胞壁化学组份及DNA中G+C克分子含量进行了研究。此两株菌在高氏合成一号等培养基上均产生带成链孢子的气生菌丝体,并具有吸水现象,细胞壁化学组份I型,属于链霉菌属吸水类群,经与已知种比较,定为两个新种,命名为肉色吸水链霉菌(Streptomyces car-neohygroscopicus Zhou et Lin,nov．sp．)和团块普拉特链霉菌(Streptomtces glomeroplatensis Zhou et Lin,nov．sp．)。     

将一株原红霉素链霉菌转入拟无枝菌酸菌属的分类学研究

对保藏的红霉素链霉菌AS4.894、AS4.198的化学分类研究表明,它们的胞壁类型为IV/A型,不属于胞壁为Ⅱ型的链霉菌属。菌株AS4.198与已由Labeda(1987)转入糖多孢菌属(Saccharopolyspora),定名为Saccharopolyspora erythreus的菌株相似;菌株AS4.894虽然胞壁型与糖多孢菌相似,但磷酸类脂为PⅡ型,应转入拟无枝菌酸菌属(Amycolatopsis Lechevalier,1986)。通过与红霉素糖多孢菌(Saccharopolyspora erythreus)和白色拟无枝菌酸菌(Amycolatopsis alba,A83850~T)进行比较,菌株AS4.894的生长Ph范围广泛,耐盐和耐50℃高温,DNA G+C mol％高,区别于拟无枝菌酸菌属中的任何已知种,而建议命名为新种——红霉素拟无枝菌酸菌(Amycolatopsis erythreus comb.nov.)。     

农用抗生素“11874”产生菌的鉴定

从我国江西省井冈山地区的土壤中,分离得到一株拮抗性放线菌11874,它所产生的抗生素(农抗“11874”)对小麦腥黑穗病有较好的防冶效果。通过形态、培养特征、生理生化特性及细胞壁组份的研究,证明该菌株为链霉菌属中的一个新变种,定名为不吸水链霉菌井冈山变种(Streptomyces ahygeoscopicus var. jiuggaugshaueuus n．Var)     

粉红孢链霉菌的两个新种

从山东省和西安市的土样中,分离到3株气丝为粉红色调的链霉菌,编号为0769、01762和01 763。经形态、培养特征和生理生化特性的研究,它们与已知的近似种均不相同,因此定为新种,命名为玫瑰暗红链霉菌(Streptomyces roseoerythraeus n.sp.)(0769)和玫瑰肉色链霉菌(Streptomyces roseocarneus n.sp．)(01 762、01763,其中以01 762为标准株)。     

鲁特介斯链霉菌黄褐变种的鉴定

从浙江省莫干山地区的土样中分离到—株对水稻白叶枯病有防治效果的菌株M130,经形态、培养特征、生理特性,碳源利用、抗菌作用等方面的研究,认为是链霉菌属的一个新变种,定名为鲁特介斯链霉菌黄褐变种Streptomyces rytgersensis var. flavofuscus n. var.。     

Syntrophomonas wolfei subsp. methylbutyratica subsp. nov., and assignment of Syntrophomonas wolfei subsp. saponavida to Syntrophomonas saponavida sp. nov. comb. nov

A spore-forming bacterium strain 4J5(T) was isolated from rice field mud. When co-cultured with Methanobacterium formicicum DSM 1535(T), strain 4J5(T) could syntrophically degrade saturated fatty acids with 4-8 carbon atoms, including 2-methylbutyrate. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene similarity showed that strain 4J5(T) was most closely related to Syntrophomonas wolfei subsp. wolfei DSM 2245(T) (98.9% sequence similarity); however, it differed from the latter in the substrates utilized and its genetic characteristics. Therefore, a new subspecies Syntrophomonas wolfei subsp. methylbutyratica is proposed. The type strain is 4J5(T) (=CGMCC 1.5051(T)=JCM 14075(T)). Furthermore, based on 16S rRNA sequence divergence and substrate utilization, we propose the assignment of Syntrophomonas wolfei subsp. saponavida DSM 4212(T) to Syntrophomonas saponavida sp. nov. comb. nov.     

Taxonomic status of Kitasatosporia, and proposed unification with Streptomyces on the basis of phenotypic and 16S rRNA analysis and emendation of Streptomyces Waksman and Henrici 1943, 339AL.

Species classified within the genus Kitasatosporia share many of the phenotypic characteristics typical of streptomycetes. By using a probabilistic identification scheme, they were identified with Streptomyces exfoliatus cluster 5, a species group within Streptomyces. The four species studied hybridized with a 16S rRNA genus probe for Streptomyces spp., indicating a close relationship between the two genera. The kitasatosporias were resistant to selected polyvalent streptomycete phages tested. Quantitative analysis showed that meso-diaminopimelic acid varied from 49 to 89% in Kitasatosporia species and from 1 to 16% in Streptomyces species depending on growth conditions. On the basis of 16S rRNA analysis, it is proposed to reduce Kitasatosporia to synonymy with Streptomyces. As a result, the new names proposed are Streptomyces mediocidicus comb. nov., Streptomyces phosalacineus comb. nov., Streptomyces setae comb. nov., and Streptomyces griseolosporeus comb. nov., nom. nov.     

Four new yeast species of the genus Sporobolomyces from plant leaves

Among the ballistoconidium-forming yeast strains isolated from various plant leaves collected in North and Northeast China, 12 strains forming orange to orange-red colored colonies were revealed to represent four novel species of the genus Sporobolomyces by conventional, chemotaxonomic and molecular phylogenetic studies, based on the 26S-rDNA D1/D2 domain and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequences. Sporobolomyces beijingensis sp. nov., represented by eight strains (type strain CB 80T = AS 2.2365T = CBS 9730T), and Sporobolomyces jilinensis sp. nov., represented by two strains (type strain CB 118T = AS 2.2301T = CBS 9728T), clustered in the Johnsonii clade of the Sporidiobolus lineage. Sporobolomyces clavatus sp. nov., represented by strain CB 281T (= AS 2.2318T = CBS 9729T), belonged to the Agaricostilbum lineage and showed a close relationship to Sporobolomyces ruber and Sporobolomyces dracophylli. Sporobolomyces symmetricus sp. nov., represented by strain CB 64T(= AS 2.2299T = CBS 9727T), formed nearly symmetrical ballistoconidia and was closely related with Sporobolomyces vermiculatus and Sporobolomyces gracilis in the Gracilis clade of the Erythrobasidium lineage.     

Candida alocasiicola sp. nov., Candida hainanensis sp. nov., Candida heveicola sp. nov. and Candida musiphila sp. nov., novel anamorphic, ascomycetous yeast species isolated from plants

In a taxonomic study on the ascomycetous yeasts isolated from plant materials collected in tropical forests in Yunnan and Hainan Provinces, southern China, four strains isolated from tree sap (YJ2E(T)) and flowers (YF9E(T), YWZH3C(T) and YYF2A(T)) were revealed to represent four undescribed yeast species. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the large subunit (26S) rRNA gene D1/D2 domain sequences showed that strain YJ2E(T) was located in a clade together with Candida haemulonii and C. pseudohaemulonii. Strain YF9E(T) was most closely related to C. azyma and strain YWZH3C(T) to C. sorbophila and C. spandovensis. Strain YYF2A(T) was clustered in a clade containing small-spored Metschnikowia species and related anamorphic Candida species. The new strains differed from their closely related described species by more than 10% mismatches in the D1/D2 domain. No sexual states were observed for the four strains on various sporulation media. The new species are therefore assigned to the genus Candida and described as Candida alocasiicola sp. nov. (type strain, YF9E(T) = AS 2.3484(T) = CBS 10702(T)), Candida hainanensis sp. nov. (type strain, YYF2A(T) = AS 2.3478(T) = CBS 10696(T)), Candida heveicola sp. nov. (type strain, YJ2E(T) = AS 2.3483(T) = CBS 10701(T)) and Candida musiphila sp. nov. (type strain, YWZH3C(T) = AS 2.3479(T) = CBS 10697(T)).     

Halorubellus salinus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Halorubellus litoreus sp. nov., novel halophilic archaea isolated from a marine solar saltern

Two extremely halophilic archaeal strains GX3(T) and GX26(T) were isolated from the Gangxi marine solar saltern near the Weihai city of Shandong Province, China. Cells from the two strains were pleomorphic and stained Gram-negative, colonies were red-pigmented. Strains GX3(T) and GX26(T) were able to grow at 25-50 °C (optimum 37 °C), at 1.4-5.1M NaCl (optimum 3.1M), at pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum pH 7.0) and neither strain required Mg(2+) for growth. Cells lyse in distilled water and the minimal NaCl concentration to prevent cell-lysis was 8% (w/v). The major polar lipids of the two strains were PA (phosphatidic acid), PG (phosphatidylglycerol), PGP-Me (phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester) and three major glycolipids (GL1, GL2 & GL3) chromatographically identical to S-TGD-1 (sulfated galactosyl mannosy glucosyl diether), S-DGD-1 (sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether), and DGD-1 (mannosyl glucosyl diether) respectively, an unidentified lipid (GL4) was also detected in strain GX26(T). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene revealed that strain GX3(T) and strain GX26(T) formed a distinct clade with the closest relative, Haladaptatus paucihalophilus (89.9-92.4% and 90.4-92.7, respectively). The rpoB' gene similarities between strains GX3(T) and GX26(T), and between the two strains and the closest relative, Halorussus rarus TBN4(T) are 96.5%, 84.3% and 83.9%, respectively. The DNA G+C contents of strain GX3(T) and strain GX26(T) are 67.3 mol% and 67.2 mol%, respectively. The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain GX3(T) and strain GX26(T) was 44%. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties suggest that strain GX3(T) and strain GX26(T) represent two novel species in a new genus within the family Halobacteriaceae, Halorubellus salinus gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain GX3(T)=CGMCC 1.10384(T)=JCM 17115(T)) and Halorubellus litoreus sp. nov. (type strain GX26(T)=CGMCC 1.10386(T)=JCM 17117(T)).     

Streptomyces daliensis sp. nov. from soil

A novel actinomycete strain YIM 31724^T was isolated from a soil sample collected from Dali, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China. The strain is characterized by white to yellow white aerial mycelia, spiral spore chains and smooth spore surface. The cell wall of strain YIM 31724^T contained LL-diaminopimelic acid (A₂pm) and traces of meso-A₂pm. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mainly glucose and small amounts of galactose and xylose. The menaquinones were MK-9(H₆) (31%) and MK-9(H₈) (69%). Phosphatidylethanolamine was the diagnostic phospholipid. The DNA G+C content of strain YIM 31724^T was 67.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the strain belongs to the genus Streptomyces, with highest similarity to Streptomyces rimosus subsp. rimosus JCM 4667^T (rRNA gene sequence similarity value of 98.9%) and Streptomyces erumpens DSM 40941^T (rRNA gene sequence similarity value of 98.7%). Based on its phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, including low DNA–DNA hybridization results, strain is proposed as the type strain of a novel species, Streptomyces daliensis sp. nov.     

Nocardia aobensis Sp. Nov., isolated from patients in Japan

Five clinical isolates, strains IFM 0137, 0372(T), 0496, 0556, and 0952, were provisionally assigned to the genus Nocardia based on morphological criteria. Nearly complete 16S rDNA sequences were determined for these strains. These data showed that they are most similar to that of Nocardia africana, Nocardia cerradoensis and Nocardia veterana. However, DNA-DNA relatedness data showed that the five strains were of a single species and were distinguishable from N. africana, N. cerradoensis and N. veterana. Therefore, these strains represent a new species within the genus Nocardia. The designation of these five strains is Nocardia aobensis sp. nov. The type strain is IFM 0372(T) (=NBRC 100429(T)=JCM 12352(T)=DSM 44805(T)).     

Mycobacterium kumamotonense Sp. Nov. recovered from clinical specimen and the first isolation report of Mycobacterium arupense in Japan: Novel slowly growing, nonchromogenic clinical isolates related to Mycobacterium terrae complex

Three mycobacterium strains isolated from clinical specimens in Japan were provisionally assigned to the genus Mycobacterium based on their phenotypical characteristics. These isolates were further investigated to determine their specific taxonomic statuses. Mycolic acid analysis and 16S rRNA gene, rpoB, and hsp65 sequence data for the isolates showed that they are most similar to M. terrae complex. DNA-DNA hybridization studies indicated that the three strains were of two species and were distinguishable from M. terrae, M. nonchromogenicum, and M. hiberniae. Therefore, these strains represent two novel species within the genus Mycobacterium. However, one potential new species should have been considered as M. arupense with the 16S rRNA gene and hsp65 sequences similarities of 99.8% and 100% respectively; it was isolated from human specimens in the United States and was proposed in June 2006 as a new species. This report describes the first isolation of M. arupense in Japan, suggesting that the organism is clinically relevant. In addition, we propose the novel species designation Mycobacterium kumamotonense sp. nov. The type strain is CST 7247(T) (=GTC 2729(T), =JCM 13453(T), =CCUG 51961(T)).     

A taxonomic review of the genus Microbispora and a proposal to transfer two species to the genus Actinomadura and to combine ten species into Microbispora rosea

We conducted a taxonomic review of the genus Microbispora using chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization techniques, and reached the following conclusions: Microbispora viridis should be transferred to the genus Actinomadura as Actinomadura rugatobispora comb. nov., nom. nov. (type strain SF2240 = IFO 14382 = JCM 3366) and Microbispora echinospora should be transferred to the genus Actinomadura as Actinomadura echinospora comb. nov. (type strain JCM 3148 = ATCC 27300). We also propose that Microbispora rosea, Microbispora amethystogenes, Microbispora chromogenes, Microbispora diastatica, Microbispora indica, Microbispora karnatakensis and Microbispora parva should be combined into the species Microbispora rosea subsp. rosea (type strain JCM 3006 = ATCC 12950), and that Microbispora aerata, Microbispora thermodiastatica and Microbispora thermorosea should be combined and transferred to the new subspecies Microbispora rosea subsp. aerata comb. nov. (type strain IFO 12581 = ATCC 15448). Microbispora bispora clearly differs from these ten strains at the species level.